The Napoleonic Code, also known as the French Civil Code, is the earliest civil code in bourgeois countries. 1789, the product of the French bourgeois revolution, 1804 was promulgated and implemented. After many revisions, it is still valid in France. Originally named the French Civil Code, 1807 was renamed the Napoleonic Code, 18 16 was renamed the Civil Code, and 1852 was renamed the Napoleonic Code, but since 1870,

The French Civil Code was adopted on March 2 1804. In addition to the general provisions, the code is divided into three parts. The cover of the first edition of the French Civil Code is 228 1. The first part is personal law, which contains the provisions of personal law and relative law, and is actually about the subject of civil rights. The second part is the Property Law, which contains provisions on various properties, ownership and other property rights. In fact, it is about the static object of civil rights. The third part is called "various methods to obtain ownership". The content is quite complicated: firstly, inheritance, gift, will and marital property system are stipulated; Secondly, the debt law is stipulated, and the mortgage law is attached; Finally, the prescription of acquisition and extinction are stipulated. This part is actually about the provisions of various possibilities for the object of civil rights to be transferred from one right subject to another.

This principle can be summarized as three principles: freedom and equality, ownership and contractual autonomy.

1787 Constitution

American Constitution, commonly known as American Constitution or American Constitution.

It is the fundamental law of the United States and lays the legal foundation of the American political system. The American Constitution is the first written constitution in the world.

1787 In May, representatives of American states (then 13) held a constitutional convention in Philadelphia. On September 5 of the same year, the constitutional convention adopted the Constitution of the United States of America.

1789 On March 4th, the Constitution came into effect. Later, 26 constitutional amendments were added.

The constitution of the United States stipulates the implementation of federalism, which affirms the bourgeois democratic republic with the principle of separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers and checks and balances. The original constitution consists of a preface and seven texts. It stipulates that the legislative power belongs to the U.S. Congress and the composition of the Congress. The executive power belongs to the president of the United States, and the definition method of presidential election; Judicial power belongs to the Supreme Court of the United States, which stipulates the composition of the Supreme Court; Mutual relations and obligations of countries; Procedures for proposing and adopting constitutional amendments; The federal constitution and the laws formulated in accordance with it are the highest laws of the country; This constitution will come into force after it is approved by the nine state constituent assemblies. This constitution shows that the United States has created a democratic republic different from the British constitutional monarchy and a presidential system different from the cabinet system in parliament for the first time in the world, making the United States a federal country with a unified national central government. This form of political system and state structure was later imitated by many countries.

Virginia bill of rights

The Bill of Rights refers to the first to tenth constitutional amendments in the American Constitution. When the draft constitution of the United States was submitted to the state legislatures for approval, some people questioned that the constitution could not guarantee the basic rights of the people.

In this regard, the Federalists who supported the draft constitution assured the American people that the Bill of Rights would be added to the Constitution during the first session of Congress. After the adoption of the Constitution, the first Congress was held. Most members support the introduction of the Bill of Rights and the protection of related rights in the Constitution.

The task of drafting the Bill of Rights fell to james madison. Madison began to draft the Bill of Rights based on the Virginia Bill of Rights. It was also agreed to incorporate the Bill of Rights into the Constitution in the form of a constitutional amendment to avoid a lengthy constitutional ratification process.

1789 initially proposed an amendment to 12, but two of them failed to pass. 179 101215, and the remaining amendments to10 were passed, becoming the so-called bill of rights.