Without a solid ruling foundation, the Nanjing Kuomintang regime lost the minimum conditions for the founding of the country. But after all, it has established a modern form of political power and is a high-level institution. We need to pay attention to the ups and downs of this regime and administrative personnel.

First of all, the highest central institution itself is a hodgepodge of various forces and factions. After the "Qing Party", the Nanjing regime excluded a large number of legitimate members of the Second Central Committee of the Kuomintang. The legitimate members of the Second Central Committee of Nanjing regime are only Zhang Jingjiang and others. A considerable number of people are local dignitaries who hold military and political power. The continuous civil war and factional disputes caused by this feature have always been consistent with the Nanjing regime.

In the early days of the defeat of Taiwan Province Province, Chiang Kai-shek, who was saddened by his experience, recalled the failure of the mainland and thought that the fundamental reason was the army's "unclear doctrine" and "weak will". First of all, party member, a part of the Kuomintang, "defected from another party", resulting in "the people's hearts are scattered and morale is lost, forming a situation of disintegration." In addition, the organizational discipline of the Kuomintang and the publicity and education of the people and youth also have great problems. Nanjing regime also achieved the purpose of promoting government affairs by training middle and lower-level cadres. As a result, these people not only failed to make achievements after graduation, but also set up their own "homecoming" in various counties, and sometimes they had factional disputes with party member. Some people may say that if Chiang Kai-shek's Nanjing regime has a group of cadres at all levels who are loyal to themselves, the pace of implementing government decrees and building the country will be much smoother, and it is impossible! This involves the whole social atmosphere at that time. eight

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During the Anti-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek denounced senior officers for being "arrogant and extravagant, and even using the economy to block smuggling", reminding them that "in China's current social environment, there will be no corruption if you are not careful."

Fundamentally speaking, this phenomenon comes from the influence of traditional atmosphere, but the unprecedented seriousness of corruption is related to the changed environment since modern times; The import of high material civilization in the west further stimulated the desire of officials to take bribes and bend the law.

Third, foreign invasion and * * * competition accelerated its collapse. The above phenomenon shows that the emergence of the Nanjing Kuomintang regime itself is seriously congenital, and this regime machine is extremely reluctant to run. Social stability requires a high degree of coordination among its internal political, economic and ideological systems. Under the rule of Nanjing regime, these three systems were not perfect in themselves, let alone coordinated with each other. The political situation has been described before. As we all know, the result of economic development is that a few people become rich and the whole national economy is in a state of collapse. The ideological defects of the Nanjing regime are even more obvious: the "elimination" of * * * and the abandonment and suppression of workers and peasants made it ashamed of the Three People's Principles and the late Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Faced with the sharp decline of the feudal cultural market after various new ideological trends and new cultural movements that have been widely introduced to China since the 20th century, Chiang Kai-shek can only sigh that "human desires are cross-flowing". In addition to strong suppression, the new life movement to reconcile Confucian culture and western culture has also been launched on an unprecedented scale, but it has been ineffective and failed because of its formalization. No matter from which angle, it is impossible for Nanjing regime to consolidate its rule.

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All these situations are enough to lead to the demise of the Nanjing regime! Japanese imperialism's all-round invasion of China made the Kuomintang regime worse, just as the terminally ill people were hit hard again, which greatly accelerated the pace of the collapse of this regime!

At the critical juncture of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's national survival, the Kuomintang regime can only rely on the army and the government itself, far from mobilizing the broad masses of workers and peasants. This is because the workers and peasants movement led by * * during the Great Revolution stimulated them too much and impressed them too much.

The Kuomintang regime is slipping faster and faster on the road to collapse. In the late 1940s, these contradictions were intertwined, brought together and broke out in general. Coupled with the huge blow from the fully mature China, it was finally forced to "move to Taiwan Province" in 1949 and fight alone in the East China Sea. No internal or external factors can reverse this trend, but the root cause of failure is always the existence of the Kuomintang regime.

In fact, as early as 1933, Chiang Kai-shek publicly admitted that "the revolution has failed again in recent years." "The evil influence of not advancing or retreating politically has eroded all military victories in the past." 10

After Chiang Kai-shek and others rejected * * * in the 1920s, they not only failed to shoulder the heavy responsibility of leading China forward alone, but made themselves run along the track of failure. By refusing * * *, they set up a strong competitor for themselves. What the Nanjing Kuomintang regime lacked or could not do was exactly what the people were good at or possessed: land reform and other measures attracted the vast majority of people.

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China population; The success of the United front has made enlightened gentlemen, national bourgeoisie and ruling representatives stand under their own flags; Compared with the corruption in Chongqing and Kuomintang-controlled areas, Yan 'an and Liberated Areas have become symbols of hope for the people of China. The rigor of the Communist Party of China (CPC)'s internal organization fascinated Chiang Kai-shek. Faced with such an opponent, the Nanjing Kuomintang regime had no choice but to "jump out of the circle".

Fourthly, the transition of Nanjing regime.

According to the law of social development in China, there is always a transition period from chaos to governance. In this transitional period, the old order is struggling, the new order is gestating, the chaotic ideology should be unified, the rulers should accumulate all kinds of experience, and authoritative figures should be produced. This task is extremely arduous, so the transitional government is always short-lived: the Qin Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty are obvious examples. The same is true of the Nanjing regime, which has a particularly heavy burden: on the one hand, it has to complete the general mission of turning chaos into governance, on the other hand, it has to constantly cope with the severe challenges from the powers, which is obviously incompetent. When these two kinds of pressures come, the day of the collapse of the Nanjing regime is closer.

In the 1920s, there was a dawn of hope for China's historical mission of anti-imperialism, anti-feudalism and modernization in modern times. However, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party could not accomplish it alone, and they should take the road of joint efforts. This was openly admitted by Chiang Kai-shek himself. In this case, he embarked on a road of rejecting * * *, which led to the self-destruction of his regime. This is a great tragedy.

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However, after all, the Nanjing regime completed its historical mission: through this transition, the people of China found the government authority they had lost since the late Qing Dynasty, and a truly independent nation-state was born and a brand-new order was established. A truly planned and organized modernization movement has begun. References: