(1) "Learning history makes people wise". Professor Diana Nowitz of the Department of History of Columbia University in the United States said: "A nation without a historical mind is a forgetful nation." Sima Qian said: "A country cannot but know the Spring and Autumn Period". After studying China's local chronicles, ancient poems and travel notes, Zhu Kezhen, a famous astronomer, mastered the clues of climate change in ancient China, and wrote a famous paper "A Preliminary Study on Climate Change in China in Five Thousand Years".
(2) Studying history can show patriotism. The history of China provides us with many materials for patriotism education: we can use the splendid ancient civilization and culture of China to inspire students' national pride. For example, the world-famous ceramics, silk, the four great inventions, the Great Wall of Wan Li, Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses, etc. It is still praised by people all over the world; The textbook records a large number of patriotic quotations from historical figures, such as: Gu's "Everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world"; Zhou Enlai's Reading for the Rise of China and so on. There are also a lot of materials in history textbooks to carry forward the fine traditions of the Chinese nation. For example, Guan Tianpei and Deng Shichang died for their country, Tan Sitong died for political reform, and Dong Cunrui died for bombing the bunker. China's humiliating history in modern times can enhance students' sense of historical mission, such as the signing of a series of unequal treaties such as the five wars of foreign powers invading China, treaty of nanking, treaty of shimonoseki, and the humiliating treaty, which embodies the truth that "you will be beaten if you fall behind", and can enhance students' belief in self-reliance and self-improvement and understand the meaning of a strong country. There are also a wide range of patriotic education positions in the teaching of world history: for example, by comparing with the economic take-off of developed countries, we can further understand the national conditions and enhance our sense of mission. We can also learn from the failure of socialist reform in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, deeply understand the principles and policies formulated by the CPC Central Committee, and set up a lofty ambition to study hard and revitalize China.
(3) Learning history can make people understand. In history teaching, reciting the poems of "Who has never died since ancient times, keeping the heart of Dan as a mirror in history" and "Who gives up me, who comes after happiness" is conducive to cultivating students' positive outlook on life and values; The deeds of Sima Qian and Roosevelt can help students cultivate indomitable will; The brilliant achievements of revolutionaries such as, Peng, etc. help students to establish the will quality of laughing at setbacks and being open-minded.
(4) It is meaningful to study history. Through the evaluation of historical figures such as Columbus and Napoleon, students can master the key of "dividing into two", cultivate a realistic attitude and improve their ability to distinguish right from wrong. By analyzing the causes of the British bourgeois revolution, the French Revolution and the American War of Independence, students can understand the dialectical relationship between productivity and production relations, the role of the masses and leaders, and explain the laws of historical development.