1, what were the conditions for the reunification of the Sui Dynasty? Great ethnic integration in the north and economic development in the south: long-term separatism and people's longing for reunification; Corruption in the South under the Chen regime: after the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, it was vigorously governed, politically stable, economically prosperous and militarily powerful. Sui made full preparations for destroying Chen, and used strategy and tactics properly. 2. Reasons and conditions for the excavation of the Sui Grand Canal: since ancient times, the traffic between north and south is inconvenient; After the reunification of the Sui Dynasty, the political, economic, cultural and communication between the North and the South need to be strengthened. In order to consolidate the achievements of reunification, it is necessary to strengthen control over the northeast and southeast regions; The affluence of the Sui Dynasty provided a solid material foundation for digging the Grand Canal. 3. Why is there a "rule of chastity"? The rapid downfall of the dynasty caused by the cruelty of its rule shocked the rulers of the early Tang Dynasty, especially Emperor Taizong, and forced them to adjust their ruling policies and do good things for the people. Emperor Taizong listened to suggestions, selected talents, worked hard and worked hard. 4. The main contents of Zhenguan's New Deal are: reforming the system of hard labor, reducing the number of days people serve hard labor, and replacing hard labor with physical payment; The inheritance and perfection of the "Three Provinces and Six Departments System" in the Sui Dynasty: On the basis of the Sui Law, it was revised and compiled the earliest complete code in China-Tang Law Yi Shu. 5. Wu Zetian's rule: First of all, on the basis of attacking the big bureaucratic aristocratic groups, the centralization of power in the Tang Dynasty was developed. Reuse brutal officials, implement a policy of terror, slaughter and suppress conservative and backward bureaucrats and nobles. The genealogy of the early Tang Dynasty was revised to the genealogy of surnames. Further develop the imperial examination system. Secondly, attach importance to agricultural production and reduce the burden on the people. Third, set up the North Court to protect the government and consolidate and open the frontier. 6. What are the main subjects of the imperial examination? What abilities should we focus on? The permanent subjects of the imperial examination system are Ming Jing and Jinshi. Ming Jing mainly examines the ability of candidates to recite Confucian classics; Scholars include asking questions, aiming at solving practical social problems and examining the ability of governing the country. 7. The historical role of the imperial examination system in Tang Dynasty: the implementation of the imperial examination system facilitated the selection of talents within the society and expanded the social foundation of the central government; Scholars can apply freely, and the talents are constantly updated, which improves the efficiency of state institutions. They have promoted a series of reforms, created a brand-new situation in politics, economy, culture and ethnic relations, and endowed the society with an innovative atmosphere and creative spirit. 8. Why did Emperor Taizong win the support of ethnic minorities? Emperor Taizong changed the concept of "Zhong Hua despises foreigners" and tried to treat ethnic minorities equally. Respect the national habits and lifestyles of ethnic minorities; Appoint ethnic minorities as officials and treat their leaders with courtesy; Emperor Taizong was generous and kind to people, so he won the support of ethnic minorities. 9. The significance of Princess Wencheng's entry into Tibet: Princess Wencheng's entry into Tibet laid the foundation for close exchanges between China and Tibet; They brought,,,,, and greatly promoted the development and progress of the Tubo economy. Princess Wencheng is an outstanding woman who devoted herself to the great cause of friendship and unity between Han and Tibetan nationalities. She won people's respect. 10, talk about sending envoys to the Tang Dynasty. It is an exchange mission sent by the Japanese government to Tang. The cultural exchange activities of envoys to the Tang Dynasty had a far-reaching impact on Japan's production, life and social development, and they were messengers of Japanese social progress. 1 1. What is Zhao Zhouqiao's ingenious design? The design scheme of single-hole stone arch is adopted; The flat arch not only increases the stability and bearing capacity of the bridge, but also facilitates the passage of people and animals and saves stone; Two small arches with open shoulders enhance the flood discharge capacity of the bridge, reduce its own weight and have beautiful shapes. 12. What are the main artistic features of Li Bai and Du Fu's poetry creation? Li Bai's poems are magnificent, elegant and smart, full of romantic spirit; Du Fu's poems are gloomy and frustrated, with concise and delicate language, sincere and touching feelings and realistic spirit. 13, what is the significance of the military and civilians in the northern song dynasty to resist the invasion of Liao and Xixia? The invasion of Liao and Xixia to the south was a predatory war, and the resistance of the northern song army was just, which maintained the relative stability of the central plains and the southern region and was conducive to the stability of people's lives and the development of social production. 14. What measures did the rulers take to change the old customs of Nuzhen? Imitate the Song Dynasty to establish a centralized administrative organization; Actively restore and develop agricultural production and promote the development of handicrafts and commerce; Understand the customs of the Han nationality. 15. What is the reason why China's economic center of gravity is gradually moving south? The relative stability of society; Population growth has increased the labor force, especially the migration of farmers from the north to the south, bringing advanced production tools and technologies; The government attaches importance to agricultural production and water conservancy construction. 16. Compare the differences between the Sui and Tang Dynasties and the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and think about what has changed and why? Sui and Tang Dynasties established and gradually improved the imperial examination system. The imperial examination system is a system of selecting officials through examinations of different subjects, emphasizing the principle of selecting officials with talents as the standard. The permanent and main subjects of the imperial examination are Ming Jing and Jinshi. Ming Jing mainly tests candidates' ability to recite Confucian classics. Jinshi branch includes planning topics, adding classics and essays, and later essays focus on poetry and fu. The purpose of policy inquiry is to solve practical social problems and examine the ability to govern political affairs. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, imperial examinations were only allowed to be put forward within the scope of the four books and five classics, and candidates could not play freely. The answer must be made in eight consecutive parts and must not be violated. This kind of examination is completely divorced from real life and cannot cultivate practical ability.