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Introduction \ Story background

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[Edit this paragraph] Idiom

Friendship (gu m: n bà o zh and ji ā o)

Guan Zhong and Bao were the most familiar people in the Spring and Autumn Period. Later, it was often compared to a friend with deep friendship.

In Liezi Mo Lifeng: "My parents know steamed stuffed buns. This world is called Guan Baoshan. " Sima Qian's Biography of Historical Records and Yan Guan in the Western Han Dynasty: "My parents know Bao Zi."

Before the case, I vowed to look at the mountains and rivers with perilla. It was originally ~, and the position was tilted, which raised the gap between Sun Pang and Sun Pang. ★ Chen Ming Ruyuan's "Jin Ping Mei Story Poem Case"

The formal use of law; Become an object; Include praise

Synonym friend of life and death

Antonym nodding acquaintance

Diangu

Once upon a time, Qi had a pair of good friends, one named Guan Zhong and the other named Bao. When he was young, Guan Zhong came from a poor family and had to support his mother. After Bao knows, please ask Guan Zhong to invest and do business together. When doing business, because Guan Zhong has no money, almost all the capital is invested by Bao. However, when he made money, Guan Zhong took more than the bag. Bao's servant looked at it and said, "It's strange that Guan Zhong gets less capital than our master, but he gets more when he divides the money!" " Bao Shu Ya said to his servant, "You can't say that! Guan Zhong was born in a poor family and had to support his mother. It doesn't matter if he takes a little more. " On one occasion, Guan Zhong and Bao went to war together. Every time they attack, Guan Zhong hides behind. Everyone scolded Guan Zhong and said, "Guan Zhong is a man who is afraid of death!" Bao immediately spoke for Guan Zhong: "You misunderstood Guan Zhong. He is not afraid of death. He wants to take care of his old mother! Guan Zhong listened and said, "I was born of my parents, but Bao knows me!" " ! "Later, the king of Qi died, and childe Zhu became king. They eat and drink every day and do nothing. Bao had a premonition that there would be civil strife in Qi, so he fled to Ju 'an with his son, while Guan Zhong fled to Lu with his son Jiu.

Soon after, the kings of Qi were killed, and civil strife really happened in Qi. Guan Zhong wants to kill Xiaobai, so that Kuang Zheng can be king smoothly. Unfortunately, Guan Zhong missed the arrow when plotting against Xiaobai, and Xiaobai didn't die. Later, Bao He returned to Qi earlier than Guan Zhonghe and became the king of Qi. After Xiaobai became king, he decided to make Bao the prime minister, but Bao said to him, "Guan Zhong is better than me in all aspects, so he should be asked to be the prime minister!" Xiao Bai listened: "Guan Zhong wants to kill me, he is my enemy, and you let me ask him to be the prime minister!" " "Bao Shu Ya said," I can't blame him. He did this to help the owner correct it! " After listening to Bao's words, let Guan Zhong come back as prime minister, and Guan Zhong really helped to govern Qi well!

Guan Zhong said, "When I was poor, I used to do business with Uncle Bao, divide the money and take more for myself. Uncle Bao doesn't think I am greedy for money, but he knows I am poor! I used to work for Uncle Bao, but as a result, his situation was even more difficult. Uncle Bao doesn't think I'm stupid, but he knows there are good and bad luck. I was an official three times and was dismissed by the monarch three times. Uncle Bao doesn't think I have no talent. He knows I haven't met the right time yet. I called three times and escaped three times. Uncle Bao doesn't think I'm timid He knows that I have an old mother at home. Miyako failed for a long time and died for it, but I was humiliated in prison. Uncle Bao, don't think I don't know shame. He knows that I am not ashamed of trifles, but of not revealing my fame to the world. My parents gave birth to me, but Uncle Bao knows me! "

After Bao Shu recommended Guan Zhong, he was willing to be his subordinate. Bao Shu's descendants were paid for generations in the State of Qi, and more than ten generations had fiefs, so they often became famous doctors. People all over the world don't praise Guan Zhong's talent, but praise Bao Shu's understanding of people.

Don't rejoice in things, don't grieve for yourself.

I am satisfied with the casualness of my life.

Later, when people praise their friends for their good friendship, they will say that they are "close friends".

Introduction \ Story background

Guan Zhong: A statesman of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. My name is Yi Wu, also known as Guan. It is said that he did business in his early years and then engaged in political activities. In the struggle for the throne between Xiao Bai (Qi Huangong) and Gong Zijiu, the sons of Qi, Guan Zhong once supported Gong Zijiu. After Xiao Bai acceded to the throne, he put aside the past and reused Guan Zhong. Guan Zhong also helped Qi Huangong to carry out reforms. Politically, the system of participating in and discussing state affairs and despising the state is implemented, that is, the monarch and the second secretary jointly govern the state, set up military organizations at all levels, and stipulate that scholars, industry and commerce go their own ways; Economically, the tax system reform was implemented, and the mining fields "declined everywhere" (see pre-Qin taxation), and some policies conducive to the development of agriculture and handicrafts were adopted.

Bao: Also known as the doctor of the State of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period, he was famous for knowing people. When I was young, I made friends with Guan Zhong and did business together. In the chaos, he went out to Lu with Childe Xiaobai, and Guan Zhong went out to Lu with Childe Jiu. Qi Xianggong was killed, and Xiao Bai fought for the throne. Xiao Bai won the throne, that is, Qi Huangong. Guan Zhong was imprisoned by Huan Gong. Bao knew Guan Zhong's talent and recommended him to take his place. He himself was willing to live under Guan Zhong, and Qi became stronger and stronger because of Guan Zhong's governance.

"Guan Bao" refers to the politicians Guan Zhong and Bao in the Spring and Autumn Period of China in the 7th century BC. They are good friends. Guan Zhong is poor and Bao Fu is rich, but they know each other and trust each other. Guan Zhong and Bao were business partners in their early years. Guan Zhong paid little capital, but he got a lot of money when he paid dividends. Bao Shu Ya doesn't care. Knowing that Guan Zhong's family had a heavy burden, he asked Guan Zhong, "Is this money enough?" On several occasions, Guan Zhong helped package ideas, but he all screwed up. Bao was not angry, but comforted Guan Zhong and said, "It's not your bad idea, but the bad timing. Never mind. " Guan Zhong was an official for three times, but he was dismissed every time. Bao thinks that Guan Zhong is not without talent, but has not met anyone who appreciates him. Guan Zhong joined the army to fight, got cold feet and ran away. Bao Shuya didn't laugh at Guan Zhong's fear of death. He knew that Guan Zhong was worried about his elderly mother at home.

Later, Guan Zhong and Bao both went into politics. At that time, the state of Qi was in chaos, and the governors fled to other countries to avoid disasters and waited for opportunities. Guan Zhong assisted the prince of Lu, while Bao assisted another prince of Qi in Ju. Soon, Qi rioted, the king was killed and the country lost its monarch. When he heard the news, they hurried to the state of Qi, trying to seize the throne. The two teams happened to meet on the road. In order to make Xiao Bai king, Guan Zhong shot an arrow at him, but the arrow only hit the hook on Xiao Bai's belt and didn't hurt Xiao Bai. Later, Xiao Bai became king, known as "Qi Huangong" in history.

As soon as Qi Huangong became king, he told Lu to kill the prince and shut Guan Zhong up. Qi Huangong wants Bao to be prime minister and help him run the country. Bao thinks he is incapable of being a prime minister. He strongly recommended Guan Zhong, who was imprisoned in Lu. Bao said: "I am not as good at governing the country as Guan Zhong. Guan Zhong is kind, loyal and upright, able to formulate a standardized national system and be good at commanding the army. I don't have this, so if your majesty wants to govern the country well, he can only ask Guan Zhong to be the prime minister. " Qi Huangong didn't agree. He said, "Guan Zhong shot me with an arrow and almost killed me. If I don't kill him, how can I make him prime minister? " Bao immediately said, "I heard that a wise monarch can't hold grudges. What's more, Guan Zhong was working for the prince at that time. A man can serve his master faithfully, and he will certainly serve the king faithfully. If your majesty wants to dominate the world, he can't succeed without Guan Zhong. You must appoint him. " Finally, under Bao's persuasion, he returned to Qi with Guan Zhong.

Guan Zhong returned to Qi as prime minister, but Bao was willing to be Guan Zhong's assistant. With the joint efforts of Guan Zhong and Bao, Qi became the most powerful country among the vassal states and the overlord among them.

After Bao died, Guan Zhong wept bitterly at the grave. Thinking of Bao's understanding and support, he sighed: "At the beginning, the prince I assisted failed to rehabilitate, and other ministers swore allegiance to the death, but I was willing to go to prison. Bao Shuya didn't laugh at my dishonesty. He knows I don't care about my reputation for planning big things. It was my parents who gave birth to me, but it was Bao Shu Ya who really understood me! "

The deep friendship between Guan Zhong and Bao has become a much-told story handed down from generation to generation in China. In China, people often use the word "close friend" to describe the intimate and trusting relationship between them and their good friends.

[Edit this paragraph] Original text

Pass 1, Ying Shang 2 also. I often travel with Bao Shu's teeth, and Bao Shu knows his talent. Guan Zhong was poor and often bullied Uncle Bao, but Uncle Bao finally satisfied him well and didn't take it for granted. Bao Shu worked for the son of Qi, and Guan Zhong worked for Gong Zijiu. Xiao Bai made Huan Gong, the son died for a long time, and Guan Zhong was imprisoned. Uncle Bao then went into Guanzhong. Guan Zhong is in use and Ren Zheng is in order. Qi Huangong wants to establish hegemony, nine governors (4), and has plans of Kuangtian and Guanzhong.

Guan Zhong said, "I tasted Bao Shujia when I was in trouble and shared wealth with him. Uncle Bao didn't treat me as greedy and knew I was poor. I tried to find a job for Uncle Bao, and I was poorer. Uncle Bao doesn't think I'm stupid, but he knows when it's good or bad. I have tasted three officials and three people, and I am driven by you. Uncle Bao doesn't think I'm evil, but he knows I'm not in trouble. I have tasted three wars and three walks, and Uncle Bao is not afraid of me, knowing that I have an old mother. Miyako was defeated for a long time and was called to die suddenly. My prisoner was humiliated. Bao Shu doesn't think I'm shameless and knows I'm shameless, but his shame and reputation are not known to the world. My parents know buns. " Uncle Bao is in Guanzhong, under him. Shilu's descendants lived in Qi, and there were more than a dozen feudal lords, often famous doctors. There are not many sages in Guan Zhong, but there are many people who can know people in the package.

Since Guan Zhong became independent, he has lived on the seashore with only a small amount of money, accumulated wealth, enriched Qiang Bing, and shared the joys and dislikes with the people. Therefore, it is said: "The granary knows etiquette, food and clothing know honor and disgrace, and clothes are solid." If the four dimensions don't open, the country will die. Ordering food is like the originality of running water, making it popular. "Therefore, this theory is humble and easy. What the vulgar want, let it go; Vulgar is not, so go.

It is also the government, good every cloud has a silver lining, that turned defeat into victory. Weigh carefully. Huan Gong was really angry with Cai, so Guan Zhong attacked Chu and blamed Mao for not paying tribute. Huan Gong was really good at the Northern Expedition, and Guan Zhong put Yan Xiu in charge of Zhao Gong. At the meeting of Yu Ke, Huan Gong wanted to break the contract, Guan Zhong believed it was true, and the princes returned to Qi. Therefore, it is said that "knowing what it is used for is the treasure of politics."

Guan Zhongfu intends to go to the government, and he has three returns and is buried. Qi people don't think this is luxury. When Guan Zhong died, it was often better for Qi to obey his own government than for princes. 100 years later, there was a swallow.

Yan Ping is a loyal baby, and Wei is also a person. In the matter of Qi and Zhuang Gonghe, frugality is more important than Qi. Me and I don't care about meat, and we don't care about clothes and silks. It is in North Korea, which is very dangerous to talk about; If you don't say it, you will be in danger. State-owned means obedient; I can't help it. I just have a balanced life. In this way, the third world became famous to the princes.

The more stones, the better the father. Yan Zi came out and was smeared. Solve the left, redeem and return. Foucher, go to the boudoir. Over time, the more stones my father wants. Yan Zi suddenly photographed his clothes and thanked him, saying, "Although the baby is heartless, he is free. Why does he want to be absolutely fast? " Shi Fu said, "Otherwise. I heard that gentlemen trust their confidants, not their confidants. Wu Fang is in the middle. He doesn't know me. My master saved me, and I am a bosom friend; It is better to be rude than to be caught in the middle. " Yan Zi then expanded into a guest.

Yan Zi is a Qi person, and his royal wife is an idle and rich guest. Her husband is a relative, and he is very big, arrogant and complacent. When he came back, his wife was invited. Husband asked him why. The wife said, "Yan Zi is less than six feet long. He is in a state of harmony and is famous as a vassal. Today, I look forward to it with deep ambition and always follow the bottom. My son is eight feet long. He is a servant. However, he thinks he is satisfied and he wants to go. " After that, the husband suppressed his loss. Yan Zi asked me a strange question, and he was telling the truth. Yan Zi recommended him as a doctor.

Taishi Gong Yue; I have read Herdsmen, The Mountain is High, Riding a Horse, Light and Heavy, Jiu Fu, and Spring and Autumn Annals by Yan Zi. Ever since I saw him writing a book and wanted to see him act, I have passed it on. As for his books, there are many in the world, so anyway, tell me his anecdotes.

Guan is a so-called virtuous minister, but Confucius is a villain. Do you think that Zhou Dao is declining and Huan Gong is virtuous, but instead of encouraging him to be king, he is overbearing? As the saying goes, "let it be beautiful, keep it evil, and blind date from top to bottom." What does Guan Zhong mean?

Fang Yanzi cried over the body of the landlord, saluted and left. Is it evil to say "be brave"? As far as his advice is concerned, it is shameful to offend the monarch. What a so-called "faithful thinking will make up for it" person! Although I let Yan Zi play, I was behind the scenes, and I was greatly appreciated. (Selected from Historical Records and Biography of Guan Zhong)

[Edit this paragraph] Translation

Guan Zhong, also known as Yi Wu, is a clever man. When he was young, he often interacted with Bao and knew that he was talented. Guan Zhong was born in a poor family and often cheated Bao Shu, but Bao Shu always treated him well and kept his secret. Later, he served the son of Qi, and Guan Zhong served Gong Zijiu. When Xiaobai was made Duke Huan, Gong Zijiu was killed and Guan Zhong was imprisoned. Bao Shu recommended Guan Zhong to Huan Gong. After Guan Zhong was hired, he took charge of Qi politics, which led to Qi Huangong's hegemony. It is Guan Zhong's strategy to convene various waiting alliances for many times to save the world.

Guan Zhong said, "When I was poor, I often did business with Uncle Bao, and I often got more money by myself. Uncle Bao didn't treat me like a greedy man, but he knew I was poor. I used to work for Uncle Bao, but then things got even more embarrassing and got out of hand. Uncle Bao doesn't think I'm stupid, but he knows that the timing is favorable and unfavorable. He was an official many times and was driven away by the monarch many times. Uncle Bao doesn't treat me like an incompetent person. He knew that I had no luck. I have fought many wars and retreated many times. Uncle Bao doesn't think I am a coward. He knows that my family has an old mother. After Miyako failed to compete for the throne for a long time, my colleague Zhao suddenly committed suicide, and I was locked in a deep prison to drag out an ignoble existence. Uncle Bao didn't think I was shameless. He knows that I will not be ashamed of losing my part, but I am ashamed that my reputation has not appeared in the world. My parents gave birth to me, and Uncle Bao knows me! " After Bao Shu recommended Guan Zhong, he was willing to be under Guan Zhong. His descendants have enjoyed their salaries in Qi for generations, and more than a dozen generations have had fiefs, mostly famous doctors. Therefore, people all over the world do not praise Guan Zhong's talent, but praise Bao Shu's ability to identify talents.

After the reign of Qi, Guan Zhong relied on the geographical conditions of Qi, a small coastal country, to circulate goods and accumulate wealth, making him as rich as an enemy and sharing likes and dislikes with ordinary people. Therefore, he said in the book: "When the granary is full, you will know the etiquette; Eat and wear warm clothes, and you will know the honor and disgrace; The enjoyment of kings has a certain system, and the six relatives are closely linked; If the ethics of propriety, justice and shame are not publicized, the country will perish. Promulgating laws and regulations, such as flowing water from the source, will certainly be in the hearts of the people. " Therefore, his decree is simple and easy, and what most people yearn for is given because of the situation; If ordinary people don't approve, they will follow and change.

Guan Zhong is in charge of politics, and he is good at turning disasters into pleasure and turning failures into success. Pay great attention to the priorities of things and weigh the pros and cons carefully. Duke Huan was very angry with his youngest wife, Cai Ji, so he went south to attack Cai Guo, while Guan Zhong took the opportunity to crusade against Chu and condemned him for not paying tribute to the Zhou royal family. In fact, Huan Gong was good at Northern Expedition, but Guan Zhong took the opportunity to let Yan practice good governance. When Qi and Lu were in the League of Kedi, Huan Gong intended to tear up the signed covenant and return it to Lu, but Guan Zhong insisted on returning it, making Lu believe in Qi, and all the princes in the world joined Qi. Therefore, it is said that "knowing how to pay is to gain, which is the magic weapon for governing the country."

Guan Zhong's wealth can be compared with that of princes and royalty. People in Qi don't think he is extravagant. After Guan Zhong's death, Qi followed his politics and religion and often dominated the princes. More than a hundred years later, another Yan Zi appeared.

Stefanie, whose name is Zhong Ping, is a famous baby. She comes from Reddy Yiwei. He served Qi Linggong, Qi Zhuanggong and Qi Jinggong, and was respected by the people of Qi because of his frugality and personal respect for directors. After taking the photo, you don't have to eat two kinds of meat dishes, and the little wife doesn't wear silk. When he was in the imperial court, he was outspoken about what the monarch said; What the monarch didn't say, he just did. If the country has justice, it will follow the rules; If the country makes no sense, it will weigh the interests and take measures. Because of this, among the three generations of Gong Ling, Zhuang Gong and Gong Jing, his reputation is quite prominent in various countries.

Father Stone is very talented, but he is in prison. When Yan Zi was out, he met him on the road, so he took off his left horse, redeemed him and took him home. Yan Zi walked into the back room without saying goodbye. After a while, Shi Yue's father told Yanyu that he wanted to break up. Yan Zi was very surprised. He lifted his clothes and hat and apologized again and again: "Yan Ying saved you from the predicament, although she had no kindness. Why do you want to break up so soon? " Shi Fu said, "You can't say that. I heard that a gentleman is only wronged by people who don't know him, but he is free to stretch in front of his friends. Those people didn't know me when I was in prison. Now that you know who I am and have saved me, you are my confidant; If you are a bosom friend and don't treat me according to etiquette, it's better to be in prison. " Yan Zi invited him into the house and treated him as a VIP.

When Yan Zi was taking a photo, once he went out, his driver's wife peeped at his husband through the crack of the door: her husband was holding the handle of the big umbrella cover in his hand, whipping the horse, full of energy and very complacent. After returning home, his wife asked to leave him. The husband asked what the reason was, and the wife said, "He was less than six feet long, but he made a portrait and became famous among the ministers. Seeing him go out today, I saw that he was thoughtful and always modest. Now that you have grown eight feet, you have become a servant and coachman, but your spirit is satisfied. That's why I asked to leave you. " Later, the husband consciously controlled himself. Yan Zi was surprised and asked the driver, who answered truthfully. Yan Zi recommended him as a doctor.

Tai Shigong said: I have read Guan Zi's "Herdsmen", mountain height, riding, weight, nine fu, and Yan Zi's "Spring and Autumn Annals", all of which are written in great detail. I read their books and wanted to examine their deeds, so I wrote their biographies. As for their books, the whole world can see them, so I won't discuss them, just tell some anecdotes about them.

The world knows that Guan Zhong is a virtuous minister, but Confucius looks down on him. Do you think that the rule of the Zhou Dynasty has declined, and that Huan Gong is a wise monarch, but Guan Zhong did not encourage him to practice kingcraft, but helped him to dominate? "The Book of Filial Piety" says: "Be obedient and promote virtue, correct evil, and the monarch and the minister are attached." Isn't this Guan Zhong?

When Yan Zifu hanged Zhuang Gong's body in tears and left after the courtiers' ceremony, was this the person who said, "If you don't do everything, you will have no courage"? As for his resistance and dissuasion, it offended the monarch's face. This is the person who said in the Book of Filial Piety that "you should be loyal when you are in power and consider making up for it when you are in opposition"! If Yan Zi lived to this day, even if I whipped and drove the horse for him, it would be something I am happy and yearning for.