The character dedicated himself to Zhuge Liang in Nanyang, Han Guanghe, and was born in an official family in Yangdu County, Langye County for four years (A.D. 18 1). Zhuge family is a famous family of Lang Xie, whose ancestor Zhuge Feng was a captain in the Western Han Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, and Zhuge Gui, Zhuge Liang's father, was a Taishan County in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang died at the age of 3, and Zhuge Liang lost his father at the age of 8. Together with his younger brother Zhuge Jun, he followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan, who was appointed as the prefect of Zhang Yu by Yuan Shu, to work in Zhang Yu. The Eastern Han court sent Zhu Hao instead of Zhuge Xuan, and Zhuge Xuan went to Jingzhou to shepherd Liu Biao. In the second year of Jian 'an (197), Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan died of illness; Zhuge Liang usually reads Fu Liang's songs and often compares himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi. At that time, people were dismissive of him, and only friends such as Xu Shu and Cui believed in his talent. Known as "Wolong". Make friends with Jingzhou celebrities such as Pang Degong and Huang. Huang once said to Zhuge Liang: "Wen Jun chooses his wife; Ugly girls with yellow heads and blackheads, but they are all worth matching. I heard that you want to choose a wife. There is an ugly girl in my family with yellow hair and dark skin, but her talent can rival yours. ) "Zhuge Liang agreed to this marriage and immediately married her. At that time, people played it as a joke, and there was even a proverb in the village: "Don't choose a wife for Kong Ming, you will get an ugly girl." At that time, Liu Bei was attached to Liu Biao and stationed in Xinye. Later, when I went to Si Mahui, I heard him say, "Do Confucian scholars and laymen know current events? People who know the times care about Jie Jun. There are Long Fu and Feng Chu. [Those Confucian scholars are people with shallow knowledge. How can they understand the current situation? A hero is one who can understand current events and situations. At this time only Long Fu (Zhuge Liang) and Feng Chu (Pang Tong). Later, he was recommended by Xu Shu and wanted to be introduced by Xu Shu, but Xu Shu said, "This person can meet, but he can't compromise. The general wants to take care of it (this person can go to see it, but he can't condescend to it. The general should condescend to visit. " Liu Bei visited him personally and went to see Zhuge Liang three times. Liu Bei told the others to avoid him and asked Zhuge Liang, "The Han Dynasty is dead, and the treacherous court official stole his life, and the Lord is covered with dust. Lonely, I don't want to believe (extend) the meaning above the world, but wisdom is short-lived, so I use it wildly. As for today. However, the ambition is not over yet, and you said that the plan will come out? Now that the Han Dynasty has declined, treacherous court officials are doing things under the guise of imperial edict. The emperor was forced to move the capital many times and suffered from wind and dust. I have no ability to measure my virtue and ability. I want to save the world with righteousness, but my wisdom and strategy are short-lived and insufficient, so I often fail today. But my ambition has not yet come true. Do you have any strategies to help me? ) "Liang replied:" Since Dong Zhuo came, there have been heroes, and countless people have crossed the state and even joined the county. Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao has a small name and few people. However, Cao defeated Shao and took the weak as the strong, which not only suppressed the weather, but also suppressed others. Today, millions of Cao Cao are vassals with the emperor. This sincerity is indisputable. According to Sun Quan, he lived in Jiangdong for three generations, and the country was in danger of the people. He can use it. It can be used for aid, but not for profit. Jingzhou is bordered by Han and Mian in the north, benefiting from the South China Sea, Wu Hui in the east and Bashu in the west. This is a country that uses force, but its owner can't stay. This is almost heaven, so it is a general. Does the general care? Yizhou is a dangerous place, fertile land is thousands of miles away, and the land of abundance makes Gaozu emperor. Liu Zhang is weak, Zhang Lu is in the north, the people are rich but don't know how to keep shirts, and the wise think of the wise. The general is the emperor's palace, loyal to the monarch and commanding heroes, and thirsty for thinking of the wise. If he has advantages and interests, he will protect his rock resistance, make progress in the west and south, make good relations with Sun Quan outside and mend politics inside. If the world changes, order a general to send the army of Jingzhou to Wan and Luo, and the general will lead Yizhou people out of Qinchuan. How dare the people meet the general without eating pot pulp? If this is the case, the hegemony can be reached and the Han family can flourish. " Zhuge Liang told Liu Beichen about the plan to divide the world into three parts, and analyzed the situation that Cao Cao was not desirable (relying on the emperor as a vassal) and Sun Quan could help; It also expounds that Jing and Yi monarchies are weak, and only by owning these two States can they win, indicating the necessity and possibility of capturing these two States. He also told Liu Bei the strategy of attacking the Central Plains. This theory was later called Longzhong Dui (Longzhong Dui is still controversial, it is said that Cao Lu Dui), and Liu Bei praised it even more, so Zhuge Liang began to serve Liu Bei. Liu Bei often talks with him about world affairs, and their relationship is getting closer and closer. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are unhappy. Liu Bei explained to them, "There is Kong Ming in solitude and water in fish." I wish you would say nothing. "Guan Yu and Zhang Fei stopped complaining. Schematic diagram of Battle of Red Cliffs Battle of Red Cliffs was accompanied by the slanderous remarks of Liu Biao's son and Liu Qi's stepmother, and Liu Biao gradually became dissatisfied with Liu Qi. Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang for advice on self-defense several times, but Zhuge Liang often refused. At a banquet, Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang to tell him the solution by taking the ladder from home. Zhuge Liang asked Liu Qi, "Don't you know that Shen Sheng is in danger now and Zhong Er is safe outside? You were in danger if you didn't see Shen Sheng in the Spring and Autumn Period, but can Zhong Er (referring to Jin Wengong) be safe outside? ) "At that time, Huang Zu was killed by Dongwu, and Liu Qi was recommended as Jiangxia satrap to protect himself. In August of the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), Liu Biao died of illness, and his second son Liu Cong succeeded to the throne. Hearing the news that Cao Cao was going south, he sent messengers to surrender. After learning the news of Fancheng, Liu Bei led the army and civilians to flee to the south. Cao Jun chased Liu Jun in Changsaka, Dangyang, and Xu Shu's mother was captured by Cao Cao's army. Xu Shu had to surrender to Cao Cao. When Liu Bei arrived in Xiakou, Sun Quan sent Lu Su to observe the situation and suggested to Liu Bei to ask Sun Quan for help. Zhuge Liang recommended himself to Chai Sang and made friends with Lu Su. After arriving in Chaisang, Zhuge Liang met with Sun Quan and first gave Sun Quan two choices by dichotomy: "If wuyue people can compete with China, it is better to get rid of it as soon as possible (if Wu Yuezhi's military strength can compete with the Central Plains, it is better to break diplomatic relations with Cao Cao as early as possible)"; Another option is to use the provocation method. "If not, why not put the case in the north!" If you think you can't resist, why don't you stop military action and surrender to the north! "North" has a double meaning here: First, Cao Cao is in the north; The second is that when the monarch and the minister meet, the officials generally face the north. ) "Sun Quan asked Zhuge Liang why Liu Bei didn't surrender. Zhuge Liang raised Liu Bei's social status, saying that Liu Bei had backbone and would never surrender to show Sun Bei's determination. Sun Quan was furious and vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao, but he was worried about how many troops Liu Bei had left to fight. Zhuge Liang finally analyzed the situation of the two armies. First, he said that there were 10,000 people in Guijun and Guan Yu's water army, and there were no fewer than 10,000 Jiangxia soldiers in Liu Qifan. Then he said that Cao Jun was exhausted from a long distance. He chased Liu Beishi and walked more than 300 miles a day and a night with a Qingqi. That is "a spent force, it is impossible to wear Lu Mao"; Moreover, northerners do not learn water warfare, and Jingzhou people are forced to obey Cao Cao, unconvinced; Finally, Cao's defeat is certain. Sun Quan is very happy. Later, after lobbying by Lu Su and Zhou Yu, he decided to unite Liu against Cao and sent Zhou Yu, Lu Su to lead 30,000 water troops against Cao Cao. Zhuge Liang went back to Liu Bei with the army; In November, Cao Cao's army was attacked by Sun Liulian in Chibi, and there was a plague in the army, which was defeated. After Battle of Red Cliffs had enough to eat, Liu Bei pacified the four counties in Jingnan in December, appointed Zhuge Liang as the military commander, and lived in Lin Xuan, making Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha counties responsible for tax adjustment and enriching military assets. In the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), Liu Zhang sent Liu Bei to assist Zhang Lu. Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others guarded Jingzhou. In December of the following year, Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and attacked Chengdu. Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others went to Shu to help out, leaving Guan Yu in charge of Jingzhou's defense, dividing troops to pacify counties and counties, and forming a capital with Liu Bei. In the 19th year of Jian 'an (2 14), Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei entered Yizhou. Zhuge Liang received 500 Jin of gold, 50 million yuan of silver 1000 Jin, and 0/000 pieces of brocade/kloc-0, and was appointed as a strategist and general, in charge of the general's office. Every time Liu Bei sent troops to attack, Zhuge Liang was responsible for guarding Chengdu and providing Liu Bei with adequate food and clothing. For example, in the battle of Hanzhong, he provided resources for Liu Bei. In the first year of Emperor Yankang of the Han Dynasty (220), Cao Pi usurped the independence of Han Dynasty. In the second year of Wei Huang (22 1), ministers heard the news that Emperor Xian was killed and advised Liu Bei, who had become the king of Hanzhong, to be the emperor. Liu Bei refused, and Zhuge Liang persuaded Liu Bei with the story of Geng Chun lobbying Liu Xiu to be emperor. So Liu Bei promised Zhuge Liang to be prime minister, record history and have a holiday; In the same year, Zhang Fei was killed and Zhuge Liang became a captain. In August (222), the second year of Zhangwu in Baidicheng, Liu Bei was defeated on the way to recapture Jingzhou and retreated to Yongan. Zhuge Liang lamented that the law would soon be abolished, or Liu Bei's crusade would stop. In February of the third year of Zhangwu (223), Liu Bei was seriously ill and called Zhuge Liang to Yong 'an to entrust Li Yan with the funeral. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "You are only ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will be able to settle down in the world and eventually achieve great things. If the heir can supplement it, supplement it; If he is incompetent, you can bear it yourself. Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will be able to achieve great things in the end. If the adopted son (Liu Chan) can help, help him; If he has no talent, you can take it yourself. "Zhuge Liang said with tears:" I dare to use my strength to report the Loyalty Day and then die! I will try my best to serve the faithful solar terms until I die! ) "Liu Bei asked Liu Chan to treat Zhuge Liang as his father. In April, Liu Bei died, and Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, making Zhuge Liang the marquis of Wuxiang and opening a yamen. Soon, Liu Chan relied on Zhuge Liang to take charge of Yizhou pastoral administration, and Zhuge Liang decided. It turned out that South China took the opportunity to rebel because of Liu Bei's crushing defeat. Zhuge Liang did not send troops because the country had just lost its monarch, but sent Deng Zhi and Kyle to Soochow to repair it. In the spring of the third year of Jianxing (225), Zhuge Liang led the army south. Before he left, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Aliang a gold cymbal and a curved cover. He advocated a royal treasure before and after, with 60 warriors. Later, Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land (idiom: the barren land is bhamo on the northern border of Myanmar today) to crusade against Lv Yong and Meng Huo. Zhuge Liang took the advice of joining the army in Ma Su, focusing on attacking the enemy. He first defeated Lv Yong's army, then captured Meng Huo seven times, and settled all the chaos in the autumn. After the Shu Han settled in the south and obtained some supplementary troops, after a long period of accumulation, they had the foundation of the Northern Expedition. Schematic diagram of Zhuge Liang's northern expedition 1. In the spring of the sixth year of lite (228), Zhuge Liang raised his voice ahead of time, and got a reward from Xiegu Road, so that Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi set up suspected soldiers to attract Cao Zhen's heavy troops and led his own army to attack Qishan (now northwest of Xihe County, Gansu Province). Nan 'an, Tianshui and Anding counties in Longyou opposed Wei's attachment to Shu. Zhang He refused to break Ma Su in the street pavilion. Zhuge Liang pulled more than 1000 families back to Hanzhong from Xixian County. This is the first time out of Qishan. 2. In the winter of the same year, Zhuge Liang went to Sanguan (now southwest of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) to surround Chencang (now east of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) and returned all the grain to Hanzhong. Wei Zhui was beheaded. 3. In the spring of 229, the seventh year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang sent Chen Shi to attack Wudu (now Chengxian County, Gansu Province) and Yin Ping (now Wenxian County, Gansu Province). Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou, led the troops to rescue him. Out to Jianwei (now west of Xihe County, Gansu Province), Guo Huai withdrew, so he got the second county. 4. In the autumn of lite eight years (230), Wei Jun attacked Hanzhong, Sima Yi went to Xicheng (now northwest of Ankang City, Shaanxi Province), Zhang He went to Woods Valley, and Cao Zhen went to Gu Jie. Zhuge Liang was stationed in Chenggu (now east of Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province) and Akasaka (now twenty miles east of Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province). It rains thirty times, and Wei Jun retreats. In the same year, Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan and Wu to Qiang, and defeated Fei Yao, the general after Wei Dynasty, and Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou, in Yuyang River (now Nan 'an County, southwest of Wushan Mountain in Gansu Province). 5. In February of the 9th year of Jianxing (23 1), Zhuge Liang led an army to attack Qishan, only to get lucky. When Cao Zhen was seriously ill, the Guanzhong commander Sima Yi refused. Zhuge Liang cut wheat in Shangguan (now Tianshui County, Gansu Province). Sima Yi chased the light to Lucheng (now between Tianshui City and Gangu, Gansu Province), dug up the camp and held on, which was a mockery of "fearing Shu like a tiger". In May, Sima Yi led a crusade against Zhuge Liang, and Zhuge Liang fled in defeat. The Shu army won the first enemy's 3,000-level armor, 5,000-level armor and 3,100 crossbows. In June, Li Yan called back because of poor grain transportation. Zhang He chased Liang, retreated to the wooden door and was shot dead by an arrow. This is his second time out of Qishan. 6. In February of the 12th year of lite (234), Zhuge Liang led a great army out of Gu Jie Road. According to Wu Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan South, Shaanxi Province), he settled in Weibin. During this period, Zhuge Liang gave Sima Yi a headscarf and hair accessories for a woman, and Sima Yi could not bear to be humiliated. In August, Zhuge Liang died in Wuzhangyuan. Yang Yi and others led the army back, and there was a story about "Zhuge died and Zhong Dasheng was born". The six battles, Qishan only twice; The fourth time, Wei Jun took the initiative to attack, and the Shu army defended. Due to continuous rainstorm and flash floods, the plank road was washed away, and Shu and Wei surrendered without a fight. When Zhuge Liang was 46 years old, his own son Zhuge Zhan was born. According to historical records, Zhuge Zhan was only eight years old when Zhuge Liang died. But he was smart and cute since he was a child. He is good at painting and calligraphy and has a strong memory. When he grew up, he started as a junior officer and rose to the position of military adviser and general once held by his father. Later, General Zhuge Zhan was appointed as an official of Wei. Wei once managed the affairs of Shu. When Wei's general Deng Ai marched eastward to Shu, Zhuge Zhan led the army to resist, refused to be lured by Wei Jun, and died in Mianzhu. At that time, his son, Zhuge Shang, was only seventeen years old and died in battle. When Zhuge Zhan was martyred, his second son, Zhu Gejin, was too young to join the army and fight, so he survived. After the Jin Dynasty unified the Three Kingdoms, Zhu Gejin was moved to the Central Plains by the new dynasty to recruit talents. Zhu Gejin became the magistrate of Meixian County in the border region and managed it well. At that time, his grandfather Zhuge Liang tried to attack Meixian many times, but all failed. Unexpectedly, history played a little joke on him and made his grandson, whom he had never met before, the county magistrate here. Zhuge Liang's eldest brother, Zhu Gejin, joined Dongwu in his early years and won the respect of Sun Quan. Later, officials reached the highest military positions such as generals. His eldest son, Zhuge Ke, was even more brilliant in Wu Guoquan at that time. Later, he died in a coup and the Zhuge family in Soochow was hacked to death. Zhuge Dan, Zhuge Liang's cousin, followed Cao Cao very early and served as a first-class official in Wei. After being beaten by Sima's family, all the family members were killed. As a result, apart from the people in Langya's hometown, the only survivor recorded in the history books is Zhuge Liang's grandson Zhu Gejin. After serving as the magistrate of Meixian County, Zhu Gejin continued to be promoted, and finally the official went to Jiangzhou to make a secretariat ... Since then, there is no record of Zhu Gejin's descendants in the history books. So, does Zhuge Liang have direct descendants to pass on to this day? At present, there are a group of people named Zhuge in Linyi, Shandong Province and Lanxi, Zhejiang Province. They all have their own genealogy to record their relationship with Zhuge Liang. In Zhejiang, descendants of Zhuge are almost all over the province. But it is said that they all originated in Zhuge Village, Lanxi City, Zhejiang Province. Since the Ming Dynasty, Zhuge people in Lanxi mainly engaged in traditional Chinese medicine. It is said that this is the ancestral motto of "either a good doctor or a good doctor". Later, they gradually developed in this industry. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, Zhuge people opened their own Chinese medicine shops all over Zhejiang, even in major cities across the country, and formed a commercial gang called "Lanxi Medicine Gang", which was very popular. At the same time, it has also created many gorgeous and exquisite residential buildings in Zhuge Village today.