Sichuan's first large-scale population decline
The Southern Song Dynasty was the last country in China to be defeated by Mongolian cavalry. Although the military strength of the Southern Song Dynasty was not particularly strong, it supported the Mongolian cavalry's attack for many years by virtue of the barrier advantage of the Yangtze River.
In order to lay the foundation for the Southern Song Dynasty, Mongolian cavalry went to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and planned to enter the Southern Song Dynasty through Sichuan.
It was in the battle between the Southern Song Dynasty and Mongolian cavalry that Sichuan suffered huge casualties at the end of the Song Dynasty. According to relevant records, when the Yuan Dynasty was founded, the population of Sichuan was only 600,000.
It was not until the establishment of the Ming Dynasty that the population of Sichuan did not decrease. It was not until Zhu Yuanzhang forcibly mobilized Huguang immigrants that the population of Sichuan slowly recovered. Until the Wanli period, the population of Sichuan increased to 3.7 million.
The Population Source of Sichuan in Ming Dynasty
During the Ming Dynasty, immigrants from Sichuan mainly came from Huguang area at that time. But when it comes to Huguang, don't think that Huguang is talking about Hubei and Hunan. Huguangguan originated in Yuan Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, Huguang included most of Hunan, Hubei and Guangxi, and only Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong was under the jurisdiction of Huguang Province.
In the Ming dynasty, the situation was different. In the Ming Dynasty, Huguang only included Hubei and Hunan. So we can know that the immigrants from Sichuan in the Ming Dynasty mainly came from Hunan and Hubei.
The second large-scale population decline in Sichuan
At the time of the demise of the Ming Dynasty, Sichuan experienced the second population shock.
According to the official statement of the Qing Dynasty, most of Sichuan's population was killed by Zhang at the end of the Ming Dynasty, but according to the speculation of later generations, although Zhang killed some people at the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was definitely not the chief culprit of the large-scale population decline in Sichuan. During the population decline in Sichuan during that period, the Qing army absolutely occupied the main influence, but because all aspects of information were completely destroyed by the Qing army, I'm afraid we'll never know how much responsibility they took.
According to the General History of Sichuan, the population of Sichuan was only over 80,000 in Shunzhi 18, and it was not until Emperor Kangxi came to power that the population of Sichuan increased to 90,000. Because Sichuan is so sparsely populated, Emperor Kangxi, at the suggestion of the following officials, launched the second Huguang reclamation in Sichuan.
Population Restoration in Sichuan in Qing Dynasty
However, although this large-scale population migration is also called "Huguang filling Sichuan", in fact, the source of this migration is not limited to Huguang area. In the early years of Qing Dynasty, Hubei accounted for 15%, Hunan accounted for 10%, and the remaining 75% of the immigrant population was shared by Hunan, Shandong, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Shanxi, Gansu, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other provinces.
Guangdong specifically mentioned in the question, in fact, together with the immigrant population in Guangxi, only accounts for 10%. It can be seen that Guangdong was not the main source of population migration in Sichuan in Qing Dynasty. Although Huguang occupied Sichuan twice in history, the population of Sichuan decreased greatly in the late Ming Dynasty, so when we know the population composition of Sichuan now, I think it is enough to know only the immigration data of Qing Dynasty.
It is not accurate to speak Cantonese without bringing dialects to Sichuan.
In fact, it is not accurate to say that Cantonese people did not bring dialects to Sichuan. In fact, some dialects in Sichuan today are related to Guangdong immigrants.
Among today's numerous Sichuan dialects, Hakka dialects brought by Guangdong Hakkas are included. ?
Therefore, we can know that Cantonese people come to Sichuan not without dialects, but because they are not in the majority, they are ignored under the condition of insufficient influence.
So, this is the general composition of Sichuan population today. Today, most of the population in Sichuan is not developed by Cantonese, only Cantonese and many mainlanders.