When Quakers first came to American colonies, members of eight religious sects arrived in Boston on July 27th, 1656. The following year, 1 1 people boarded Woodhouse.
Of course, the Puritans in the Massachusetts Bay colony did not launch a welcome carriage. In fact, they arrested them as soon as they arrived at Quaker. Despite the dangers, my friends tirelessly spread the flavor of Christianity.
In order to solve this problem, the Puritans passed laws to prevent more parishioners from entering the colony. The captain may be fined for letting them through; Quaker members may be stripped naked, then whipped and imprisoned; Several Quakers had their ears cut off.
It doesn't work. The congregation will continue to come back to spread their message. In fact, this group is about to become Quaker's number one enemy, Mary Dale. She came to the colony specially because of persecution, and she wanted to support her friends when they needed it.
Therefore, in June 1658 65438+ 10 19, Massachusetts legislators passed more legislation, indicating that their real meaning is commerce. From then on, any expelled Quaker who dares to return to the colony will be put to death. Considering that just being a Quaker is a crime that cannot be banished, this effectively makes the colony have two * * *, and you are a Quaker's death penalty policy.
In the second year, under the fear of many communities, we had to take legal measures for trial operation. 1659 September, william robinson, marmaduke Stephenson and the aforementioned Mary Dell were all deported; But "moved by God", in order to stop Quaker persecution in the colony and spread their teachings, all three of them came back about a month later. All three people were hanged.
Their date of hanging is1659 65438+1October 27th. Robinson and Stephenson were taken out of prison, while Dale came out of the reformatory. Older women stood among young men, holding their hands and walking towards them. They are not ordinary people in Boston you often read about, but around the neck of Boston near the intersection of Washington and Sidham Street today.
A large crowd gathered around the tree, which became the gallows for Boston's condemned men. Many people are unfriendly to Mary's shameful behavior of holding hands with two people who are not her husband. According to reports, Dell's response to this complaint is: "This is the happiest hour I can enjoy in this world. My eyes can't see, my ears can't hear, my tongue can't speak, and my heart can't understand the sweet gains and refreshments of the spirit of God that I am enjoying now. Subsequently, the stent was pulled open and his death sentence was quickly executed. Marmaduke Stephenson went on to say:
Finally, Mary Dale stood there with a lasso around her neck. Her arms, legs and skirt are tied (the latter, for modesty). Finally, a handkerchief covered her eyes.
But for her, this is not the end; The colony didn't want to execute a woman because of a Quaker.
Instead, she was given a suspended sentence at the last minute. In a prearranged decision, she inadvertently said that the leaders decided to give Dell 48 hours to leave Massachusetts. They just want to scare her and let her know that they are serious, hoping that they can get rid of her forever without killing her. In the "anti-Semitic debate" of 1636- 1638, she was a Puritan (1635 arrived), and later fell into the losing side, mainly focusing on whether to adopt "freedom and grace". The concept of "freedom and grace" put forward by * * is regarded as heresy by the town leaders. Later, they used Dell's "terrible" stillbirth in Hiuke in June of16371year as evidence that God was angry with her heresy.
In fact, when John Winslow, then the governor of Massachusetts, found that the secret stillbirth was due to deformity and kept silent, he even took a large group of "100" people to dig for children. Winthrop described in his diary what he found in his diary, except that he spread the word deformity to far away places to support his career:
Is an ordinary big thing; It has a face, but no head, and its ears stand on its shoulders, like an ape; It has no forehead, but there are four corners above its eyes, which are hard and sharp; Two of them are more than an inch long and the other two are shorter; Eyes protruding, mouth protruding; The nose is hooked; The chest and back are covered with sharp thorns and scales, like thorns. The navel and the whole abdomen, according to gender, are the places where the buttocks are in front of the back and the back, and where the stomach should be; On the back, between the shoulders, it has two mouths, and each mouth has a piece of bright red meat; It has arms and legs like other children; However, it has no toes on each foot, but three claws, like a young bird, with sharp claws.
Needless to say, historians believe that his various statements have been exaggerated in order to support his position.
In any case, Mary Dale and her husband, as well as many others, were later expelled from the city, or in many cases, just disarmed and fled in the colonies until they decided to leave. About fifteen years later, at 1652, she returned to England and finally met george fox (the founder of Quakers) and converted. 1657, she returned to the new world and took us back to Dell's simulation execution and subsequent probation.
Although you may think that she will be glad that she won't be hanged, nothing is more outrageous. The next day, she wrote to the ordinary court and said:
My life is unacceptable. Compared with the truth and the life and freedom of the servant of the living God, my life is also unusable, because I seek you in love and gentleness. However, you killed them both with evil hands, which made me feel that the kindness of the wicked is cruel; I would rather dye my hair than live with innocent blood like you.
Death is not what she fears at all, so the intimidation strategy has no effect on her.
However, Dale left for a while and sought refuge with other Quakers on Nathaniel Sylvester's appropriately named refuge island. But in the end, she decided to go back and further push things forward. During this period, other Quakers were arrested for violating the exile regulations, but the colony hesitated to hang because the previous hanging was caused by strong public opinion across the pond. In view of this, Dale believes that if they return to the colony, they will either force * * * to change the Quaker execution law, or they will be forced to execute a woman, and there is no other crime except being a Quaker. Because the execution of male Quakers has always been controversial, it will be a public relations nightmare for the colonies.
1660 In May, she returned to the colony. More than a week later, Dell was taken to Governor John endicott and recorded the following conversation:
Endicott: Are you Mary Dale who has been here before?
Day: I think he and Mary Dale are the same person. She went to the ordinary court.
Endicott: You will have a Quaker, won't you?
Dale: I admit that I was accused.
Endicott: The last ordinary court sentenced you; Now use the same method-you must go back to prison until nine o'clock tomorrow; Then you must hang you.
Dell: It's just you.
What endicott said before: But it will be implemented now. Therefore, you should be ready at nine o'clock tomorrow.
Dale: I came to the general court in accordance with God's will, hoping that you would abolish the unfair law that you were expelled because of the pain of death; This is also my present job and my sincere request, although I have told you that if you refuse to abolish these laws, God will send others to witness their crimes among his servants. On June 1660 and June 1 day, she found a lasso around her neck. But colonial * * * still don't want to hang her. If she only repents of her evil deeds, give her a chance to escape hanging. According to reports, she replied: "No, I can't; Because I came according to the will of the Lord God, I came according to his will, and I will die till I die. "
When she was told that her blood was on her head, she said,
No, I'm here to stop you from seeing bloody crimes. Please abolish the unjust and unjust laws that expel the innocent servants of the Lord because of death. Therefore, my blood will be in your hands, and you will shed it on purpose. But those who do this are pure in heart, and I ask the Lord to forgive them. I'm here to carry out my father's will, and in order to obey his will, I even stand to the death.
Finally, her supporters were kicked out, and the colony drove Mary Dale away once and for all.
This is not the result that the Puritan leaders wanted. The news of Mary Dale's execution spread all over England like wildfire, which was the result of a special religious persecution (including the later hanging of William Ledra). 166 1 year, King charles ii stepped in and demanded the execution or arrest of people just because they were Quakers.
As a solution, the colony passed the "Transport and Tail Act". Quakers were not arrested because they were Quakers, but were stripped naked and dragged to town by wheelbarrows when they were whipped. They may be dragged to another town in the colony for the same treatment. This situation was repeated until they found themselves impolitely placed in a pool of blood outside the colony. Unfortunately, not everyone can survive in the mode of transportation.
This finally attracted the attention of the British rulers and promulgated further laws to prohibit such atrocities. However, it is reported that this behavior lasted for decades until public sentiment, together with a series of royal decrees, more or less ended this blatant legal persecution of Quakers.
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