Establishment of Governor of Water Transportation
Grain transportation has existed since ancient times, and so have officials and officials who manage it. At the beginning, there was no separate official for water affairs, because it was a normal work within the business scope of the relevant government and was completed by them according to regulations. Even if there are special needs, the temporary establishment and promotion of officials refer to immediate establishment and revocation, not permanent institutions. Since the Tang Dynasty, special officials have been set up, but most of them are led by other officials, and there are few full-time officials. On the other hand, the governor of grain transportation established in the Ming Dynasty not only set up full-time grain transportation officials, but also took them as official posts. He holds other positions in order to better accomplish the task of transporting grain.
In the early Ming Dynasty, there was no governor of grain transportation, but a department of grain transportation in Gyeonggi was established following the method of Yuan Dynasty. In the first year of Hongwu (1368), he was appointed as the ambassador of grain transportation. He was only a four-level official. Because the world's rich food is mostly in the south, and the capital is in Nanjing, the water service is not busy, and it will be abolished in 14 years. Judy became emperor and planned to move the capital to Beijing. In the second year of Yongle (1404), the general officer of grain transportation was set up to be responsible for the management of grain transportation. At that time, there were also lieutenants and grain delivery generals, who led loyalists to sea with the company commanders. Later, shipping was abolished, and it was specially supervised by inland river transportation. Because water transport is inseparable from the river, in the first year of Tianshun (1457), the general officer of water transport was also in charge of the river. Caohe has a whole set of people transporting grain, and all provinces have general managers. General Manager of Tianshun 12: Nanjing 2, Jiangnan Zhili 2, Jiangbei Zhili 2, Zhongdu 1, Zhejiang 2, Shandong 1, Huguang 1, Jiangxi 1. The General Command of Grain Transportation and the General Command of Grain Transportation are under the command of 12 General Command, and the grain transportation in each health center is divided into different departments. The president of 12 leads 127600 people and carries 1 1700 ships. There is also a general company covering the ocean, with 7,000 people and 350 seagoing ships, specializing in the transportation of food by sea. The president of this 13 is Yunjun. Guards (called garrison in Qing Dynasty) and commanders of thousands of families are always in charge of these guards. They are officials who specially escort oil tankers to transport grain.
The first general of water transportation was Pingjiang Jue (1365— 1433), who was responsible for the whole water transportation, including sea transportation, river transportation and land transportation. Sea transportation is carried out by sea, while river transportation follows the road of the early Yuan Dynasty, from the South Canal to the northwest, across the Yellow River, to Beijing by land and water. From the ninth year of Yongle, Huitong River was completed, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal was restored, the sea and land transportation were abolished, and river transportation was used alone. Since then, Chen Xuan has built a large number of water conservancy projects along the railway, especially in Huai 'an. For example, following the old road of Qiaoshahe in Song Dynasty, Qingjiangpu was completed, avoiding the risk of five dams being barge and Huaihe River being flooded.
In the meantime, Hsuanchan was on the move, basically without a fixed office. Huai 'an is the middle section of the Grand Canal, where Huanghuai meets, and it is the key to the whole water transportation. Later, the canal management was ready, and Chen Xuan spent most of his time in Huai 'an. Therefore, in the second year of Xuande (1427), the generals of the imperial court opened Huai 'an and added the title of "guarding Huai 'an", so they were also called generals guarding Huai 'an. Chen Xuan was in charge of grain transportation for 30 years, which laid the foundation of grain transportation in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Xuande died in Huai 'an in the eighth year (1433). Most of the people who took over the command of grain transportation were descendants of the founding heroes, and they were hereditary marquis or earl. Hsuanchan family has four people who have held this position. They are Chen Xuan himself, his great-grandson Chen Rui, his great-grandson Chen Xiong and his six-generation grandson Chen Wangmo. Although his grandson, Chen Yu, never served as a general of grain transportation, he went to Jiangbei and Lu Yu with Jiang Yuan in Jingtai for five years (1454) to inspect the floods and asked the court to build Huai 'an Moon City to protect Changyingcang. He also contributed to the transportation of water. Huai 'an people are very grateful to Chen Xuan and built a temple for him in Qingjiangpu.
During Xuande's reign, the affairs of grain transportation became increasingly busy, which involved the administrative and military affairs of various provinces extensively and required a lot of coordination work, which could not be completed by a military and political minister. To this end, the imperial court often temporarily dispatched civil servants such as assistant minister Du Fu, Li Fu, Li Fu, etc. to participate in the supervision of grain transportation. In the second year of Jingtai (145 1), the court thought that the participation of civil servants must be normalized. At the beginning, promising Wang Hong was appointed as the governor of grain transportation, lived in Huai 'an, and jointly managed grain transportation with Chen Wu, commonly known as the "Second Military Academy". Their division of labor is that the civil servants are responsible for collecting the applied grain together with the grain routes of the provinces in accordance with the regulations, and Chen Wu is responsible for escorting them back to Beijing, which is the so-called "Du Wen urges them and Wudu transports them".
Title and duty of governor of grain transportation
The full name of the governor of grain transportation in Ming Dynasty is generally "an imperial advisor of Duchayuan, governor of grain transportation, military affairs prefect and governor of Fengyang".
The first topic is "Duchayuan Duyushi". Most of them are censors with the word "right", because under normal circumstances, Zuo censors are responsible for the normal affairs of Beijing Douchayuan, so they cannot be added with the word "left". Sometimes it is a hint of capital, and the hint of capital is a lower level, probably because the newcomers are junior. Although the title of Duyushi is a bit empty, it can't participate in the normal affairs of Duchayuan, but it can impeach and punish the civil and military officials in its jurisdiction like other Duyushi. Because the governor of grain transportation is an inter-provincial official, this title is very important to him.
The second title is "Governor of Cao Yun", which is his core responsibility. The governor of grain transportation is stationed in Yang Shan, and the governor is in charge of grain transportation affairs in the world. In Huguang, Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, and Nanzhili (known as Jiangnan in Qing Dynasty), the governor of grain transportation is in charge of collecting grain to be adjusted. When grain ships from these provinces arrive in Huai 'an, they have to go through the inspection of the governor of grain transportation before they can go north through the canal. Although the grain carriers in Shandong and Henan provinces do not pass through here, they must also be supervised by subordinate officials in accordance with the unified requirements of the grain supervisor and do a good job in transporting grain on time.
The third topic is Military Affairs of the Prefect. Like the governors of other provinces, he has certain military power. In Ming Dynasty, the governor of grain transportation was in charge of Yingzhou Army Defence Road, Xuzhou Army Defence Road and Huaiyang Haiphong Road, leaving seven guards, namely Fengyang, Tang Hong, Luzhou, Gaoyou, Yizheng, Chuzhou, Xuzhou, Huai 'an, Dahe, Pizhou, Yizhou, Sizhou, Shouzhou, Suzhou and Haizhou. Therefore, the governor of grain transportation is called handsome, handsome and handsome. He has military gates, including Zhong Jun, Zuo Ying, Right Camp and City Camp. The guards of Huai 'an City where he is located do not need the supervision of local governments such as Shanyang County and Huai 'an Prefecture, but the governor's grain transportation department is responsible for the garrison in the city, and the local government only assists. In case of war, you can also mobilize troops within your jurisdiction, such as Yangzhou camp and Xuzhou camp. Sometimes, the imperial court also expanded its military strength because of the need. According to the Ming History (Volume 2 1), Xu Bing was appointed in February of the first year of Jiajing (1522). Because of the peasant uprising in Shandong province, the emperor ordered the governor to remonstrate and say, "You might as well do your original job and be the Shandong satrap with Lv Gang, the company commander."
The fourth topic is Governor Fengyang and other places. In other words, he also serves as the governor, managing a place like an ordinary governor. Because Fengyang was the hometown of the Ming emperor, although Huai 'an was definitely opened, it was called Fengyang, not Huai 'an. But sometimes people still call him "Huaifu" instead of "Fengfu". "Pingchu" refers to Huai 'an Prefecture, Yangzhou Prefecture, Fengyang Prefecture and Luzhou Prefecture, as well as Hezhou, Chuzhou and Xuzhou, which are collectively called four prefectures and three states. Luzhou Prefecture, Hezhou and Chuzhou are in Anhui today, and Luzhou Prefecture is in Hefei today. It includes the whole middle and lower reaches of Huaihe River north of the Yangtze River. Although his jurisdiction overlaps with that of Nanzhili, he is still responsible for the affairs within his jurisdiction. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang set fire to Fengyang, and Cao Taishou Yang's head. So Huai 'an seems to be a province. Governor of grain transportation is both a professional official and a provincial official, while Huai 'an is a quasi-provincial city. Governor Cao Yun, like other governors, should be the prime minister of the province's military and political affairs, including supervising money and grain, training military forces, repairing cities, appeasing the military and civilians, and prohibiting political reform and treachery. If there is a war, you can transfer troops and organize preparations. Officials who are incompetent or don't listen to orders, civil servants below the fifth grade and Wu Zhi below the fourth grade, can ask questions, even engage in military law. As for impeachment, it is a piece of cake that a junior official is demoted and killed.
In fact, there is a governor in front of Huai 'an, and there is a governor who transports grain behind. Before the governor shipped water, there was a governor in Huai 'an. "Ming Shi Zhuan Canal Cao" has been published for twenty-four years: Geng Jiuchou, the first year of Jingtai (1450) 10, the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Justice, and the governor of Fengyang. He said: "In the past, I was ordered to inspect the salt law, and now I am specially appointed as the governor of Fengyang, Huai 'an, Yangzhou, Luzhou, Chu, Xu and Hezhou to help the people. "Its scope is the same as that of the later governor and the governor of grain transportation.
The affairs of the governor of grain transportation are already busy enough. In such a big place, it is often too busy to have a governor, so it is often necessary to set up another governor. Chenghua was divided into eight years and merged in the second year, Zheng De was divided into thirteen years and merged in sixteen years. In the thirty-sixth year of Jiajing, due to the harassment of the enemy, another governor was set up, with Li Sui as his post. After the enemy subsided, it was cut and merged for another forty years. In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, it split again until the Ming Dynasty.
There are also some titles:
In charge of the river. When the governor of water transport was first established in the early Ming Dynasty, he was also in charge of rivers, that is, canals, the Yellow River and other rivers. Later, there was a governor in charge of the river, and he no longer served. However, when there is a dispute about this river, the manager of this river is often in charge of this river. So did the Qing Dynasty. When the river governor is away, he often serves as the governor of grain transportation.
And manage coastal defense. This title began in the Ming Dynasty with Yang. In the sixth year of Chongzhen (1633), he served as the governor of grain transportation, and the title was finally added with the words "concurrently in charge of coastal defense". Eight years (1635), after he was arrested, his successor Zhu Dadian also had it. In seventeen years (1644), when Tian Yang was the governor of grain transportation, he also held this position. But in the Qing dynasty, it became a fixed duty.
In the Qing dynasty, the responsibilities of the governor of grain transportation were different. In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), only the suggestion of grain transportation was made, and the governor of grain transportation was established in May of the following year, and he was still stationed in Huai 'an, but he no longer served as the governor of Fengyang. In the sixth year of Shunzhi (1647), he was still the governor of Cao Yun and Lu Feng, imitating the Ming Dynasty. Sixteen years later, the governor of Jiangbei was set up, and the governor of grain transportation was in charge of grain transportation and no longer served as the governor. Later, he was dismissed as the governor of Jiangbei Province, and he is still the governor of Cao Yun. But instead of sealing Fengyang and Jiangbei, it was renamed Huaiyang, and the military affairs of the prefect remained unchanged, and the titles of coastal defense and grain were added. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), because of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolution, the situation was tense, and the governor of grain transportation was authorized to control the officials in Jiangbei Town and Daodao. In the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), it was changed to the Governor of Jiangbei, and a new province, Jianghuai Province, was formally established, which was abolished the following year.
In the early Qing Dynasty, although the governor of water transport was set up in imitation of the Ming Dynasty, the new ruler was a little uneasy when he set up the cabinet, so in the third year of Shunzhi (1646), the Hall of Water Transport Management was added. One of the assistant ministers of Manchuria became the prime minister and supervised the grain transportation together with the governor of grain transportation, which was called "Xiang Wu". In fact, it is an institution that supervises the governor of grain transportation, and its power is far stronger than that of grain transportation. According to Wu Yuxi's record of Yang Shan, this is a courtesy to those who started to be an official. "When I first entered China, I couldn't speak and my temperament was different. I don't care about official business. Everything is his wife's responsibility. Those who are associated with Liang are violent and cruel, and they collude with each other inside and outside. From Yin and Yang, they regard thieves as good citizens. " Because it was a redundant organization, it did a lot of unpopular things, and Shunzhi was abolished for eight years (165 1). /kloc-resumed in 0/3 year (1656), and 18 year (166 1) was permanently abolished. Water management is still in the exclusive charge of the water governor. The yamen of the Water Transport Department is in Huai 'an New Town. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Liu Zeqing sealed Dongpingbo and changed it into a vassal state by using Dahewei's official residence. Wu Ming and Liu Zeqing were beheaded, so they were appointed by the vassal government. Yunliangtang is a special product of a special period, which only existed for more than ten years.
Subordinate institutions of the Governor's Office of Caoyun
In order to meet the transportation demand, Changying Warehouse established a number of warehouses along the canal in Yongle period to facilitate the storage and transshipment of grain at any time, mainly in Huai 'an, Xuzhou, Dezhou and Linqing. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development sends four responsible persons to the above four warehouses every year. It was built in Qingjiangpu in the 13th year of Yongle (14 15). Most of the officials are literati, and they often get together to sing. Among them, Zhu Lin and Wu Cheng'en have a poetic relationship. There is also a delivery kiosk in the warehouse. Cheng wrote a delivery kiosk to express his feelings that life is like a post station. Wu Ruao and others also compiled a book "Long tassels and pale branches". Wanli Huai 'an County Records has been published for 3 years. There were three official halls, six warehouses, three experience halls, and more than 0/00 rooms in/kloc, which were surrounded by walls and had an annual storage of more than 700,000 stones. After that, the grain transportation was stopped, and all of them used the military Ding Changyun, but the transshipment system was stopped, and Changyingcang fell for a long time. The Record of Ming Muzong has been published for 64 years. In the fifth year (157 1)65438+ February, Wang Jian, the governor of grain transportation, proposed to resume grain transportation, and all the grain in Huai 'an county was stored in the warehouse. In the coming year, Huai 'an will leave Beijing by sea, and more than 80 warehouses in Chang Ying will be rebuilt due to the appointment of officials. But after the end of the year, the shipment stopped, the warehouse was vacant and useless, and the warehouse officials did nothing. In the eighth year of Wanli (1580), the court handed over the four taxes and business taxes of Huai 'an Prefecture to the warehouse for collection, so the warehouse began to collect taxes. In the 9th year of Kangxi (1670), all tax businesses were merged into Huaiguan, and Changyingcang was completely abolished.
Pumping plant. In the early Ming Dynasty, Pu set up Qingjiang and Weihe No.2 factories to supervise the construction and transportation of ships, and appointed a member of the Ministry of Industry and Water Affairs to supervise and manage them. At that time, most of the shipyards used for canal water transportation were located in Shanyang County, Huai 'an Prefecture, and more than 560 shipyards were built every year, costing 52,000 silver. At that time, there were many shops dealing in shipbuilding materials such as nails, iron, oil and hemp near the shipyard, with Huai' an River as the most. Zhang Fen Lane, Bamboo Lane, Rope Lane, Copper Lane and Nail Iron Lane under the river are also named after this. The affiliation of shipyards is constantly changing. At the beginning, Ming Chengzu ordered Chen Xuan to manage directly. Later, there were four general factories in Nanjing, Shandong, Fengyang and Zhili. The branch factories of each general factory are in charge of health officials and are in charge of water medicine of the Ministry of Industry. During Jiajing period, the Weihe River Lifting Department was abolished, and all the projects were undertaken by Qingjiang Lifting Department. The lifting part of Qingjiang River is located between Banzha and Shifengmen. Later, this power was handed over to the Governor of Grain Transportation, who selected competent health stations to direct the ship administration, and took health station officials such as Qianhu, Baihu and Zhen Fu as the leaders of various factories. In the forty years of Wanli (16 12), Chen Jian, governor of grain transportation, proposed to set up two shipping administrations, Donghe and Xihe, to manage all shipyard affairs. Donghe Shipping Department is in the charge of colleagues in Huai 'an Prefecture, and Xihe Department is in the charge of colleagues in Yangzhou Prefecture. (The lack of the country was recorded in March of the forty-first year of Wanli.) Donghe Hall manages Nanjing and Shandong No.2 General Factory, while Xihe Hall manages Fengyang and Zhili No.2 General Factory. These two shipping offices are located in Qingjiangpu. In the Qing dynasty, the situation changed again. In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), Nanjing factory was changed to Jiangning factory, and Zhili factory was changed to Jiangnan factory. The shipbuilding business of Jiangning Factory was transferred to Longjiang Shipyard, and other shipyards were set up and closed from time to time. In the seventh year of Kangxi (1668), Xihe Hall was merged into Donghe Hall. In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), the Qing government completely closed all the shipyards here and terminated the government-run shipbuilding industry here for nearly 300 years. However, its dock has existed for a long time. When Emperor Qianlong crossed the Huaihe River in the south of the Yangtze River, most of his dragon boats were moored in Zhili Factory. At that time, the Ministry of Industry also collected taxes, and all bamboo and wood used for shipbuilding were taxed at 30%. Depending on the quantity of goods, there is no limit at first, about 12000 taels per year. Later, some of them took part in the tanker, in order to win points, envy and money on board. Those who work part-time in river engineering will be given a total of 565.438+025.438+0 silver for gate, stone price, beam head, deduction of profits and folding of husband's fame. In the 9th year of Kangxi (1670), the factory was abolished after being merged into Huaiguan.
There are two people in charge of the river, one in Anping Town, one in Gaoyou and one in Jining South. Jining is a demarcation point. Later, a river captain was set up and stationed here from the beginning.
Guan Hong. The Ministry of Industry sent two principals, one in Xuzhou Hong and the other in Lu. Xu Erhong and Lu Erhong are the throats of the river, and Chen Xuan carved stones to clear the river. Although there is an order in orthodoxy that "the governor's grain transport officer shall not appoint Wu Yi to be in charge of the dam", the grain transport company commanders and generals always pay attention to the maintenance and management of the Huaihe River flood every year. The speed of the second flood in Tang Festival is too fast, which is very easy to damage ships. A weir was built upstream to force water back to the Moon River, and a sluice was built in Henan to store water. Build two dams with big stones and iron ingots to support them.
Pipe brake. The Ministry of Industry sent two principals, one in Pei County and the other in Jining.
Guan quan. The Ministry of Industry sent a person in charge to Ningyang.
Later, there was a river governor, and the river officials who managed factories, floods, gates and springs were gradually placed under the jurisdiction of the river governor.
Manage punishment. Sent by the punishments, in Huai' an, Zheng De, "Huai' an Prefecture Records" Volume 6 records, "in the southwest corner of the mansion. There are 3 purlins, 3 back halls, 6 wing rooms, 3 tea rooms, 3 study rooms, 3 scroll rooms, and a tablet pavilion 1 seat, which is located on the east side of the gate. There are three shrines to the west of the gate. There are 3 instrument doors, 3 gates and 1 wall. "There used to be a street of punishments in Huaian city, probably right there. Huai 'an has no such street name today, but it is located at the western end of West Street in Dayu City. It was very close to the canal in those days, and it was convenient to get in and out. Other departments have no right to ask about water transport cases, and they have to be handled by this yamen.
Carry two people, one in Qingjiangpu and the other in Linqing. Qingjiang Lifting Company was established in September of the first year of orthodoxy, and its land was used to supervise the construction and transportation of ships after moving the wind fence.
The above-mentioned officials sent by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development or the Ministry of Punishment basically rotate once a year, and some rotate once every three years. They still belong to the original department and are appointed and removed by the original department, but at the same time they are managed and controlled by the governor of grain transportation, assisting the governor of grain transportation in handling various related affairs, just like the temporary comprehensive management working group and office today.
Huai Xu Lu was established in Zhengde for six years, sometimes in Huai 'an and sometimes in Xuzhou.
Huaiyang Road, Huaihai Road, etc. Company commanders mansion's official position in the Ming Dynasty was originally transported by water. See the section on Company commanders mansion's transportation by water.
Cao Chudao participated in politics. At the end of the year, Wang Bu-zheng, a Shandong envoy who practiced maritime transportation and was keen on maritime transportation, was promoted to secretariat. In the first month of the sixth year of Qin Long (1572), Wang said that it was troublesome to carry out transportation services, and it was appropriate to add officials to take charge of them. As a result, Pan Yunduan, a political commissar of Shandong Province, was moved to Huai 'an to take charge of grain transportation. This is the first time that Cao Chudao participated in politics. This position was vacant at the beginning of Kangxi, and 49 people held this position before and after. At the same time of this reform, it was decided to reduce the participants in the grain transport cooperative. This move took a step forward for the civil servants to supervise the water transport alone, and laid the foundation for the subsequent revocation of Huai' an water transport company commander. (Mu Zong in the Ming Dynasty, Volume 65) The Cao Chu Daoist Department was built in Qin Long in six years, south of the government and north of Shanyang County School. (Wanli Huai 'an County Records, Volume III)
Huaihai garrison road was established in the second year of the apocalypse (1622). In charge of guarding Yang Shan, Qinghe, Taoyuan, Haizhou, Ganyu, Yancheng and other places, and stationed in Huai 'an Fucheng. (Guangxu's "Huai 'an Fuzhi" Volume 10) The Military Command Department is in the southwest of Fuzhi, and Shanyang County is learning from the west. (Wanli Huai 'an County Records, Volume III)
Chen Wu withdrew, and the Governor of Grain Transportation was in charge of grain independently.
The generals guarding Huai 'an grain transportation are all of high rank, mostly descendants of the founding lords and ministers of the Ming Dynasty. They inherited their father's father's Lord, so they can become servants. The Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty called it "super quality", that is, above the Nine Grades and Eighteen Grades, far higher than the civil servants of the same position. Although their work and the governor of grain transportation are not subordinate to each other, they only coordinate with each other, but when meeting and visiting each other, the military attache has always been above the civilian. This is related to their official rank and political status. In addition, Cao Zheng was originally managed by Chen Wu, which may also be related. The advanced door is the biggest!
There are similarities and differences in the levels of governors in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Similarities are provincial officials who are in charge of military, political and judicial affairs in one province or several provinces, or specialize in them; The difference is that the governor of the Ming Dynasty was an official sent by the central government. Although he works in the local area, he is still an official of Douchayuan. "Official History of the Ming Dynasty" records that "in addition to the titles of suggestion, deputy suggestion and deputy suggestion, there are also governors, magistrates, governors, magistrates and governors." This is obviously an admission that the title of "Imperial Advisor of Douchayuan" is an additional title, but the nature and scope of responsibilities of the post of Governor are still the same as those of other Douchayuan. There are different official records of the history of the Qing Dynasty, and the governor described it as a "foreign official". "History of the Ming Dynasty" does not talk about the rank of the governor alone, but only about the rank of the governor and the governor, from the second grade to the third grade. The meaning of the governor. The Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty said that "the governor accompanied the taste", which was the same as that of the six ministers of the Central Committee. The governor did not make it clear. In fact, these grades are just a similar law. In fact, it is not fixed, and it is not necessarily the governor or the level of the governor. It also depends on qualifications, mainly on his rank before promotion, which turned out to be a few products, and then gradually improved his level. Therefore, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the governor of water transport was from one product to two products, and the second, third and even third products were the lowest. Generally speaking, it is equivalent to six assistant ministers, and some governors of grain transportation have the title of assistant minister of Ministry of Industry or Ministry of War. However, their status is the same as that of the six ministers.
Although the rank of civil servants is low, their political management and coordination ability are given priority. Later, the governor of grain transportation was basically in charge, and the role of military attache gradually weakened. Especially after the establishment of the water storage canal, the escort affairs were also taken care of directly by the civil servants and the general manager, which made the military attache appear dispensable and its political status declined, and it was bound to gradually withdraw from the historical stage.
During the Wanli period, there was a governor of grain transportation named Li Sancai, who was the longest-serving governor of grain transportation in Ming and Qing Dynasties. From twenty-seven to thirty-nine years of Wanli, he served as the governor of grain transportation 12 years, which goes without saying. He dealt with affairs with dignity and fortitude, which dealt a blow to the prestige of Chen Zeng and other mine tax inspectors, implemented many policies to benefit the people, won the support of the people, and his reputation gradually spread far and wide, and his title was also promoted to Minister of Finance. He was the representative of radical intellectuals at that time. He is known as "the words are enough to make the worldly taboo without any risk, the merits are enough to make the upright people great without any surprise, and the winds are enough to make the upright, stubborn and cowardly for thousands of years without their height", so he has become the most famous local official and the most vocal person in the cabinet. Wang is the grandson, who was the company commander of grain transportation at that time. Although he was appointed as the company commander of Huai 'an Water Transport Company in August of the 20th year of Wanli (1592), he was inexperienced and weak. Li Sancai was "angry above", but Wang did not dare to resist, so he had to "move below" and changed the tradition of servility. (Qianlong's "Huai 'an Prefecture Records Water Transport in Past Dynasties"). Soon, because shipping has stopped, civil servants can complete river transportation without military attache to supervise transportation. In the fortieth year of Wanli (16 12), Wang reported to his family that the imperial court cancelled the vacancy of the company commander of grain transportation and no longer sent officials. ("Huai 'an Wanli Supplement" Volume 7 "Soldier") In the last years of Chongzhen, Hou Zhu Guobi of Funing was sent to Huai 'an to guard, mainly to deal with peasant rebels, and had nothing to do with grain transportation. Since then, the situation of civil and military colleges has ended, and the governor of grain transportation has become the governor of grain transportation in a complete sense.
General and Governor of Grain Transportation
Company commanders mansion in Huai 'an is located on the west side of Nanmen Street in Huai 'an, which was rebuilt by Peng Yuan, then the magistrate of Huai 'an, using the former site of Huang San Temple in Song and Yuan Dynasties. There are still many garrisons around, so it was called Yong 'an Camp in Ming Dynasty. At that time, Chen Xuan's mansion was here, with a private residence in the west and a residence in the east, which is the company commander's residence. This place has been changed into Chuzhou Hotel. In those days, there were five purlins in Company commanders mansion, with a flat forehead in the middle, which was called "General Hall of Grain Transportation". There are also five back halls, and the plaque says "Don't bully". In addition, there are dozens of rooms and warehouses, as well as instrument doors, gates and zhaobi. (Zheng De's Records of Huai 'an Prefecture, Volume 6) Because the owner of this mansion is either a duke or an earl, naturally there should be a style as deep as the sea.
But then there was a new Company commanders mansion, located in the east of Huai 'an Prefecture. At that time, the original mansion was called Fu Nan, and the newly-built mansion was called Beifu. Ming Wanli's Records of Huai 'an Prefecture (Volume III) said: "Company commanders mansion II and I went west at the south gate of the old city and merged with the Governor's Duchayuan. When Chen Gongxiang was guarding, the magistrate Peng Yuan was in Chenghua for five years, and the magistrate Yang Yunxiu, now called. One is to govern the east in Huai 'an Prefecture, called Beifu, and live in it. In the first year of Wanli, Lingbi Houtang Palace was grandly renovated. "
Later, when the grain company commanders were abolished, Company commanders mansion became various institutions. "Huai 'an Wanli Zhi" Volume 7 says: "Cao Yun is guarding Company commanders mansion, one in the south gate of the county and the other in the east of the county. Today it is changed to Donghuai Road. " Volume II of Tongyi's Shanyang County Records records: "Huaiyang Road Department is located in the east of the city, belonging to Company commanders mansion, followed by Shipping, Huaihai and Huaiyang Road Department." It is also recorded in Volume V of Yuhua: "Huaiyang Road was originally stationed in Fucheng, and moved to Qingjiangpu in 58 years after Qianlong. In the ninth year of Jiaqing, the abolished company was changed to Fu You Dijun Temple, commonly known as Lvzu Temple. The situation is vast. At the beginning, I went to the Taoist temple from the north, for example, the small dam turned to the city river boat, entered the North Shuiguan, and landed at Lvzushe. There are flag pavilions and pubs on both sides of the strait, and the business is extremely prosperous. From North Gate East to Tofu Lane, to Dongshi Shenqu, Candle Street and Taishan Temple. The left and right are called "the back of the road" and the east is called "the east of the road". Since the abolition of Daobu, melon beds have been highly anticipated.
Why is there a new Company commanders mansion company? May be related to the governor of grain transportation, which was built in the west of Company commanders mansion. Due to the expansion of the Governor's Mansion or other reasons, Company commanders mansion was excluded, and this place gradually became a unified country of the Governor's Mansion. The new house is located at the eastern end of Dongmen Street where Huai 'an House is located, and later changed to Huaiyang Road Office. In Qing Dynasty, it was changed to Fu You Dijun Temple, commonly known as Lv Zushe. After liberation, it was changed into a factory. Today, there is no trace. Gan Long's Records of Huai 'an Prefecture (volume 1 1) said: "Huaiyang Road Department was first established in Company commanders mansion, then in Haiyuan Road, and now it is Huaiyang Road Department. Qianlong/kloc-rebuilt in 0/2 years. There are 2 drum pavilions, 3 instrument doors, 3 lobbies, 3 halls, 7 back halls, 7 bedrooms, 5 halls, 6 halls, 7 wings and 3 seven-star buildings. "
When Chen Xuan was appointed as the company commander of grain transportation, he lived on the west side of Company commanders mansion. Chen Xiong was the commander-in-chief of grain transportation in Zhengde for five years, which offended Liu Jin. The house was confiscated and auctioned at the price of 14400 Liang. The residence of Chen Xuanhou's company commander is not here. Because the house is Chen's private property even if it is not confiscated, of course, we have to find another place to live. Zheng De's "Huai 'an County Records" Volume 6 said: "The general's office is in the four pavilions in the east of the government. "I don't know where Siwangting is today. Some people say that New Company commanders mansion is the official residence of the chief grain transport company commander of the Ming Dynasty. So today's Huaiyang Daoism site should be the location of Siwangting.
Where is the official office of General Grain Delivery? There is only one record in Volume 7 of Wanli Huai 'an Prefecture Records: "General Cao Yun's mansion is in the west of the county seat. Qin Long has been in business for six years. "Six years ago in Qin Long, there was only one court in Huai 'an, namely the Governor's Office of Grain Transportation. In the west, when in the west of today's Tea Garden Street. There is also an article in Volume 6 of Zheng De's Records of Huai 'an County, which says: "The general's office used to be in Yuwenfang, and Zheng De changed it in the eleventh year." Whether the mansions of the Senate are together and whether the study room is located in the west street of Chayuan is impossible to verify.
Governor Cao Yun has three sites in Huai 'an. The first Governor's Office was located on the west side of Company commanders mansion, facing south side by side with Company commanders mansion. It is said that the Governor's Office of Grain Transportation and the General Armament Department of Grain Transportation are "two departments are interlinked, and one department is in charge, which is collectively called Shuai Fu". This used to be the former residence of Chen Xuan. Because the governor of grain transportation has the title of Duchayuan, and the governor of grain transportation is called Duchayuan, this street is called Chayuan Street. Later, the governor's office of grain transportation moved away, and it was still the Chayuan, where the imperial censor was inspected, promoted, and stationed in Huai's yamen. Because there is a newly-built water transportation governor's office in the north, it is also called tea garden, so it is called South Tea Garden. In the Qing dynasty, an examination shed was set up here, where county, government and academy examinations were held to test young students and scholars.
In the 16th year of Jiajing, Zhou Jin, the governor of grain transportation, moved the governor's house to the east of Chenghuang Temple (now Chuzhou Radio, Film and Television Bureau), which was the second former site of the governor's house of grain transportation.
At the beginning of Wanli, the governor of grain transportation, Ling Yunyi, moved the governor's house to the center of Huai 'an, which is the former site of the governor's house of grain transportation preserved today. It was originally the Governor's Office of Huai 'an Road in Yuan Dynasty, and it was the official office of Chuzhou in Tang and Song Dynasties. Wanli's Annals of Huai 'an Prefecture says that the road will be built in six years. At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, it was built as Huai 'an government office, and later Hua Yunlong was Huai 'an government office, which belonged to Huai 'an government office. Wanli was taken back by the governor of grain transportation and became the official office of the governor's office of grain transportation, which was used until the late Qing Dynasty. The Records of Huai 'an Prefecture in Qianlong (volume 1 1) records 1 big zhaobi, 2 drum pavilions, 5 gates, 3 corner gates, 3 instrument gates, 5 lobbies, 5 nave, 4 east and west wings, 5 buildings, 5 back halls ... In addition, there is a calligraphy-style translation office and three archways. At the end of Guangxu, Jiangbei Army School was founded here, which trained a group of military talents. It has been a sports ground since the Republic of China. Now it has been excavated as an important cultural site for protection, and it is a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit.