The large-scale relocation of urban industrial enterprises has left a large number of brown plots that have not been "detoxified" and have been built into affordable housing, commercial housing and public facilities.

The new house that has been delivered for one year has been empty. Hong Zheng, a native of Wuhan, went to Jiangsu to work, and his family would rather spend 1200 yuan a month living in a rental house.

The predecessor of the community where the new house is located is a chemical plant, which has not been "detoxified" and was built first. This unrepaired contaminated site is called "poisonous land" by the media, but it has an elegant name in Europe and America: brown land.

Brown land is becoming a nightmare of China city. Southern Weekend reporter found that after a large number of industrial enterprises moved out of the city, the brown land left behind almost became a corner of the city that was not cleaned up, and even was regarded as "Tang monk meat" by some local governments and real estate developers without "decontamination", and affordable housing was built. The long-term toxicity of brown soil to human body, the United States had a painful lesson of deformed children as early as 1970 s.

In China, there are more people who know nothing about the historical data of residential land.

"Organic pollutants can slowly evaporate through the soil of the community. If you take your child for a walk in the community every day, the impact will be even greater. "

As night falls, about half of the houses in Hong Zheng's "Wuhan Huangpu Family Yangtze Pearl Affordable Housing Community" (hereinafter referred to as Yangtze Pearl Community) have no lights. Many people, like Hong Zheng, are afraid to move into a new house.

This is an affordable housing community. Among more than 2,400 households, 60% are affordable housing owners. They have dreamed of owning a house of their own for years.

Han Han, 27, is the owner of affordable housing. This 93-square-meter rough house exhausted the parents' life savings and borrowed100000. When the family was about to end their separated life in the two places, they learned through the news that on October 30th, 2065438+00165438/kloc-0, the community was built on a poisonous land.

"At that time, I collapsed, and my family bought a poison room with my life savings." Han Han said.

The land in the Pearl Community of the Yangtze River has been polluted for nearly 60 years. Its predecessor was Wuhan Jiu 'an Pharmaceutical Factory and Wuhan Changjiang Chemical Factory. 1997 Changjiang chemical plant stopped production, and an enterprise produced electroplating additives here. In March 2009, the EIA report of the Institute of Environmental Assessment of China Geo University (Wuhan) showed that the products produced on this plot for many years were fluorine chemical products and electroplating additives, most of which were toxic or highly toxic.

This is a typical brown plot, a "toxic land" polluted by industrial enterprises and in urgent need of detoxification.

Heavy metals, electronic waste, petrochemical organic pollutants and persistent organic pollutants are not far from urban residents. In particular, the latter two substances can slowly volatilize through the soil and pipes of flower beds, poisoning the human body, and the toxic release can last for hundreds of years, and serious polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can cause cancer. They can also harm more people through groundwater.

"If you take your children for a walk in the community every day, the impact will be even greater." Gao Shengda, executive editor of China Environmental Restoration Network, said.

"Only a large-scale mass pollution incident can attract enough attention." Gao said. There have been lessons abroad, the most famous of which is the poisoning incident in Ralph Canal community in the United States.

1978 In the spring, a mother named Lois Gibbs discovered that her often sick son was related to Ralph Canal near the community. This canal used to be a big dump full of chemical waste. Subsequent investigation found that 56% of children born in Rafe Canal community had birth defects between 1974 and 1978. The abortion rate of women in Ralph Canal community has increased by 300% compared with that before moving in.

It was not until more than a year after the construction of the Yangtze River Pearl Community that Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau approved that "the project site selection did not meet the environmental protection requirements". At this point, the community has been basically completed. After that, the developer leveled the original soil, covered it with a layer of geomembrane, and then afforested it. On September 20 10, the plot finally passed the environmental assessment acceptance of Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center Station.

It is not uncommon for brown plots to become affordable housing. In Guangzhou, the former Guangzhou Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant and the former South Iron and Steel Plant have all built affordable housing, as well as the third chemical plant in Beijing, Hongshi Paint Factory, and so on.

Affordable housing is just the tip of the iceberg. Gao Shengda introduced that the media thought that the government had given these lands to the poor. "But this is not the case. More have been transformed into ordinary commercial housing. Because the land is developed into commercial housing, the benefits can be maximized. " Luo Yongming, deputy director of Yantai Coastal Zone Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, also found through investigation that a large number of brown plots were used for real estate development.

Gao Shengda, for example, said that in March 2006, Wuhan Sanjiang Aerospace Real Estate Company won the "Heshan 00 1" plot to build commercial housing. This plot with a total area of 280 mu is only 20 minutes' drive from the center of Wuhan. However, the workers were poisoned the next year. After investigation, the developer realized that this land originally belonged to pesticide plant, a typical brown plot.

China's attention to brown land began with the poisoning incident of three workers.

On April 28th, 2004, at the construction site of Beijing Songjiazhuang subway project, three workers were poisoned by digging deep soil. The accident site was originally in pesticide plant, which was later merged by a paint factory. "At that time, there was no concept of soil remediation, and the polluted soil was dug away. But this incident made everyone realize that there are potential risks in industrial land. " Gao Shengda said.

European and American countries generally carried out soil remediation in the1980s, while China only carried out it in a few cities in recent five years, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing. And only these cities have issued local documents, which have considerable limitations. For example, many cities hand over renovation projects to local enterprises.

But more cities, including Wuhan, have not yet established corresponding mechanisms. Just like the "Pearl of the Yangtze River", some brownfields are only valued after media exposure or poisoning incidents.

In 2007, Nanjing Lejuya Community was boycotted by consumers as soon as it opened, because it was built on the original site of Nanjing Chemical Fiber Factory and was not repaired. In 2008, some plots of the former Guangzhou Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant were planned as affordable housing land. After being exposed by the media, the Guangzhou municipal government had to spend 6 million yuan to repair it. This is called the first case of soil remediation in Guangzhou.