On August 2 1927 and 2 1 day, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China affirmed that "workers, peasants and soldiers represent the Soviet Union, which is a revolutionary form of political power", but still stressed: "At present, our party does not put forward the slogan of organizing the Soviet Union-in cities, villages and the army. Only when the Kuomintang's plan to organize the revolution has completely failed, and the revolution has indeed not been fully launched, should our party implement the establishment of the Soviet Union. At present, our party is organizing revolutionary workers and peasants riots under the banner of the left-wing Kuomintang, which is naturally limited to publicizing the significance of the Soviet Union. However, this kind of publicity should start now, and it should be done very properly and extensively. "
Until 1927 and 19 September, the Resolution on "Left-wing Kuomintang" and Soviet Slogans adopted by the Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee pointed out: "The task now is not only to publicize Soviet ideas, but also to establish the Soviet Union in the new upsurge of revolutionary struggle." At this point, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China accepted that the Soviet Union was a form of state power under the democratic dictatorship of workers and peasants, and took the establishment of Soviet power as the central task of the Party.
Since then, the form of political organization led by the * * * production party in China has changed from farmers' associations to representatives of workers, peasants and soldiers. Party organizations in Jinggangshan, Guangzhou, Huanggang and Macheng successively led the workers and peasants to arm themselves and established the Soviet Union representing the workers, peasants and soldiers. Among them, the first Soviet regime in China was the Hailufeng Soviet government founded by Peng Pai, who was called "the king of China peasant movement" by Mao Zedong. The most influential is the Soviet government in Guangzhou, led by Su, a famous leader of the workers' movement.
193111.7 The first national congress of workers, peasants and soldiers (also known as the first national congress of China and the Soviet Union) was held in Ruijin, Jiangxi, and the "Chinese Soviet" was established. In this way, it is up to China to represent the Soviet system.
When the China * * * production party established revolutionary base areas all over the country in the1930s, it usually established Soviet political power, so the revolutionary base areas at that time were called "Soviet areas". Since then, the word "Soviet", as the name of political organization form, has been widely used by China's * * * production party in its ruling exploration under the condition of partial ruling. At that time, the Soviet Union was the only ruling mode of the * * * production party in the world, and its political organization form "Soviet" was naturally introduced as a model. In this respect, China * * * production party is no exception.
give up
Producers in China, represented by Mao Zedong, have made unremitting explorations on the China of Marxism, among which a new understanding of the foreign word "Soviet" has opened a new page in history.
* * * The Seventh International Congress (July 25th-August 20th, 1935) is a great historical opportunity. The meeting adopted a resolution on the establishment of an anti-fascist United front and determined the policy of linking the development of the Soviet movement with the people's anti-imperialist movement. The Producers' Party of China changed the Soviet way of existence to meet the needs of the anti-Japanese national united front. This fully embodies the strategic idea of gradual progress according to the change of the situation and avoids the unfavorable situation brought about by the 180 degree turn.
1935 12.27, Mao Zedong made a report on "On Strategies against Japanese Imperialism" at the meeting of party activists in Wayaobao, northern Shaanxi, pointing out: "If our past government was an alliance of workers, peasants and urban petty bourgeoisie, from now on, it should be changed to include everything except workers, peasants and urban petty bourgeoisie. This means that political power no longer belongs only to workers and peasants, but to all anti-Japanese classes, strata and parties. As a result, China's * * * production party's understanding of the Soviet Union broke through the limitations of the original class foundation, from "workers and peasants" to "people", expanded the mass base and promoted the establishment of a broad national revolutionary United front.
Later, according to the instructions of Production International, "Soviet People's Republic" was changed to "Democratic Republic". 1On May 3rd, 937, Mao Zedong announced at the National Congress of the Producers' Party in China: "For peace, democracy and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and to establish an anti-Japanese national united front, the government of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia revolutionary base area led by the Producers' Party was renamed the government of the Special Administrative Region of the Republic of China, and the Red Army was renamed the National Revolutionary Army, under the guidance of the Nanjing Central Government and the Military Commission." 1in September, 937, the Central Committee of China officially announced the cancellation of the title of China and the Soviet Union, and changed the Northwest Office of the Interim Central Government of China and the Soviet Union into the Government of the Special Administrative Region of the Republic of China, namely the Government of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. At this point in history, the slogan of "Soviet" withdrew from the political stage in China.
1948 in September, Mao Zedong, as an outstanding representative of Marxism in China, explained in simple terms why people's congresses should be implemented instead of Soviet ones. He pointed out: "In the past, we called it the Soviet Congress system, and the Soviet Union was the Congress. We also call it the Soviet Union and the Congress, and the Soviet Congress became the Congress. This is a foreign term. Now we use the name' NPC'. "
On the surface, the transition from "Soviet" to "People's Congress" seems to be only a simple name change, but it makes the change of political organization form relatively less painful. This strategy of getting rid of the discourse dilemma and realizing the system reform is very clever, which means that the discourse paradigm is quietly changing when the China * * * production party is about to take full power. From the Soviet under the dictatorship of the proletariat to the People's Soviet based on the alliance of workers and peasants, the people's congress and the people's congress system have been formed, and the word "people" has finally been fully integrated into the vision of China's political power construction.
As far as the foreign word "Soviet" is concerned, it is not only in the literal sense, but also in the content and strategy. By emancipating the mind, China's * * * production party has gradually achieved the goal of seeking truth from facts and pushed the level of Marxism in China to a new height. There are both successful experiences and painful lessons. We should cherish this long and tortuous exploration process and draw valuable lessons from it. Looking back on this course can give us a lot of profound enlightenment about the China, modernization and popularization of Marxism.