When the Great Wall first appeared, it was not called the Great Wall, but called "Fangcheng". "Ji Shu Zhou Shu? Make a solution: the city is 1730 feet, and the square is 700 miles. Qi's "Examination" says: artisans govern the country, nine miles away, three doors away, and nine classics and nine latitudes in junior high school. China is the capital of a square. Not only the capital is square, but also other cities. According to the thought of "Zhou Li Tian Dao", the cities of Zhou vassal States were all built according to the provisions of "Zhou".
the great wall of chu
The Chu Great Wall in Nanyang in the Spring and Autumn Period was the earliest Great Wall in China. From the Great Wall of Chu to Chunqiu, Zuozhuan and Shiji, the Great Wall of Chu has always been called Fangcheng. Because the names of the Great Wall and Fangcheng are different for a long time, people don't think Fangcheng is the Great Wall, or even an isolated castle or wall, and they don't know that Fangcheng is the earliest Great Wall in the history of China. "Zuo Zhuan" contains: "In the fourth year of Xi Gong, Chu Fangcheng thought it was a city and Hanshui thought it was a pool." "History of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty" said: "In the second year of King Hui of Zhou, the king of Chu returned to Fangcheng and knocked at the city gate at night." Nanyang regional annals? Fangcheng said, "King Chu built the Great Wall on Fangcheng Mountain (now Xiaoding Mountain) to defend its northern border, hence the name Fangcheng County." This is the earliest record of the Great Wall in China so far.
The Great Wall of Chu starts from Fangcheng County in the north, reaches Biyang County in the south, and turns to tanghe county in the southwest, facing the direction of Qi. Construction continued after the war, starting from Nanzhao, Songxian, Xixia, Neixiang and Zhenping in the west, stretching for 300-400 kilometers to Gushan in Luo Zhuang, dengzhou city. Today, the Great Wall remains in neixiang county, Xixia and Fangcheng counties.
ZhaoChangCheng
Zhao Changcheng is located in da miao cun, Guyang County, central Baotou City. It was built in the Warring States Period, from the 20th to 26th year of King Wuling of Zhao. It lingers between the peaks at the southern foot of Yinshan Mountain. Shannan is a long and narrow Tumochuan plain, rich in water and grass, which was a battleground for military strategists in ancient times. Standing on the Great Wall of Earth and looking out, you can vaguely see this historical relic from the Great Temple to the side wall, as well as the village in the east and Kundulun District in the west. The Great Wall of Zhao has a history of more than two thousand years.
the Great Wall
In 22 1 BC, Qin Shihuang destroyed six countries and became the only political power in China, from then on, he transformed into an empire. 2 14 years ago, Meng Tian, a general sent by Qin Shihuang, led 300,000 people to attack the Huns, occupied Hetao, and began to connect the old city walls built by Qin, Zhao, Wei and Yan countries, extending from Lintao to Liaodong in Wan Li, hence the name Wan Li Great Wall. At the same time, the Great Wall in the north was built, and the wall used for common defense among the former vassal States was demolished.
han great wall
Anxi County, Gansu Province has 150 km of the Great Wall of Han Dynasty, 70 towers and 3 city walls. It starts from Yumen Mushroom Beach in the east, runs along the south side of Gan Xin Highway and the north bank of Shule River, meanders to the west and connects with Dunhuang Xijian Wharf. The Great Wall of Han Dynasty and the beacon towers along it are an important part of the complete military defense system in Hexi in Han Dynasty, and also a historical miniature of the defense project in Hexi and even the whole north of Han Dynasty. Despite thousands of years of wind and rain erosion, it still stands tall on the Gobi Desert and is one of the best preserved Great Walls of the Han Dynasty in China.
Beiqi Great Wall
The Great Wall was built and added in the Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties. In the eighth year of Taichang, the Great Wall of Northern Wei Dynasty was built, starting from Chicheng, Hebei Province in the north and reaching Wuyuan County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the west. In the seventh year of Zhenjun Taiping (AD 446), the Great Wall from Juyongguan, Beijing to Hequ County, Shanxi Province was built.
During the Northern Qi Dynasty, the construction scale was the largest. During the six years from Tianbao three years to Tianbao eight years, the Great Wall was overhauled five times. In March of the second year of Heqing, "Hu rode 20,000 soldiers without light, and built the Great Wall in Ziguan, still building 200 miles and setting up 12 garrisons". In the first year of Tiantong in the Northern Qi Dynasty, "If you admire Lu for repeatedly invading northern Xinjiang, you will be prepared. The library is piled up, guarding the east by the sea and bending over two thousand miles with the mountain. In the meantime, if there is danger in 200 miles, either cut mountains to build cities or build obstacles in lakes and valleys and set up more than 50 garrisons. " Today, there is the site of the Northern Qi Great Wall in Tongzhou District of Beijing, which is a cultural relic protection unit in Tongzhou District.
Sui great wall
The site of the Great Wall in Sui Dynasty is located in Tebudegecha, Etuokeqian Banner, Ordos City, which is about 6.8 kilometers long and divided into three sections. The wall is a mound wall with fish ridges, with a width of 3m to 6m and a residual height of 0.5m to 1 m.. Some ruins are scattered with gray and black pottery fragments and rope-patterned brick fragments. From aerial photos and satellite photos, it can be seen that the Sui Great Wall in Etuokeqian Banner is located in the north of the first and second sides of the Ming Great Wall, which is consistent with the direction of the Ming Great Wall.
Ming great wall
From Hongwu in Ming Taizu to Wanli in Ming Shenzong, the Great Wall was built on a large scale 20 times in the Ming Dynasty.
The Ming Great Wall starts from Jiayuguan City, Gansu Province in the west and ends at Shanhaiguan, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province in the east, spanning Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning and other provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, with a total length of more than 6,300 kilometers. It is the strongest, most complete and most magnificent Great Wall preserved in ancient times.
The Great Wall in Ming Dynasty partly followed the ancient Great Wall in Northern Wei, Northern Qi, Qin and Han Dynasties. There are three kinds of wall building materials: brick, stone and earth. The height, width and width of the wall vary with the dangerous situation of the terrain. The walls in mountainous areas are relatively low and narrow, while those in flat areas are high and wide. In addition, there are various cities, passes, passes, watchtowers, beacon towers and fortresses along the Great Wall, which together with the city wall form a complete defense system.
South Great Wall
The Southern Great Wall, also known as the Miao border wall, was an ancient military defense project in China. In the thirty-third year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, the side wall was built for seventy miles. In the forty-three years of Wanli, more than three hundred miles of side walls were built from Wang Huiying to Zhenxi. In the third year of the apocalypse, more than 60 miles of earth walls were built from Zhenxi to Magpie Camp. The side walls of the scenic area are all over 430 miles long. In the second year of Jiaqing, the side wall of Zhengan Town was rebuilt 190 Li. In the twenty-fifth year of the Republic of China (1936), the Miao people launched the Getun movement, and the Hunan provincial government abolished the Tun and promoted the branch, ending the anti-Tun political system of the Miao people in western Hunan for more than 40 years. The side wall system was abandoned.
The South Great Wall is one of the largest ancient buildings in the history of China. It shows the characteristics of a dynasty and is an important historical material for studying the conquest and rule of remote ethnic minorities in Ming and Qing Dynasties.