In addition to the role of regular police, the Ministry of Interior and People's Committee is also responsible for other affairs, such as traffic control, fire control, border defense and national archives management. More widely known, it carried out a large number of extrajudicial executions during the purge, and the gulag labor camp, which was in charge of operation, exiled individual ethnic minorities and civilians of so-called "former rich peasants" to sparsely populated borders, engaged in espionage, political assassination and manipulated and subverted foreign governments abroad.

The history of the Ministry of People's Internal Affairs as a secret police agency can be traced back to Lenin's "All-Russia Special Committee for Eliminating Counterrevolutionaries" established in 19 17, which was called "Cheka" for short in Russian, and was led by dzerzhinsky at that time. After the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet regime. At the suggestion of dzerzhinsky, the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee adopted a resolution on the establishment of a counter-revolutionary committee on 19 17 and 12 and 4, giving it great power to arrest all counter-revolutionaries. 1February 6, 922, upon the decision of the all-Russian Central Executive Committee, Cheka was reorganized into the State Political Protection Bureau (GBW), and the next year it was called the State Political Protection General Bureau (OGPU), that is, "Gebowu". 1934, the People's Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union unified all safety work, and Ogp was renamed as "National Security Committee (GUGB)" and merged into the Internal Affairs Committee. So far, the People's Committee of Internal Affairs is responsible for internal security, police and prison work.

Gulag farm under the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

19 18 During the handover between the Russian government and the Soviet government, camp facilities with the nature of "labor punishment" were re-established in Siberia and the Far East, including "special purpose camps" and "forced labor camps", which were used to detain different kinds of people who threatened national security, including ordinary criminals, prisoners of war in the Russian civil war and officials who led to the bankruptcy of domestic companies. However, the scale of these concentration camps is much smaller than Stalin's concentration camps. 1928, these concentration camps alone detained nearly 30,000 people and were forced to work for free by the authorities.

The expansion of the times1In the middle and late period of 930, the scale of the Gulag began to expand sharply due to the great purge movement of the former Soviet Union led by Stalin. According to Order No.58 issued by the People's Internal Affairs Committee of the former Soviet Union, people began to be monitored by the Russian secret police of the former Soviet Union, examined and detained on charges of "counter-revolution", and were summarily tried, exiled or executed by the People's Internal Affairs Committee. During the period of 1937- 1938, the People's Internal Affairs Committee of the former Soviet Union issued Order 00447, which led to the execution of more than 10,000 Gulag prisoners without formal trial. Most Gulag prisoners face difficulties such as insufficient food supply, lack of warm clothes, overcrowding and lack of medical security. During the six years from 1934 to 1940, the number of abnormal deaths in gulag concentration camp was four to six times that of the former Soviet Union. According to the declassified archives, the number of reported deaths in ancient Raguenet from 1930 to 1953 is estimated to be1760,000. Half of them died from 194 1 to 1943.

Gulag has become synonymous with describing the "autocratic and tyrannical government system" of the former Soviet Union. Subjectively, it includes the ruthless isolation, censorship, arrest, exile, forced labor and other streamlined procedures of the former Soviet secret police, which eventually led to the abnormal death of a large number of former Soviet citizens.

Ministry of Internal Affairs during the Great Patriotic War

During the Soviet-German War, the People's Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the People's Committee of the Ministry of National Security merged into the People's Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs again. NKVD's main task is the security work behind the front line, including preventing escape before the battle. According to orders No.270 and No.227 of the National Defense People's Committee signed by Stalin, a special supervision group was set up, and officers and men who retreated before the war and affected the morale of the army could be shot on the spot. During the war, about 158000 Soviet officers and men were executed by the supervision team of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

At the same time, the Ministry of Internal Affairs also took special actions against anti-Soviet elements in the occupied areas and eastern Europe, arresting and executing them.

The dissolution of the national security department after the war

1946, the Soviet People's Committee of Internal Affairs was again divided into the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) led by ignatieff and the Ministry of National Security (MGB) led by Abakumov. Ministry of National Security With the arrest and execution of beria after Khrushchev came to power, the Ministry of National Security ceased to exist. The following year, the National Security Council (KGB), the KGB, was established and took over the responsibility of national security intelligence. In international police terminology, the term "Ministry of the Interior" is generally used to refer to the departments responsible for internal law enforcement actions in some countries, because the "Ministry of Public Security" in these countries is called "Ministry of the Interior". Within the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, there are institutions such as the General Administration of Internal Affairs and the Bureau of Internal Affairs. This kind of internal affairs organ often governs a large number of paramilitary units, generally called internal security forces. In fact, China's Armed Police Force is based on the model of the former Soviet Union's internal affairs forces.