Countless people have paid the price for these behaviors with their own lives, but many wizards and wizards have not stopped their commitment to magic art. Iceland's view of witchcraft is "Sei? ur”。
People who practice magic are called "sei? Menn ",while women are called" vísendakona ".
The most basic concept of Seur is related to ancient Scandinavian gods, such as Odin and Freya.
Icelandic magic was originally based on Norwegian beliefs, but over time, it began to evolve into its own unique and mysterious magic system, with Norwegian god Odin riding on his horse.
Although there are many celebrities who practice magic names, most of them have not been punished by Christians.
Due to the slow progress of Christianization in Iceland, it is impossible to adopt the unique rules of other Nordic countries with Christian beliefs like Denmark or Norway, and it is impossible to erase ancient beliefs from their land faster. The story of women being punished for witchcraft is much longer, but this is the subject of another article.
Different from other parts of Europe, in Iceland, most of the persecuted people are men, because male magic has a strong tradition.
The first person to be executed, Jón Rógnvaldsson, lived in the end of 16 and the first half of 17.
In Johannes' work in Iceland (copied to section 2.5), Jon Rogwalderson became a symbol of those who were executed for witchcraft and those who were salt in the eyes of Christian priests.
When followers of Christ try their best to bury ancient customs, people don't want to stop praying to their gods, perform ancient rituals and summon all souls in the world to meet their needs.
One of them is Jón Rógnvaldsson, whose practice is widely known in Iceland. His story has disappeared with the passage of time, and only a small part of his life can live today.
It started in16th century. The bailiff Magnus Bilsen went to Iceland from Copenhagen and brought a book about witch persecution in 1487.
Decades later, the terrible story that Bilsen read became a reality in Iceland, because the same incident was also caused by a closed society.
Bilsen was influenced by this book, so when he heard about a boy's mysterious illness and the deaths of several horses, he thought that these events were caused by witches and needed to be exposed.
Encouraged by the holy monk, people began to gossip that it was caused by dark magic.
For some reason, the boy hinted that Jon Enward was the one who cursed him.
The evidence presented at the trial was a piece of paper written by Jon in Icelandic runes.
His brother wanted to help, too. He announced that Jon practiced runic magic called Gadrat (or Gardel), including spells and spells, but not for evil purposes.
This is enough to conclude that Jon is a threat to society.
Although he was the victim of malicious accusation, in 1625, he was burned at the stake by an unjust flame, a pagan priestess who specialized in singing the song of Golds.
In the public sphere, Christianization took place in Iceland around 999 AD, and new religions were not easily accepted.
Icelanders want to follow their old beliefs, so the process of adaptation is long and painful. Christians' imagination makes them believe that pagans and witchcraft practitioners are followers of the devil, and their sexual behavior brings them closer to their dark masters.
Monks who tried to influence society with the teachings of Jesus tried to confront them with the same tools used in other parts of Europe.
According to christopher morris of University College London, the introduction of Christianity.
Because of these arguments, men are punished as much as women are related to magic.
Cruelty: Christian worshippers of the Holy Cross used ice to force many innocent people to burn wooden stakes.
The laws on witchcraft promulgated by Norway and Denmark were implemented in Iceland on 1630.
However, unlike other countries, in Iceland, most people executed for practicing magic are men.
Of the more than 100 people, only ten were women, and three witches were executed.
Nowadays, witchcraft has become a huge and prosperous industry, which brings considerable income to Iceland every year.
Museum exhibitions, such as the Icelandic Witchcraft Museum in Hormavik, as well as publications, and the craze of "Witchcraft Tourism" in every corner of the island.
Although it is difficult to find any original works related to the ancient magic tradition, thousands of people come to Iceland to find this magic inspiration.
Above: alchemist s? Jan Matejko's The Alchemist and the Chemical Pioneer.
"Public domain", by Natalia Krimzak, historian, journalist and writer.
She worked in Gookins from February 20 15 to April 20 17.