(1) Apes (walking on all fours)

② People are in the process of formation (Australopithecus-walking upright)

(3) A fully formed person (who can make tools)

Early ape-man: an "able man" in Oduwe Gorge Valley, Tanzania.

Late ape-man: Javanese, China Yuanmou, Beijinger.

Early Homo sapiens: Neanderthals in Germany and Ding Cun in China.

Late Homo sapiens: Kroma farmers, China Neanderthals.

2. The emergence of clans

Matriarchal clan-paternal clan

3. The emergence of this country

[Key test sites]

1. Australopithecus belongs to (formed) man.

2. The earliest society experienced by human beings is the primitive society.

3. Ethnic differences are the result of long-term influence of many factors such as different (natural geographical environment).

4. With the development of productive forces, firstly, the clan society (matriarchal clan) and the marriage relationship are (group marriage); Later it developed into patriarchal clan system, and the marriage relationship was relatively (fixed).

5. The period when people "only know their mother, but don't know their father" is the (matrilineal) clan period; The period of "knowing his mother but not his father" is the clan period.

6. At the same time as (Late Homo sapiens) appeared, the differences of modern races also appeared.