(Examination time: 100 minute, full mark: 120 minute)
Please note: 1. This paper is divided into two parts: multiple-choice questions and non-multiple-choice questions.
2. Before the candidates answer the questions. You must fill in your name, test number and seat number in the corresponding position of the test paper and answer sheet with a black or blue pen or ballpoint pen, and then fill in the test number and subjects in the corresponding small box of the answer sheet with a 2B pencil.
The first part of multiple-choice questions (***26 points)
Please note: Candidates must fill in the letter number of the selected answer in the corresponding question number on the answer sheet with 2B pencil. The answer on the test paper is invalid.
First, multiple-choice questions (only 1 of the four options in each question meets the meaning of the question) (2 points for each question, ***26 points)
1. In the following options, the physicist and his main contributions correspond to
Newton, the law of inertia, Pascal, measured atmospheric pressure for the first time.
C. Oster-electromagnetic induction D. Faraday-There is a magnetic field around the current.
The frequency range of hearing in some animals
bat
1000 Hz ~ 120000 Hz
dolphin
150 Hz ~ 150000 Hz
cat
60Hz~65000Hz
elephant
1Hz~20000Hz
2. Infrasound waves (frequency lower than 20Hz) will be generated during the earthquake. In areas far away from the earthquake center where people do not feel the earthquake, infrasound will cause some animals' auditory reactions. According to the data provided in the table on the right, in areas far from the earthquake center, animals with obvious auditory responses are
A. bats B. dolphins
C. Cat D. Elephant
3. The following estimation of physical quantities is realistic.
A. The sound in your examination room is about 70dB.
The weight of an egg is about 50 Newton.
C.the density of apples is about 0.9? /SPAN>。 103kg/m3
D. Your normal walking speed is about 5 m/s.
4. In the experimental device diagram shown in figure 1, the electromagnetic induction phenomenon can be explained as follows
5. Understanding of force. What is wrong in the following statement is
A. Force is the action of one object on another.
Force can deform an object or change its motion state.
C. the forces between objects are interactive.
D. only objects that are in contact with each other will produce force.
6. As shown in Figure 2, several lever tools are labor-saving levers when used.
7. If an object is placed 30cm in front of a convex lens with a focal length of 20cm, it can be obtained on the other side of the lens.
A. Vertical enlarged virtual image B. Inverted reduced real image
C. vertically reducing the real image D. inversely enlarging the real image
8. The following phenomena cannot be explained by the inertia of the object.
A. the apple fell from the tree to the ground.
B. after the bullet leaves the muzzle, it can continue to fly far.
For the same long jumper, the distance of "run-up long jump" is longer than that of "standing long jump"
When the car brakes or starts, passengers will feel forward or backward.
9. Regarding the roller shown in Figure 3, the following statement is wrong about the physical knowledge involved.
A. The mill is made of steel, which makes use of the high hardness of steel.
B. In order to increase the pressure on the road surface, the roller is of great mass.
C. The road roller is thick and wide to reduce the road pressure.
D. Rubber tires are patterned to increase the friction with the road surface.
10. As shown in Figure 4, it is a photo of the three-wire plug. Careful observation shows that the plug of the grounding wire is slightly longer than the other two plugs. Which of the following factors is mainly considered for this difference in plug length design?
A, make the shape of the plug more beautiful; B, help to identify live and neutral plugs.
C. it is more stable in the socket. D. During operation, ensure that the grounding plug is grounded first.
1 1. The circuit is shown in Figure 5. When the switch is closed, the small light bulb emits light normally. If the position of the light bulb and ammeter is reversed, the phenomenon after the switch is closed is
A. small light bulbs don't emit light. Small bulbs will burn out.
C. the light bulb is still emitting normally. Neither voltmeter nor ammeter shows numbers.
12. Two identical heaters are used to heat two liquids A and B with the same mass respectively. As can be seen from the figure, the graph of temperature change with time is shown in Figure 6.
The specific heat capacity of A.A is greater than that of b.
The specific heat capacity of C.A and b is the same. D. At the beginning of heating, the specific heat capacity of A and B is zero.
13. Xiaoxing uses sunlight to measure the focal length of the convex lens, as shown in Figure 7. He noticed that the convex lens was facing the sun, but the distance between the paper and the lens was not carefully adjusted. When the spot on the paper is not the smallest, he measures the distance L from the spot to the center of the convex lens. Then, the actual focal length of the convex lens
A. it must be less than L B and greater than l.
C. it may be equal to l d, or it may be less than l or greater than l.
The second part of multiple-choice questions (***94 points)
Please note: candidates must write their answers directly on the test paper.
II. Fill in the blanks (each grid 1 point *** 18 points)
14. When drying clothes, shake them out fully and dry them quickly, because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
15. "The Olympic torch climbs Mount Everest" has set a historical precedent for the Olympic torch relay. "Altitude sickness" is one of the many difficulties that the team members must face when the torch reaches the summit of Mount Everest. Altitude sickness is related to air pressure. The higher the altitude, the air pressure will be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (please fill in "greater" or "smaller"). Raw rice is cooked in a common pot on the plateau because the boiling point of water boiled in a common pot is _ _ _ _ _100℃.
16. As shown in Figure 8, press one end of the ruler tightly on the desktop, and you will hear the sound when you move the end protruding from the desktop, indicating that the sound is caused by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; Significantly change the length of the scale protruding from the desktop, and stir it with the same force as last time, and you can hear that the _ _ _ _ _ of the sound has changed (choose "loudness", "tone" or "timbre").
17. The battery is a chemical battery, which can be recharged after discharge. It converts _ _ _ _ _ energy into _ _ _ _ energy during discharge.
18. A light bulb is marked with the words "PZ220 40", and "PZ" stands for ordinary incandescent lamp. Its rated power _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ W, filament resistance is _ _ _ _ Ω, and working current is _ _ _ _ _.
20. The propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum is the same as that in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (choose "sound speed" or "light speed"); According to the formula v=λf, the longer the wavelength, the higher the frequency of electromagnetic wave (choose "high" or "low"). Experiments show that the shell or net cover is made of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
As shown in Figure 9, this is a cross-sectional view of the dam. Considering that the water is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on the dam side, and it will be _ _ _ with the increase of depth, the dam is built into a shape with a wide bottom and a narrow top.
2l。 Single cylinder four-stroke gasoline engine, flywheel speed 1200r/min, gasoline engine completed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Three, drawing questions (2 points per question, ***8 points)
22. As shown in figure 10, a beam of light shoots into the air from the water in the direction of AO. Draw its reflected light and refracted light.
23. The suspended ball swings to the position shown in figure 1 1. Please draw a schematic diagram of the gravity and supporting force on the ball at this time.
24. As shown in Figure 12, it is a schematic diagram of a door lock handle. Point o is the rotation axis of the handle. Please draw the arm l of force F.
25. As shown in figure 13, it is a horseshoe magnet, and the dotted line is a part of the magnetic induction line near the magnetic pole. The small magnetic needle is at rest in the position shown in the figure. Please mark the N pole and S pole of the shoe magnet.
26. When connecting circuits, many students are used to taking all circuits apart and reconnecting them. In fact, sometimes just think about it, removing or reconnecting some wires can solve the problem. Now let's test you, as shown in figure 14, which is a circuit connected by a classmate:
(1) If the switch is turned on, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ will appear.
(2) For this circuit, only one wire needs to be removed, and it can become the correct circuit with two lamps in series. Please tick "Baking on Site" on the line to be demolished. /SPAN>。
Four, experiment and inquiry questions (26 questions 4 points, 27 questions 8 points, 28 questions 6 points, 29 questions 7 points, 30 questions 9 points, ***34 points)
27. As shown in figure 15, it is a scene of "exploring the imaging characteristics of flat mirror": a ruler is placed under a vertical transparent glass plate, and the ruler is vertical to the glass plate; Two identical candles A and B stand on the straightedge on both sides of the glass plate, with candle A as the imaging object.
(1) For the convenience of observation, it is best to carry out the experiment in _ _ _ _ _ _ (choose "brighter" or "darker"); In addition, using a transparent glass plate instead of a flat mirror, although the image is not as clear as a flat mirror, it can be observed at the same time as the candle image, which skillfully solves the problem of determining the position and size of the image.
(2) Light candle A, carefully move candle B until it resembles candle A, and then find the size of the image and object _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; Further observation of the position of candles A and B on the ruler shows that the connecting line between the image and the object and the glass plate is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(3) Which of the following actions do you think should be taken to confirm whether the above image features are reliable? ( )
A. Keep the position of two candles A and B unchanged, and change the position of the glass plate for observation for many times.
B, keeping the position of the glass plate unchanged, changing the position of the candle A for many times, and performing the same operation as (2) above.
28. Using the equipment in Figure 16 (water can be taken at will), this paper explores the relationship between buoyancy and its own gravity when an object floats on the surface of a liquid, that is, the conditions under which the object floats.
(1) Before using the measuring instrument, observe its range and dividing value. The graduation value of the spring dynamometer shown in figure 16 is _ _ _ _ _ n, and the graduation value of the measuring cylinder is _ _ _ _ _ ml.
(2) Now around the main experimental steps, answer related questions:
① Inject a proper amount of water into the measuring cylinder.
② Put a proper amount of screws in a small plastic bottle with a mass of several grams to make it float on the water.
Question: The small plastic bottle itself can float on the water, but why should we put a proper amount of screws in the experiment? Please explain the benefits of "putting in the right amount of screws" (_ _ _ _ _ _)
③ Measure the gravity G of small plastic bottles with screws.
④ Read the volume of V 1 water in the measuring cylinder; Put the small plastic bottle into the measuring cylinder, and read the scale v2 corresponding to the water surface after stabilization; Then the expression of buoyancy of small plastic bottles is: _ _ _ _ _ _
⑤ A preliminary conclusion can be drawn by comparing the size relationship of _ _ _ _ on small plastic bottles.
29. Measure the resistance of small bulbs by voltammetry.
(1) Figure 17 is the experimental circuit diagram, and the circle on the figure represents the electric meter. Please fill in the corresponding letters in the circle.
Number of experiments
1
2
three
Voltage/volt
1.00
1.70
2.50
Current /a
0. 14
0.22
Resistance/ω
7.l
7.7
(2) An experimental group made three measurements by changing the voltage at both ends of the bulb, and some records are shown in the above table. If the voltage is 2.50V, the pointer position of ammeter is as shown in figure 18. Please fill in the two blanks in the form.
(3) The teacher looked at the group's records and suggested: Have you noticed that the resistance measured three times is quite different? Through AC, other groups also have similar phenomena: the bulb resistance increases with the increase of voltage and brightness. After discussion, students realize that there is an error in the experiment, but this phenomenon cannot be explained by error alone, because if it is an error, the resistance value measured three times should be different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (choose "larger" or "smaller"). It has the characteristics of _ _ _ _ _ (choose "increasing", "decreasing" or "when it is big, it is small"). Later, some students noticed the particularity of the light bulb and thought that the resistance of the light bulb might be related to _ _ _ _ _ _, which was confirmed by consulting textbooks.
30. Experimental inquiry and reasoning are both basic methods of scientific research, such as scientific conjecture, which is often put forward by reasoning based on certain facts and existing knowledge.
(1) Observe the handwriting of sketch charcoal pen with a magnifying glass, and observe tiny particles; Wheat grains are ground into flour, and flour is kneaded into dough ... A large number of similar facts provide a basis for us to imagine the structural model of matter, and finally realize that it is composed of a large number of molecules. Drop a drop of ink into cold water and hot water, and observe that the speed of ink diffusion is different ... A large number of similar phenomena make us think that the speed of irregular movement of molecules is related to _ _ _ _ _.
(2) Physics calls "the sum of kinetic energy and molecular potential energy of all molecules in a random motion of an object" the internal energy of the object. Please make a reasonable guess on the "factors affecting the internal energy of an object" according to this meaning and your knowledge (refer to examples), give the inference conclusion and explain the reasoning basis:
For example: ① The internal energy of an object may be related to its temperature. Infer conclusions; The higher the temperature of an object, the greater the internal energy. Reasoning basis: The higher the temperature, the faster the molecular motion and the greater the kinetic energy of the molecule.
② The internal energy of an object may also be related to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Reasoning basis: _ _ _ _ _ _
(3) Because the inferences have certain facts and theoretical basis, they are sometimes used to preliminarily explain related issues in scientific research-students should also try:
In figure 19, (a) there is little water in the cup, and (b) (c) and (d) are the same. According to the corollary of question (2), compare the internal energy of water in each cup:
(1) _ _ _ _ _ _ The water in the cup has the largest energy, because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
② The internal energy of two cups of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ water is not easy to compare, because _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Five, calculation and application problems (3 1 problem 6 points, 32 questions 7 points, 33 questions 9 points, 34 questions 12 points, ***34 points)
3 1.(6 points) Xiaoxingjia's solar water heater has a water tank volume of 200 L. Xiaoxing made an observation: one morning, he measured the temperature of tap water at 20℃ with a thermometer, and then filled the water tank of the water heater with water. At noon, the "temperature sensor" shows that the water temperature of the water tank is 45℃. Please solve the following problems:
(1) water quality in the water tank; The heat absorbed by water c water =4.2? /SPAN>。 103 j/ (weight? /SPAN>。 ) (4 points)
(2) If the heat absorbed by water is provided by gas, and the efficiency of gas stove is 40%, how much gas should be burned at least (gas calorific value q=4.2? /SPAN>。 107 joule/kg) (2 points)
32.(7 points) Use the pulley block as shown in Figure 20 to lift heavy objects. People use the pulling force F of 500N to make an object weighing 900N rise 3 m at a uniform speed in 15s. Regardless of the weight and friction of the rope, find:
(1) Weight of moving pulley. (2 points)
(2) the power of people pulling the rope to do work. (3 points)
(3) Mechanical efficiency of pulley block. (2 points)
33.(9 points) The technical parameters of the electric sightseeing bus shown in Figure 2 1 are as follows.
Empty car quality
1 180kg
Rated power of motor
4kW
Full deployment
1 1 person
Rated voltage of motor
48V
Contact area between tire and ground when fully loaded.
4? /SPAN>。 250 square centimeters
maximum speed
45 km/h
Motor efficiency
80%
Horizontal road mileage
≤80 km
According to the technical parameters, the following problems are solved: (g is 10N/kg)
(1) Assuming the passenger mass is 60kg, find the pressure on the horizontal road when the vehicle is fully loaded (3 points).
(2) How much electricity does the motor consume when it works at rated power for half an hour? How much work has the motor done externally? If during this process, the sightseeing bus travels along the horizontal road at a constant speed of 36 km/h, find the resistance of the car during driving. (6 points)
34( 12 minutes) As shown in Figure 22, it is the physical diagram of the rice cooker, and Figure 23 (A) is its internal circuit diagram, and Figure 23 (B) is the circuit diagram. It has two gears of "high-temperature cooking" and "stewing rice for heat preservation", which are automatically controlled by a temperature control switch. When cooking, you must first press the temperature control switch button; When the set temperature is reached (the rice is cooked), the button will pop up automatically.
(1) Comparing Figure 23 (A) and Figure 23 (B), when the temperature control switch button is not pressed, the relationship between "cooking circuit part" and "insulating circuit part" is _ _ _ _ _ (choose "series connection" or "parallel connection"); Press the temperature control switch button. The voltage of the "cooking circuit part" is _ _ _ _ V, and the "insulation circuit part" will be _ _ _ _ (select "working" or "not working"); After the temperature control switch button pops up, the current in the circuit is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (choose "large" or "small") (4 points).
(2) When the temperature control switch button is pressed, the total power of the rice cooker circuit is 1 100W. It is found that the resistance of "cooking circuit part" is r 1(2 points).
(3) After the temperature control switch button pops up, the total power of the rice cooker circuit is 44W. Find: ① the current in the circuit; ② Resistance R2 (3 in "insulated circuit part") (3 points)
(4) It is known that only when the voltage at both ends of the indicator lamp and the current limiter is not much different from the power supply voltage, the indicator lamp will light up. Please explain why the red light turns off and the yellow light turns on when the temperature control switch button pops up through relevant calculation or analysis (3 points).