1295, built by Anovo Ducame Biot on the basis of the original Buddha Rotino Cathedral. 1296, the citizens were intoxicated with the victory of regaining power from the nobles. To celebrate the victory, Giovanni Medici invested in the construction of a new church, which was completed in 1436. It was finally completed at 1496. This used to be the religious center of the Republic of Florence.
Architecture and painting also shine with the light of Renaissance. There are many magnificent churches in the world, but few churches are so charming. This beautiful church, decorated with white, pink and green marble according to geometric patterns, vividly interprets the classicality, elegance and freedom advocated by the Renaissance.
The dome of this church is the first dome in the world, and it is the masterpiece of Philip brunelleschi (1377 ~ 1446). It was designed and built between 1420 and 1434. In the process of completing this huge structure in the air, the master used a novel connection method instead of an arch. The dome is a double-layer thin shell with a gap between the two layers and a slightly pointed upper end. The height is 9 1 m and the maximum diameter is 45.52 m. The historical significance of this kind of dome lies in: first, the Catholic church regards the centralized plane and dome as the form of pagan temples and strictly refuses it, while craftsmen ignore the church's commandments. Although the influence of Catholicism in Florence was very weak at that time, it still needed great courage and a high degree of awakening. Therefore, it is a symbol of breaking through the spiritual autocracy of the church in architecture; Second, the domes of ancient Rome and Byzantium are semi-exposed and semi-hidden in appearance, and will not be regarded as an important modeling means. And this one in Florence, drawing lessons from the Byzantine chapel, shows all the domes, including the lighting pavilion, with a total height of 107m, which becomes the center of the whole city contour line. This is unprecedented in western Europe. Therefore, it is a symbol of the primitive spirit of the Renaissance; Thirdly, whether in structure or construction, the development scope of this dome is very large, which marks the general progress of science and technology in the Renaissance. /kloc-vasari, a biographer and architect in the 6th century, enthusiastically said that the dome is as high as the mountain peaks in the suburbs. God was jealous and bombarded it with lightning again and again, but it stood intact. Dome is a masterpiece of early Renaissance architecture and a landmark of Florence urban architecture. It perfectly combines the roof form of Renaissance with the Gothic architectural style, and has obvious transitional characteristics. Brunelleschi was born as a handicraft craftsman, studied advanced science at that time, especially mechanics, was proficient in machinery and casting, and made great achievements in perspective and mathematics, as well as in sculpture and arts and crafts. Through hard work, he mastered the architectural structures of ancient Rome, Byzantium and Gothic. In order to design the dome, he stayed in Rome for several years, devoted himself to studying the ancient arch ticket technology and surveying and mapping ancient cultural relics. After returning to Florence, I made a model of the dome and scaffolding, and made a detailed structure and construction plan. 1420, at the meeting of French, British, Spanish and German architects convened by Florence government, he was appointed as the person in charge of this project. In the same year, construction started, 143 1 completed the dome, and then the light booth at the top was built. The lighting booth was completed in 1470, but brunelleschi died in 1446.
The most incredible thing is that brunelleschi didn't draw a sketch, write down a set of calculation data, make any draft calculation, or even set up internal scaffolding, and started the construction entirely by mental arithmetic and accurate spatial imagination. It seems that the whole dome has been built in my heart. He is not only an architectural genius, but also a strategist. He knew that an opponent wanted to take away his design drawings at any time, so he didn't leave any drawings and regarded the whole project as his inner secret. In fact, someone tried to replace him later, but he didn't know how to build it. He was once put in prison and finally had to be asked out of the mountain. 1436 When the church was completed, even the Pope was stunned by this "mythical dome". His grave is under the church. His statue in the church square points to his beloved dome.