1960, China provided 654.38 million spindles of cotton spinning equipment to North Korea and other projects.
196 1 year, China's foreign aid expenditure is close to the repayment of foreign debt expenditure.
After 1962, foreign aid exceeded debt repayment.
From 1958 to 1963, during the most difficult period in China, China undertook 29 complete sets of projects for North Korea in the form of interest-free loans, including textile mills, bearing factories, sugar factories, thermal instrumentation factories, relay factories, electron tube factories and radio parts factories.
2. Mongolia
From 65438 to 0956, China began to provide economic and technical assistance to Mongolia. China and Mongolia signed an economic and technical assistance agreement, and China provided Mongolia with10.50 billion yuan of free assistance.
1958 and 1960 provided Mongolia with two long-term low-interest loans. Due to the lack of technical strength in Mongolia, all aid projects are "turnkey", that is, China takes over everything and only gives the key to Mongolia after completion.
By 1964, 2 coal-fired power plants, wool textile mills, glass factories, paper mills, brick and tile factories, food markets, chicken farms, hospitals, sanatoriums and 6 bridges have been built. China was unable to manufacture the textile mill equipment proposed by Mongolia, so it did not hesitate to order from Britain with scarce foreign exchange.
3. Albania
China's aid to Albania has always been provided under Albania's own blockade and economic difficulties. Since 1954, China has provided Afghanistan with economic and military assistance equivalent to10 billion yuan, with a total population of only 2 million, with an average of more than 4,000 yuan per person (at that time, the per capita annual income in China was less than 100 yuan, and farmers in some places only earned 8 cents a day).
By the end of June, China had helped Albania to establish new industrial sectors such as steel, fertilizer, alkali, acid, glass, copper processing, paper making, plastics and military industry. , and newly built industrial enterprises such as electric power, coal, petroleum, machinery, light industry, textiles, building materials and other facilities such as communications, radio and television, with a total of 142.
In order to build these projects, China sent nearly 6,000 experts and trained thousands of Albanian technical backbones. The annual output of China Aid Afghanistan Fertilizer Plant is 200,000 tons, with an average area of 1 hectare of 400 kg, far exceeding the fertilizer consumption of rural cultivated land in China. The complexity and quantity of military aid projects far exceed the actual needs of Afghanistan.
In the early 1960s, China contracted all projects of Soviet aid to Albania, and the scale of aid was constantly expanding, which was almost responsive. At the end of 1960, it was the worst famine period in China, but it still provided emergency aid of 50,000 tons of grain to Albania. ?
China's aid to Albania is badly needed, even including 2 1 10,000 dollars of free foreign exchange.
Since 1950, the People's Republic of China (PRC) (China) has devoted itself to its own development and provided economic and technical assistance to more than 20 developing countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, Oceania and Eastern Europe.
Extended data:
There are eight main forms of China's foreign aid: complete sets of projects, general materials, technical cooperation, human resources development cooperation, foreign aid medical teams, emergency humanitarian assistance, foreign aid volunteers and debt relief.
Complete the project
Complete project assistance means that China helps the recipient countries to build projects in the production and civil fields by providing free aid and interest-free loans.
The Chinese side is responsible for all or part of the process of project survey, measurement, design and construction, providing all or part of equipment and building materials, and dispatching engineers and technicians to organize and guide the construction, installation and trial production. After the project is completed, it will be handed over to the recipient country for use.
Complete set of projects is the most important way of China's foreign aid. Since 1954, China has used the aid of complete sets of projects to repair railways, highways, ports, bridges and municipal transportation facilities damaged by the war in Vietnam and North Korea, and assisted a number of basic industries, making great contributions to the post-war reconstruction and economic development of the two countries.
Since then, the scale and scope of complete sets of projects have been expanding, accounting for a large proportion of foreign aid expenditure. At present, the complete set of project assistance accounts for about 40% of the financial expenditure of foreign aid.
By the end of 2009, China had helped developing countries to build more than 2,000 complete sets of projects closely related to local people's production and life, covering industries, agriculture, culture and education, health, communications, electricity, energy and transportation.
General material
General material assistance means that China provides the required production and living materials, technical products or single equipment to the recipient countries under the aid funds, and undertakes the necessary supporting technical services.
China's foreign aid began with the provision of general materials. In 1950s and 1960s, in order to support the national liberation and economic development of Asian and African countries, China provided a large number of production and living materials to these countries.
In addition to providing individual foreign aid materials, China also provides various supporting equipment and materials in coordination with the construction of complete sets of projects. China always takes the highest quality products produced in China as aid materials, and the materials provided cover many fields, such as mechanical equipment, medical equipment, testing equipment, transportation, office supplies, food, medicine and so on.
These materials meet the urgent needs of production and life in recipient countries, and some of them, such as civil aircraft, locomotives and container inspection equipment, have also promoted the improvement of equipment capacity and industrial development in recipient countries.
technical cooperation
Technical cooperation refers to sending experts from China to provide technical guidance for the subsequent production, operation or maintenance of completed complete projects, and training the management and technical personnel of recipient countries on the spot.
Help developing countries to carry out trial planting, trial planting and trial production for the development of production, and teach China agriculture and traditional handicraft technology; Help developing countries to complete professional investigation, exploration, planning, research and consultation.
Technical cooperation is an important way for China to help recipient countries enhance their independent development capacity. Technical cooperation covers a wide range of fields, including industrial production and management, agricultural planting and breeding, handicraft production such as weaving and embroidery, cultural education, physical training, medical care, clean energy development such as biogas and small hydropower, geological survey and exploration, and economic planning.
The term of technical cooperation is generally 1 to 2 years, which can be extended at the request of the other party if necessary.
Human resources development cooperation
Cooperation in human resources development means that China organizes various forms of personnel exchange programs such as government officials training, academic degree education and professional and technical training for developing countries through various bilateral channels.
From 65438 to 0953, China began to implement human resources development cooperation projects. From 1950s to 1970s, China received a large number of interns from North Korea, Viet Nam, Albania, Cuba, Egypt and other countries to study in China, covering more than 20 industries such as agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, light industry, textiles, transportation and health.
Since 198 1, China, in cooperation with the United Nations Development Programme, has held practical technical training courses in various fields for developing countries in China.
Since 1998, the government of China has started to hold seminars for officials, and the departments, fields and scale of training have expanded rapidly.
By the end of 2009, China had held more than 4,000 training courses for developing countries in China, with 654.38+200,000 trainees, including interns, management and technical personnel and officials. The training covers more than 20 fields, including economy, diplomacy, agriculture, health care and environmental protection.
At present, about 654.38 million people from developing countries receive training in China every year. In addition, China has trained a large number of management and technical personnel for recipient countries through technical cooperation.
Foreign aid medical team
Foreign aid medical team means that China sends a team of medical personnel to the recipient country to provide some medical equipment and medicines free of charge, and provide fixed-point or itinerant medical services in the recipient country.
1963, China sent the first medical team to Algeria. Up to now, China has sent foreign aid medical teams to 69 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America, the Caribbean and Oceania.
Foreign aid medical teams generally work in backward areas where the recipient countries are short of medicine and medicine, and the conditions are very difficult. Foreign aid medical team members have cured a large number of common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases, treated many difficult and serious diseases through acupuncture, massage and combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine, and saved the lives of many dying patients.
The members of the foreign aid medical team also taught medical technology to local medical staff, which promoted the improvement of local medical and health level. With superb medical skills, good medical ethics and a high sense of responsibility and mission, foreign aid medical team members have fully served the people of recipient countries and won the respect and praise of the governments and people of recipient countries.
By the end of 2009, China had sent more than 2 1000 foreign aid medical team members, and 260 million patients in recipient countries had been treated by Dr. China. In 2009, there were 60 medical teams supporting foreign countries, with 65,438+0,324 medical team members, providing medical services in 65,438+0,30 medical institutions in 57 developing countries.
Emergency humanitarian assistance
Emergency humanitarian assistance means that China, on its own initiative or at the request of the affected countries, provides emergency relief materials, cash or dispatches rescue workers to reduce the loss of people's lives and property and help the affected countries cope with the difficult situation caused by disasters.
Over the years, China has actively participated in foreign emergency rescue operations and played an increasingly important role in international emergency humanitarian relief.
In order to make the rescue operation faster and more effective, the China government formally established the emergency mechanism of humanitarian emergency relief assistance in September 2004. After the Indian Ocean tsunami in June, 5438+February, 2004, China launched the largest emergency rescue operation in the history of foreign aid, providing various kinds of assistance to the affected countries totaling more than 700 million yuan.
In the past five years, the China government has carried out nearly 200 emergency assistance, mainly including providing emergency technical assistance to Southeast Asian countries to prevent and control avian influenza; Provide material or cash emergency assistance for locust plague and cholera in Guinea-Bissau, dengue fever in Ecuador, influenza A1N/KLOC-0 in Mexico, earthquakes in Iran, Pakistan, Haiti and Chile, hurricanes in Madagascar, tropical storms in Myanmar and Cuba, floods in Pakistan, etc.
Provide emergency food aid to North Korea, Bangladesh, Nepal, Afghanistan, Burundi, Lesotho, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and other countries.
Foreign aid volunteers
Foreign aid volunteers refer to volunteers sent by China to other developing countries to provide services to local people in the fields of social development such as education, medical care and health care. At present, the volunteers sent by China mainly include foreign aid youth volunteers and Chinese teacher volunteers.
In May 2002, China sent five young volunteers to Laos for the first time, volunteering in the fields of education and medical care for half a year.
By the end of 2009, China had sent 405 young foreign aid volunteers to Thailand, Ethiopia, Laos, Myanmar, Seychelles, Libya, Guyana and other 19 developing countries, covering Chinese language teaching, Chinese medicine treatment, agricultural science and technology promotion, physical exercise, computer training, international rescue and other fields.
Among them, it has been sent to Ethiopia, Guyana and other countries in succession. In 2003, China began to send volunteers of Chinese teachers abroad. By the end of 2009, 7,590 China teacher volunteers had been sent to more than 70 countries around the world.
debt relief
Debt relief means that China forgives the government debts owed by some developing countries to China. The Government of China has never exerted repayment pressure on the debts owed by recipient countries to the Government of China.
When the recipient countries encounter difficulties in repaying the interest-free loans due, the China government has always adopted a flexible way to extend the repayment period through bilateral consultations. So as to further reduce the debt burden of countries with economic difficulties.
The first ministerial meeting of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in 2000, the high-level meeting on financing for development in 2005, the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in 2006, the high-level meeting on the Millennium Development Goals in 2008, the fourth ministerial meeting of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in 2009 and the high-level meeting on the Millennium Development Goals in 2065.
Six times announced the cancellation of interest-free loans to China from heavily indebted poor countries and least developed countries that have established diplomatic relations with China. By the end of 2009, China had signed debt cancellation protocols with 50 countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and Oceania, and cancelled 380 debts due, amounting to 25.58 billion yuan.
China's foreign aid-China net