There are round, sunflower, peach, lotus leaf, lotus flower, sugarcane segment and so on.

Mostly made of ceramics, jade, copper, etc.

The age of washing cannot be verified, but judging from the handed down products, it will not be later than the Tang Dynasty. It gradually increased in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and reached its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Various textures and styles of washing are too numerous to mention.

Author: Happy Big Difference 2 fans reply to this remark July 25, 2006 +06: 15.

3 Reply: Pen Wash (Figure)

Washing pens made of jade began in the Tang Dynasty, and handed down products are very rare.

One-handed jade washing with moire is an artifact of the Tang Dynasty.

This container is oval with a flat bottom.

One side has a cloud ring handle, the outer wall is embossed with double rows of moire, and the inner wall is light.

Emerald is turquoise with spots in some areas.

Its moire is very smooth and elegant, especially the moire recessed in the heart of the trident bone, which is one of the dating basis of jade carving in Tang Dynasty.

Author: Happy Big Difference 2 fans reply to this remark July 25, 2006 +06: 20.

4 Reply: Pen Wash (Figure)

Porcelain brushing was very common in the Song Dynasty, while jade brushing was rarely passed down from generation to generation.

In the Yuan Dynasty, there were jade bionic brushes and carved peach solid jade brushes, which looked like cutting peaches. On one side of the outer wall, the peach leaves are decorated with carvings and inscriptions, and extend to the mouth to become a washing handle.

Emerald is lake green and partially soaked in brown.

This kind of brushing is very common in porcelain brushing in Ming and Qing Dynasties, but it is extremely rare in Yuan Dynasty.

Author: Happy Big Difference 2 fans 2006-7-25 16:2 1 reply to this speech.

5 Reply: Pen Wash (Figure)

Jade brushing was common in Ming Dynasty, including peach washing, square washing, round washing, lotus washing and dragon washing.

Its typical feature is that the vessels are simple in shape, especially the decorative patterns give people a rough and unrestrained feeling, and there are few fine products in Qing Dynasty.

For example, the brush with jade dragon pattern is Haitang-style, flat-bottomed, with two dragons carved along one side of the outer mouth and dragons as the handle on the other side. Exquisite carving, but simple and rough decoration, very elegant and simple utensils, delicate jade.

Another example is the jade dragon handle wash, which is very close to the one-handed jade wash with moire, but the pattern is simple and bright, and there are few traces of artificial carving.

The characteristics of jade carving in Ming dynasty are very obvious.

Author: Happy Big Difference 2 fans reply to this remark July 25, 2006 +06: 32.

6 Reply: Pen washing (Figure)

Compared with the Ming dynasty, the number of jade brushes in the Qing dynasty increased significantly. In addition to the types of utensils seen in the Ming Dynasty, there are also leaf washing and melon washing.

Its carving is exquisite, full of luxury and wealth, which is obviously different from the rough and simple style of the Ming Dynasty, and the decorative patterns of washing and carving are more complicated, including figures, plants, animals, landscapes and so on.

For example, Jasper carved flowers and washed round, round, flat-bottomed, with double plates along the outer edge, but the engraving is extremely delicate, the washing heart is fragrant with flowers, the lines are delicate and smooth, and the flower patterns are also engraved along the handle plate and the outer wall, which is clear and rich in layers and has never been seen in the Ming Dynasty.

Another feature of jade washing in Qing Dynasty is that its ornamental value far exceeds its practicality. It is more appropriate to say that it is a study ornament than a study appliance.

Such as sapphire leaf washing, the washing body is long and narrow, and the washing handle is opposite lobule.

Its color is blue-green, equivalent to the color of leaves, and the carved veins are extremely clear and delicate.

If it is used to wash pens, it won't break things! Another example is the lotus leaf washing of blue and white jade, which is lotus leaf-shaped. This is nothing unusual, but the lotus pictures of five babies are embossed in water washing, with exquisite carving and lifelike characters.

Its ornamental value is quite strong, but its practicality is not strong. For example, if it is used to wash pens, how can the color in the water be rubbed between decorative patterns? This kind of jade washing was very common in Qing dynasty, which was one of the differences between Ming and Qing dynasties.

Author: Happy Big Difference 2 fans reply to this remark July 25, 2006 +06: 35.

7 Reply: Pen Wash (Figure)

Although there are records in the literature, such as Wang Song Yujun's Lao Guo Yuan Tan, he said: "Taizong wrote a book one day, but his pen was dull. He wants to wash Su Mo in the inkstone, but he cares about the left and right, and the salt is not there because he leans over the copper pool to wash. "

This copper pool was washed with a copper pen.

But before the Ming Dynasty, artifacts were scarce. As far as the artifacts seen in the Qing Dynasty are concerned, they are mostly round, drum-shaped, lightly washed and lightly decorated, and their bodies are extremely polished. For example, bronze washing was the object of A Qing dynasty.

Author: Happy Big Difference Two fans replied to this remark July 25, 2006 +06: 36.

8 Reply: Pen Wash (Figure)

Washing pens made of porcelain began in the Tang and Song Dynasties and were very popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Rich handed down products have become the mainstream of pen washing, which is the most ornamental in the study stationery.

Ming Tulong's "Book Examination and Pen Washing" says: "Today's use is washing, and the best is Guan Geyuan washing and sunflower washing."

Pottery washing was first seen in three-color printed pattern washing in Tang Dynasty, while porcelain washing was all the rage in Song Dynasty. Ge kiln, Ru kiln, Longquan kiln, official kiln and Jun kiln all have products handed down from ancient times.

Its shapes include round washing, square washing, hexagonal nozzle washing, three-legged washing, drum nail washing, plate edge washing, sugarcane segment washing, card washing and so on.

Or facial cleanser wins with glaze color, or has dark carved patterns, which are elegant and generous.

It was not only a treasure of the imperial court at that time, but also a model for later generations. It's hard to find a daughter.

Rose purple glaze begonia wash, Jun kiln in Song Dynasty, six petals folded in half, with three clouds at the bottom.

Wash the moon white inside and rose purple outside, which is the porcelain used by the court in the Song Dynasty. This washing method and drum nail washing method were more common in Song Dynasty.

Author: Happy Big Difference 2 fans reply to this remark July 25, 2006 +06: 40.

9 Reply: Pen Wash (Figure)

After water washing appeared in the Song Dynasty, it quickly replaced other materials and has been burned for several generations, with obvious characteristics of the times.

There are few washed porcelain handed down from generation to generation in the Jin Dynasty. So far, the matrix is thick and the decorative patterns are simple and bold.

Printed chrysanthemum petal washing was made in Yaozhou kiln of Jin Dynasty, and the wall washing was chrysanthemum petal-shaped with shallow belly and flat bottom.

Wash the heart and print the vine leaves, the lines are washed and refined, and the patterns are clear.

Although it is not exquisite, it also has a concise and bold artistic effect.

Author: Happy Big Difference Two fans replied to this remark July 25, 2006 +06: 54.

10 reply: pen washing (figure)

Substitute porcelain is mainly used in daily life, and the furniture in the study is also burned, but the amount of washing is very small, so the specific surface is not very clear.

The research on porcelain furniture in Ming Dynasty reached the second peak since Song Dynasty. All washing styles in the Song Dynasty were made and imitated, and the ten-sided washing was the first, with novel and unique shapes.

The blue-and-white dragon-patterned ten-ribbed washer fired in Yongle period is ten-ribbed, with a small mouth, a shallow abdomen and a flat bottom, and decorative patterns on the outer wall and the washer.

Fetal white matter is delicate, blue and white color is rich, and it produces many offspring.

The shape of three-legged foot washing in Ming dynasty is also very unique. The plain three-colored sea toad washes its feet, closes its mouth, shoulders and drums, the upper abdomen protrudes, the lower abdomen adducts, and the three clouds bear its head and feet.

Like jade washing, porcelain washing in Ming Dynasty paid more attention to practical value. Although the washing body is decorated with gorgeous patterns and the firing is quite exquisite, it will not reduce its use function at all.

Porcelain brushing in the Qing Dynasty went a step further on the basis of the Ming Dynasty, with richer shapes. In addition to inheriting the previous direction, the newly burned bamboo, eight sides, waist and fan were washed.

In addition to round washing, peach washing and leaf washing are more common, with beautiful and unique shapes and high ornamental value.

For example, the lotus leaf washed with imitation Longquan glaze and the peach washed with imitation Ru kiln glaze fired by Yongzheng and Qianlong respectively have novel shapes and ingenious ideas.

Author: Happy Big Difference 2 fans replied to this statement on July 25th, 2006 17: 00.

1 1 reply: pen washing (figure)

Another typical feature of porcelain washing in Qing dynasty is that decoration is more than practicality, which is especially obvious in some special porcelain washing styles.

For example, three-legged floor washing imitates ceramic glaze and floor washing octagonal. For example, cutting half a peach, the bottom bearing is a simulated three-legged trunk, and the trunk plates are attached upward to form a double handle, which is very unique in shape, not only practical but also of great ornamental value.

Another example is the tricolor brush wash, which is shaped like a stump, with pine branches and squirrels at the mouth, and a buffalo lying flat at the bottom of the brush wash. Its bright colors and vivid patterns make it difficult for people to use the pen as a learning tool.

Due to the large output of porcelain brushing in Ming and Qing dynasties, there are many handed down products, so it is necessary to carefully study the characteristics of each dynasty in the specific collection process in order to accurately date the generations.

In addition to the above materials, there are agate and crystal.

Because there are few handed down products, the market price is very high, which is far from what ordinary Tibetans can afford, so I won't introduce it here.

Author: Happy Big Difference 2 fans replied to this statement on July 25th, 2006 17: 00.

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Author: Happy Big Difference 2 fans reply to this remark July 25, 2006 +07: 02.

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Author: Happy Big Difference 2 fans reply to this remark July 25, 2006 +07: 03.

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