Lesson 1 kaodian

Focus: the patriarchal system of enfeoffment in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

1, Xia was the first dynasty in the history of China, and China's early national political system began in: Xia;

2. The establishment of the hereditary system of the throne is an important symbol of China's transition from primitive society to slave society.

3, enfeoffment system (content, characteristics and significance)

Features: Zhou and he are both lords, and princes are princes.

Significance: strengthen the rule and consolidate the kingship.

4. The biggest characteristics of the patriarchal clan system in the Western Zhou Dynasty are: the first eldest son inheritance system;

Influence: Ensuring the monopoly position of nobles is conducive to the stability and unity within the ruling group.

5. The patriarchal clan system in the Western Zhou Dynasty was a political system that was mutually exclusive to the enfeoffment system.

6. The hereditary system of the throne, the patriarchal clan system and the enfeoffment system together constitute the main body of the political system in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, which has had a far-reaching impact on China society.

Lesson 2 kaodian

Focus: the formation of centralization in Qin Dynasty.

Difficulties: the role and influence of Qin dynasty in establishing centralization.

1. The Qin Dynasty was the first unified and centralized feudal country in the history of China.

2. The formation of centralization.

(1) Mikado system: ① Origin of the title of "Emperor" ② Mikado system: Emperor's exclusive respect, supremacy of imperial power and hereditary succession of the throne ③ The core content of Mikado system: supremacy of imperial power and dictatorship of the emperor.

(2) The central system of "three public officials and nine ministers" and the local county system.

(1) Characteristics of the Central Bureaucracy in the Qin Dynasty:

First, it is a central administrative system centered on imperial power.

Second, it fully embodies the characteristics of "home is the world". (The ruling characteristics of feudal times-the state and the family ruled together)

(2) Abolishing the enfeoffment system and implementing the county system is a fundamental change in establishing centralization.

County was the highest administrative unit of the central government of Qin Dynasty.

3. Measures to consolidate reunification: ① Promulgating the Qin Law; (2) unified measurement, currency and railways; (3) unified text.

4. The influence of centralization in Qin Dynasty;

The influence of (1) on Qin Dynasty: ① it was beneficial to the development of feudal economy and culture; (2) initially lay the territory of the motherland, consolidate national unity, and (3) form the Chinese nation with Huaxia as the main body. (4) The autocratic rule of the landlord class over the broad masses of the people was established, and the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty worsened the people's situation.

(2) Influence on later generations:

The political system of centralization and autocratic rule established by the Qin Dynasty was very groundbreaking, which laid the basic pattern of China's feudal political system for more than 2,000 years, which was used by feudal dynasties in past dynasties and was constantly strengthened and improved.

Lesson 3 kaodian

Focus: The main features of China's ancient political system.

1. Features of the central political system in the Han Dynasty: Korea inherited the Qin system of "China Korea" and "foreign Korea".

2. The characteristics of the central political system in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: the system of three provinces and six departments gradually formed.

3. The system of three provinces and six departments in ancient China was perfected in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

4. The characteristics of the political system in the Song Dynasty: constantly weakening and dividing the power of the prime minister, and further strengthening the imperial power.

5. "Erfu" in Song Dynasty: Zhongshumen was the highest administrative organ; The Privy Council is the highest military and political body.

Participate in politics-deputy minister, with executive power of the Prime Minister.

Three Secrets-Managing Finance and Dividing the Financial Power of the Prime Minister

6. The characteristics of the central political system in Yuan Dynasty: integrating the political system of Han and Mongolia, strengthening imperial power and making new progress.

Zhongshu Province-the highest administrative organ

Privy Council-the highest military organ

The institutions that directed religious affairs and governed Tibet in the Yuan Dynasty were: Zheng Xuan Academy;

7. The beginning of China's provincial system is: the provincial system in Yuan Dynasty;

The establishment of the provincial system in Yuan Dynasty was a major change in the local administrative system.

County system (Qin Dynasty)-county-state parallel system and county-state three-level system (Han Dynasty)-county-state two-level system (Sui-Song Dynasty)-provincial system.

8. The main features of China's ancient political system:

(1) The continuous strengthening of autocratic centralization is its development track.

(2) In the central government, the relative power is weakened and the monarchical power is strengthened. In the relationship between the central government and local governments, the central government strictly controls local political power and does not allow an independent administrative system to exist.

(3) Local officials must obey their superiors, local governments obey the central authorities and finally the central authorities.

Lesson 4 kaodian

Emphasis: Measures to strengthen absolute monarchy in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

1, China's prime minister system was abolished in: Ming Taizu;

Solved the contradiction between monarchical power and relative power-strengthened absolute monarchy.

2. After the abolition of the prime minister system in the Ming Dynasty, in order to reduce the work pressure of the emperor, a cabinet was added;

3, the difference between the prime minister system and cabinet system:

The prime minister is endowed with decision-making power by the system and his position is very stable.

The cabinet is only an advisory body of the emperor's attendants and has no decision-making power.

4. Distinguish the essential differences between cabinet system in Ming Dynasty and cabinet system in modern western countries:

Cabinet is the product of autocratic imperial power, which safeguarded the absolute power of the monarch, ensured the effective rule of the monarch over the whole country, and further consolidated the supremacy of imperial power.

Modern western cabinet is a political and democratic supervision mechanism, which helps to prevent autocracy.

5. The symbol of the development of absolute monarchy in China is that Yong Zhengdi set up a military department in Qing Dynasty.

6. The influence of strengthening absolute monarchy in Ming and Qing Dynasties:

Positive role: it is conducive to the unity and consolidation, social stability, economic development and cultural prosperity of multi-ethnic countries, and provides political guarantee for the emergence of the prosperous era of Kanggan.

Negative effects: It has seriously stifled social creativity, hindered the budding development of capitalism and slowed down the pace of social development, which is one of the main reasons why China lags behind the West.