Spatial structure refers to a structure with three-dimensional shape, three-dimensional stress characteristics and work in space. His structural system is generally divided into frame structure, truss structure, arch structure, shell structure, suspended cable structure, grid structure, cantilever structure, membrane structure, inflatable structure and so on. They are different because of their respective characteristics and scope of application. In the 20th century, human activities became more open, and people no longer closed their doors to the outside world, but constantly expanded exchanges between countries, continents and even the whole world. This demand will inevitably affect the pattern of human architecture. Among all kinds of communication activities, sports competition is undoubtedly the most exciting way. Therefore, Olympic stadiums and World Cup soccer stadiums have mushroomed all over the world. Academic, cultural, artistic and commercial exchanges have prompted some big cities to build large-scale exhibition centers. In addition, various temporary and permanent expositions also need tens of thousands of square meters. In order to communicate, people should travel more by air. The 20th century is the century of jetliners, so large-scale waiting halls and hangars were born in this century. Without exception, these buildings require a large space for activities, so their large span, light weight and modeling have become the common characteristics of these buildings, and sometimes closed spaces are required to be opened and closed at any time. Looking at the development history of building structure, three-dimensional spatial structure can best meet the above requirements and often becomes the first choice among many structural schemes. This makes the energy saving of this large public space building an important branch of building energy saving. For example, Beijing, a large public building area that accounts for only 5.4% of civil buildings, consumes nearly half of the electricity consumption of the city's residents throughout the year. Therefore, the green and energy-saving space building is an inevitable requirement to create a conservation-oriented society, so how to learn from the space structure building is naturally particularly important. Here is an introduction to the application of bionics in spatial structure. 1. Bionic architectural form is the most common bionic way in architectural bionics. People imitate the form of natural creatures, thus creating architectural forms with changeable shapes. Most of the information created by human beings comes from the simulation and re-creation of nature. With the continuous improvement of living standards and scientific and technological level, people's requirements for product design are no longer limited to outstanding leaders who paid attention to functions in the past, but pursue simple and simple natural style. According to people's aesthetic and spiritual needs, bionic design is advocated. Let design return to nature, and let human beings fully integrate into nature, which is the main strategy to make human beings and the environment * * *. For example, according to the fact that everything in the world involves symmetry, the left-right symmetry architecture is adopted, but in fact, left-right symmetry is not necessary for function. Symmetry-the simplest form of beauty that people can easily obtain. "In almost all designs, nature has given mankind the most powerful information." -East End example 1: When Sydney Opera House talks about bionic architecture, everyone will think of the symbol of Australia-Sydney Opera House (as shown in figure 1). Photo 1 Sydney Opera House The Sydney Opera House is Australia's National Center for the Performing Arts, also known as the Sea Opera House. It stands on Beniland Point in Sydney, the capital of New South Wales, next to an island of the world-famous Harbour Bridge, surrounded by the sea on three sides, and the southern end faces the botanical garden and government building in the city. The architectural style is novel, peculiar and magnificent. It looks like a fleet sailing to the sea, and it also looks like a huge white shell standing on the beach. It blends with the surrounding seascape and is poetic, and has become a symbol of Sydney. The Sydney Opera House broke ground in March 1959, which lasted 14 years and cost more than1000000 Australian dollars. 1973 completed and unveiled in June. Its structural form is inconsistent with practice. It looks like a shell structure, but it is actually a reinforced concrete arch rib structure, which is an "expensive" bionic work. 2. Mechanical bionics With the continuous enrichment of architectural forms and types, modern buildings should have the characteristics of large span, high strength, safety, light weight, energy saving, economy and applicability, so the building structures with high efficiency, low consumption, material saving and recycling are increasingly favored by people. Structural bionics draws inspiration from nature, so as to realize the bionics of building mechanics, structure and material properties. The study of biological structure and morphology is an effective way to realize these requirements. Taking animals, plants, microorganisms and human beings as prototypes, by investigating the laws of natural selection and optimization, the structural system in the prototype is extracted to provide reasonable modeling for new building structures; By analyzing the structural characteristics of the system, it is applied to the structural mechanics of the whole building. "Human spirituality will create all kinds of inventions, but they can't make these inventions better, simpler and clearer; Because the products of nature are just right. " -Da Vinci Example 2: The nests of animals are not only places for us to learn, but also the nests and ways they build are worth learning. The bird's nest they built can solve a series of problems such as structure, ventilation, lighting, warmth and so on, and it is the best structure to save energy. They are "born" architects in the world, and the following is only about the Bird's Nest. Birds are messengers of spring and friends of human beings. They not only have bright feathers, euphemistic songs, but also the Bird's Nest, which is known as "natural works of art". There is a saying among the French: "People can build anything except the Bird's Nest." It can be seen that this natural work of art is not only beautiful, but also ingenious. It is an immortal masterpiece of nature and an inexhaustible creative source of human architectural conception. Birds are talented architects. Weaving birds can weave bark into nests, sewing leaves into leaves into nests, swallows can build nests with mud balls, buried birds can build nests at constant temperature, and bone-topped birds can build floating nests ... Birds show people unparalleled architectural works of art. Today, with the rapid development of science, architectural modeling, design, calculation, materials, construction and site selection all need innovation and development. Isn't the Bird's Nest a good example for us to imitate, learn and learn from? The "Bird's Nest" of the National Stadium consists of a series of radial portal steel trusses rotating around the bowl-shaped seating area. It has a scientific and concise structure, novel and unique design, and is a giant building with international characteristics. Figure 2 "Bird's Nest" effect Figure 3. Bionic materials science is one of the most important high technologies at present, and has made great progress. At present, people can design and manufacture a variety of materials according to their needs. So far, some materials closely related to human life, such as natural bones, pearls, silk, shells and other natural biological materials, have not been copied by human beings. Every year, millions of patients with osteopathy can only rely on artificial bones made of metal, ceramics and composite materials for treatment. At present, the analysis of the structure, properties and growth mechanism of natural biomaterials, as well as their replication, is a major frontier topic in materials science research. A new discipline-bionic materials science is emerging. Example 3: Spider web spiders are the best structural engineers in nature. The net it weaves is as soft as water, but as elastic as branches, and its structure is unparalleled. Spider web is a simple and beautiful natural creation. Although it is generally believed that the shape of cobwebs is similar to logarithmic spiral. But the actual spider web is much more complicated than the logarithmic spiral, so that the current mathematics can not accurately describe it. The spiral spider web is economical and regularly filled with space, which is not only strong, but also uses the least materials. Figure 3 1972 Panorama of the roof structure of Munich Olympic Stadium. Steel and glass structures are supported by the tension of steel cables, and this design with the same principle as cobwebs has become a masterpiece of architecture. 4. Functional bionic building function is also very common for biological bionics and has strong practicability. The bionics of architectural function is a complicated and difficult process, because the function is not as obvious as the shape and structure of living things, and it takes a process to understand it. The bionics of architectural function started late in architectural bionics, and it is also a weak link, but once it is mastered and used well, it will bring us great benefits. Example 4: Daylighting The leaves of each plant are attached to the stem in a certain way, and the order of this arrangement is called leaf order. Leaf order can usually be divided into three types: alternate, opposite and whorled. No matter what kind of leaf order, it follows a rule, even if the leaves keep the maximum light receiving surface, forming a mosaic arrangement of leaves. This characteristic is the result of green leaves ensuring more photosynthetic products to adapt to the sun for a long time. Inspired by the mosaic characteristics of leaves, designers have designed many exquisite and unique spiral high-rise buildings, so that almost every room in the building has enough sunshine and fresh air. When we observe some tree crowns, we can see the asymmetric characteristics of tree crowns, which have spontaneous adaptability to orientation, living space, illumination and wind direction. According to the characteristics of asymmetric canopy, in order to make full use of sunlight in cold areas (according to the opposite principle in tropical areas), plane design with different depths from north to south can be adopted, such as deepening the depth of sunny side and reducing the depth of shady side, which can increase the utilization rate of solar energy. Conclusion China officially became a member of WTO on 200 1. Joining WTO means that China's construction industry will face a more open market. At present, it has begun to take shape, and powerful international architectural design firms are occupying the design market in China. Most of the major national or local projects in our country are left by outsiders. If we carefully observe the planning at home and abroad, it is not difficult to find that the exquisite steel structure buildings abroad have an obvious increasing trend, and the quality has also been obviously improved. Design is changing from "extensive stage" to "intensive stage". Working towards the direction of careful design, reasonable material selection and fine processing will undoubtedly make China's steel structure buildings by going up one flight of stairs, and will undoubtedly enhance the competitiveness of design units. In the fierce competition of Japanese TV drama design market, the technical advantage of design is a necessary condition for winning the bid. Lack of technical performance and technical content means backwardness, and backwardness means losing the election. In the long run, it will be difficult to survive. Even if there is no survival crisis at present, we should be prepared for danger in times of peace and try our best to design the bionic steel structure building.