2. What is economic system reform? How many economic system reforms have taken place in the history of China? Economic system refers to the sum of various mechanisms for making and implementing economic decisions in a certain region (usually a country). Usually it is the management system and operation mode of a country's national economy. It is a specific form of production, circulation and distribution organized by the state under a certain economic system or a specific form of national economic system. Socio-economic relations, that is, all aspects involved in economic activities, the status of units and individuals, and the interest relationship between them are all expressed through such a system.
The first is the era of three emperors and five emperors that cannot be verified. At that time, it was collective public ownership, and materials were distributed in a unified plan.
Before the Xia, Shang, Zhou, Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Qin Dynasty, it was slavery and was owned by slave owners.
From the Qin dynasty to the Republic of China, this pair was almost the bud of capitalism in time, and the business atmosphere was relatively strong.
This section contains two systems, feudal lords system, feudal landlords system, small-scale peasant economy and self-sufficiency.
Major economic system reform after the founding of New China;
The first time: in the early days of the People's Republic of China ~ 1956, public ownership was transformed into a highly centralized planned economic system.
The second time: after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee: the single economic system was transformed into an economic system with public ownership as the main body and multiple economic components coexisting.
The third time: the transition to the socialist market economic system since the 1990s.
3. The economic achievements of China since the reform and opening up are as follows: 1. Economically: 1.978. Since 2006, China's economic aggregate has expanded rapidly, with GDP increasing from 364.5 billion yuan to 2108765438 billion yuan, an increase of nearly 60 times.
China's economic achievements are written not only in the history of China, but also in the history of the world. Nearly 70% of global poverty reduction achievements in the past 25 years are attributed to China; Fully integrated into the world economic system. 2. Ideology: The historical changes brought by the reform and opening up to the people of China are not only the improvement of living standards, but also the great changes in spiritual life and ideas.
One of the biggest changes in the past 30 years of reform and opening up is to break the monotonous and unified lifestyle and thinking mode that worships personality and violates human nature, and the spiritual and cultural life is increasingly diversified, and the ideas are increasingly diversified. 3. Economic growth: China's economy has not only achieved long-term, sustained and rapid growth, but also achieved steady growth.
The steady economic growth mentioned here mainly refers to the change of economic cycle from super-strong wave cycle (the difference between the economic growth rate in low-valley years and peak years is more than 20 percentage points), strong wave cycle (the difference is more than 10 percentage point), medium wave cycle (the difference is more than 5 percentage points) to light wave cycle (the difference is less than 5 percentage points). 4. Politically, by implementing the strategy of governing the country according to law, the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics has been improved day by day; The system of people's congresses and the system of regional ethnic autonomy are improving day by day, and one country, two systems has solved the return and smooth transition of Hong Kong and Macao.
5. Education: At present, the scale of higher education in China ranks first in the world, the number of doctoral students ranks first in the world, and the number of primary and secondary school students ranks first in the world; * * * Free compulsory education has been promoted in rural and urban areas, and China has taken the first step to achieve educational equity. The education in China has been continuously reformed, and it has developed steadily from exam-oriented education to quality education. Popularizing high school education is the general trend at present.
6. Science and technology: From the successful launch test of 1979 long-range rocket, to the first manned space flight in 2003, and then to the successful return of Shenzhou VI manned space satellite in 2005, China astronauts made the motherland a powerful country in space science and technology through exploration! In 20 18, China's lunar exploration project will achieve new breakthroughs. The Chang 'e-4 mission will be launched twice this year, achieving the world's first soft landing on the back of the moon, patrolling and surveying, and writing a new chapter in the history of lunar exploration.
Extended information about the three major turning points of reform and opening up: 1. The first great turning point is the transformation from a highly centralized planned economy system to a socialist market economy system full of vitality and vitality. 2. The second turning point is the change from a closed and semi-closed society to a completely open society.
The third great turning point is the social transformation of people's life from food and clothing to basic well-off. Without reform and opening up, it is impossible to realize the three major changes.