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People's education printing plate senior one history teaching plan
Section IV Establishment of the Republic of China (2 class hours)

academic goal

First, the basic knowledge:

The background and purpose of imperialist intervention in the China revolution Yuan Shikai's coming out of the mountain: the establishment of the provisional government of the Republic of China and its domestic and foreign policies; The promulgation and nature of the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China: the abdication of the Qing emperor and Yuan Shikai's usurpation of the achievements of the Revolution of 1911: the historical achievements, failure reasons and lessons of the Revolution of 1911.

Second, ideological understanding.

1. The Revolution of 1911 was a great bourgeois-democratic revolution against imperialism and feudalism in China's modern history.

2. Because of the support of imperialism and the weakness of the bourgeoisie itself, the achievements of the Revolution of 1911 were stolen by Yuan Shikai, educating students to understand the essence of imperialism.

3. By analyzing the reasons and historical lessons of the failure of the Revolution of 1911, guide students to realize that the bourgeois republic scheme is not feasible in semi-colonial and semi-feudal China.

Third, the ability requirements

1. By analyzing the attitude of imperialism towards the Revolution of 1911 and Yuan Shikai's duplicity, cultivate students' ability to see the essence through phenomena.

2. By telling the bourgeois revolution and weakness in the Revolution of 1911, cultivate students' ability to analyze problems with the viewpoint of class analysis.

3. Guide the analysis and discussion of the achievements and lessons of the Revolution of 1911, and cultivate and enhance students' ability to evaluate historical events by using the basic viewpoints and methods of dialectical materialism and historical materialism based on teaching materials and learned knowledge.

Heavier and harder.

Focus: the establishment of the Republic of China; Historical achievements and lessons of the Revolution of 1911.

Difficulties: analyze and understand the revolutionary and weak nature of the bourgeoisie.

Know and understand the achievements and lessons of the Revolution of 1911.

I. Imperialism's Interference and Destruction of the Revolution of 1911

1, military threat, economic strangulation

Imperialism has always hated and destroyed the China Revolution. After the Wuchang Uprising broke out, imperialism actively prepared for armed intervention in the China Revolution (performance: three points in the textbook P87: mobilizing troops and warships; Trafficking in weapons; Interception of customs duties)

2. Support new agents under the guise of "strict neutrality"

Reasons from armed intervention to "strict neutrality": Open armed intervention is difficult to stop the revolution.

Essence: Cultivate new agents to prevent the destruction of the revolution.

Results: Yuan Shikai was appointed as the Prime Minister of the Cabinet and held all the ruling power of the Qing Dynasty.

3. Help Yuan Shikai plan the idea of "North-South Peace Talks": How did the "North-South Peace Talks" come into being?

North: On the one hand, Yuan Shikai promoted the revolutionary party, on the other hand, he forced the Qing government to accept peace talks.

South: Constitutionalists and the old bureaucrats of the military government tried their best to compromise with Yuan Shikai, and revolutionaries also agreed to stop fighting and negotiate peace.

Process:1911.12. Wu, the representative of the south, and Tang, the representative of the north, formally held peace talks in the British Concession in Shanghai.

Second, the establishment of the Republic of China.

Thinking: How was the Nanjing Provisional Government established? Why is it a revolutionary government with bourgeois revolutionaries as the main body?

Briefly introduce Sun Yat-sen's return to China and his election as interim president by an absolute majority.

1, Nanjing Provisional Government was established.

General situation of establishment: (time, * * *, national flag, capital, calendar, era)

Nature: a revolutionary government with bourgeois revolutionaries as the main body.

Internal and external policies: political, economic, cultural and educational, reading lists in social life, laws and measures. On the diplomatic front, see P86, and publish a letter to a friend: admit that the unequal treaty signed by the Qing government and imperialism is still valid.

Thinking: What is the historical significance of Nanjing Provisional Government's domestic policy?

Why did Sun Yat-sen admit that the unequal treaty signed by the Qing government and imperialism is still valid? What do you think of this diplomatic declaration?

2. Promulgation of the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China

After the establishment of the Nanjing government, an important document, the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China, was promulgated, which was one of the important achievements of the Revolution of 1911. 19 12 spring was formulated by the Senate and promulgated by Sun Yat-sen.

Thinking: What is the purpose of the promulgation of the Interim Contract Law? Why is it the first bourgeois democratic constitution?

Objective: To limit Yuan Shikai's dictatorship and maintain the Republican system.

Content: Three aspects (sovereignty belongs to the people, separation of powers and responsible cabinet) embody the political system of separation of powers, and senators have the power to impeach the president; Cabinet system is not presidential system.

This is because Yuan Shikai is stepping up to usurp the fruits of revolutionary victory, and the revolutionaries are trying to bind Yuan Shikai with contracts.

Nature: It is the first bourgeois democratic constitution in the history of China.

Significance: It has the progressive significance of opposing feudal autocracy.

Third, Yuan Shikai usurped the revolutionary achievements.

1, reason:

Four factors of Yuan Shikai's encroachment on the fruits of revolutionary victory;

(1) imperialist support:

(2) Constitutionalists and old bureaucrats took the opportunity to attack.

(3) The weak compromise of the bourgeois revolutionaries.

(4) Yuan Shikai's personal politics and intrigues:

2. After that

1. forced the Qing emperor to abdicate.

He takes a two-faced approach. On the one hand, he claimed that the abdication of the Qing emperor gave generous conditions, on the other hand, he instigated his subordinates to publish electricity and demand the Republic. Under Yuan Shikai's threats and inducements, the Qing Emperor Xuan Tong announced his abdication. The time is 19 12.2. 12. The Qing Dynasty, which ruled China for more than 260 years, ended. At that time, the Republic of China gave generous conditions, and historians have different views on this. Some people think that this is a means to quickly establish a republic, but more people think that keeping the small palace is a compromise to feudal forces.

(2) Electrification in favor of the Republic forced Sun Yat-sen to resign from the Senate.

On the second day after the abdication of the Qing emperor, Yuan Shikai announced that he was in favor of the Republic, and Sun Yat-sen immediately submitted his resignation to the Senate. In his resignation, in order to limit Yuan Shikai's rights, he put forward three conditions: the interim government takes Nanjing as its capital, the new president takes office in Nanjing, and the new president must abide by the interim constitution. He tried to get Yuan Shikai to leave his hometown of Beijing and put him under the supervision and legal restraint of the Southern Revolutionary Party.

The Senate elected Yuan Shikai as the second interim president of the Republic of China.

③1912.3.10. He was appointed as the interim president of the Republic of China in Beijing.

Sun Yat-sen's first two conditions were quickly dispelled by Yuan Shikai's tricks. So 19 12.3. 10. Yuan Shikai's appointment as interim president of the Republic of China in Beijing marked that the victory of the Revolution of 1911 was usurped by Yuan Shikai.

The interim government moved northward. /kloc-in April, Sun Yat-sen officially resigned.

Fourthly, the historical achievements and lessons of the Revolution of 1911.

1. Nature: This is a great bourgeois-democratic revolution in China's modern history.

Discussion: Do you think the Revolution of 1911 was a success or a failure? Please explain why?

2. Advantages

(1) a fatal blow to the feudal monarchy.

(2) dealt a heavy blow to imperialist aggression.

③ It has created favorable conditions for the development of Chinese national capitalism.

④ It had a wide influence on the national liberation movement in Asian countries.

3. Reasons for failure

The achievements of the Revolution of 1911 are great, but its achievements and failures coexist. The failure of the Revolution of 1911 is not only manifested in Yuan Shikai's usurpation of the revolutionary achievements, but also in his failure to complete the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolutionary tasks, and the semi-colonial and semi-feudal social nature of China has not changed. So fundamentally speaking, the Revolution of 1911 was a failure.

Reason for failure: objectively, it is the joint strangulation of Chinese and foreign reactionary forces.

Subjectively, it is due to the weakness and compromise of the bourgeoisie. (analyze its specific performance)

4. Courses:

The failure of the Revolution of 1911 left us with a profound lesson: in semi-colonial and semi-feudal China, the plan of the bourgeois republic was not feasible.