The Tombs Era (alias: こふんじだぃ), also known as the Yamato Era, is the era after the Yayoi Era in Japan, which began in 250 AD and ended in 538 AD, and was named after the rulers at that time built a large number of "ancient tombs".

After the Yayoi era, the era of building ancient graves prevailed, and finally at the beginning of the seventh century. Ancient graves were first built in the middle of the third century, and the circular ancient graves are scattered in a vast area with Nara Prefecture as the center, Fukushima Prefecture in the north, Kumamoto Prefecture and Oita Prefecture in the south. In the fifth century, the suite was expanded from Miyagi Prefecture to Kagoshima Prefecture. Ancient tombs only buried tribal leaders and were built by tribal members. At that time, agricultural production was still carried out at the same time, and the main form of property was tribal leaders.

In the fifth century, this primitive ownership relationship began to collapse, and the extended family developed into production units and movable property ownership units. Conflicts of interest occurred within primitive tribes. On the basis of this change, since the middle of the fifth century, the civil war between powerful tribes in Guinea has intensified. Some powerful tribes are related to the ancient patterns of Kuzu and the ancient tombs of the five kings of Japan. These powerful tribes later conquered the powerful tribes of Yamato and Jibei. In the sixth century, the emerging forces of the system of succession to the emperor unified the tribes in the east of the capital and established the status of the king. Kitakyushu forces, led by MICHELLE Iwai's construction, had hoped to gain a similar status and resist, but this resistance had been defeated before obtaining this status. During the civil war, the local leaders granted the powerful members of the tribe the right to build small ancient graves to enhance their fighting capacity and win the civil war. Therefore, the ancient grave, which was originally a human head tomb, evolved into a small ancient grave (cluster grave) in the second half of the fifth century. This trend further developed in the sixth century. More than100000 ancient tombs have been built all over the country. The main part of the ancient grave also adopts horizontal cave stone chambers, which is very suitable for strengthening the existence of large families with autonomy. Several generations of family members are buried in the stone chamber, with weapons as the center and necessities after death, such as funerary wares and earthenware wares.

However, the appearance of a large number of small ancient tombs has gradually weakened the nature of ancient tombs as rulers' buildings. Therefore, from the end of the sixth century to the beginning of the seventh century, Japanese monarchs tried their best to build temples in Guinea and restricted the construction of small ancient tombs. Kings and powerful nobles were buried in large square tombs that imitated the mausoleum of Emperor China. In this way, the era of ancient graves is coming to an end, and the so-called Dahua "thin burial order" has further contributed to this tendency, leaving only the small and gorgeous ancient graves of aristocrats such as Gao Songzhong's ancient tomb. The ancient tombs in Guandong and Northeast China ended later than in western Japan, and the round tombs were still under construction until the first half of the seventh century.

In addition, the rice fields recently discovered in the 6th century in Takasaki City, Gunma County were divided into more than 230 plots to raise the water temperature. Each plot covers an area of about 2 hectares, leaving an extremely long footprint of 24.5 cm on the surface of the rice fields.

History and culture

The era after the Yayoi era in ancient Japan was named after the ruling class built a large number of "ancient graves" at that time. The distribution of ancient graves is basically all over Japan except Hokkaido. This era began in 250 AD and ended in the 6th century AD. Generally, it can be divided into prophase, metaphase and anaphase, which are equivalent to the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th centuries, or classified as anaphase, or called the last stage or the last stage.

From the beginning of the 8th century, cremation became popular, and ancient tombs declined rapidly. At this time, the first Japanese history books "Koji" and "Ji Shu of Japan" were compiled one after another, thus entering the historical era called in Japanese archaeology. Therefore, the ancient grave era belongs to the primitive historical era of Japan. In this era, ironware developed further. It completely replaced the stone tools in production tools and the bronzes in weapons. With the improvement of agricultural production level, the expansion of cultivated land and the increase of crop varieties, animal husbandry has also developed; Handicraft industry has made new development, and the division of labor with agriculture has been further clarified; A national central regime emerged, namely the Yamato regime centered on the inner region of Guinea. Words began to appear.

In addition to the most important rice, agricultural products include grains such as millet, barley, wheat, soybeans and adzuki beans, fruits and vegetables such as melons, eggplants, radishes, peaches and persimmons, and hemp is also widely planted. Among farm tools, stone tools have disappeared, wooden shovels and hoes are inlaid with iron mouths, and there are big iron three-toothed harrows or four-toothed harrows, which are most suitable for reclamation. At least there was an iron plow in the later period, and the discovery of Pijian Town in Shimane Prefecture is an example. The wide use of iron sickle also improves the efficiency of harvesting. In addition, horses, cows, pigs, dogs, chickens and other livestock and poultry are raised.

There are two different types of pottery in ancient tombs: "Earthmaster's ware" and "Xuhui ware". Earthen pottery was very popular throughout the ancient tomb era and was made by indigenous "earthen pottery" people from all over the country. The way to make pottery is to put it on a clay board and then trim it slowly. The firing temperature is about 850℃, which is reddish brown and has no pattern. The main shapes of pottery are pots, urns, bowls and goblets. It is similar to Yayoi pottery in all aspects and is developed from Yayoi pottery. Hu Hui pottery was introduced from the mainland in the middle period, representing a new pottery-making technology. It was mainly made by workers in the "pottery department" of North Korea in a fairly concentrated place. Fired in a narrow and inclined "lamp kiln", the firing temperature is above 65438 0000℃. It is hard, blue-gray, and usually has natural glaze on its surface. Pottery has a variety of shapes, mainly.