It is also the product of his understanding of the times.
The same is true of He Xin's thought.
Here you are.
All history is contemporary history.
So every era is the accumulation of all the history in the past.
In this way,
exist
Throughout history and reality,
There must be a unified and lasting eternal concept.
This is him, Angel.
His historical philosophy.
Historical development has its absolute concept,
Every era has its own spirit.
He Xin's
All thoughts come from this, based on the eternal view of history and carrying out the spirit of the times.
He Xin is not only a product of the times, but also an understanding of the spirit of the times. There are very few such people.
two
20
This century is full of great changes and leaps.
And the same great twists and turns and lost century.
20
The history of China in the 20th century went through the same process. He Xin's thought was formed and developed in 1920.
20
hundred years
70
Mid-decade
China's Cultural Revolution failed, and the road to reform rose. Until today, the reform has reached a turning point, so close.
40
year
The era of.
He thinks about this era,
And respond to this era with your own thoughts.
There is something unchanging in his mind.
Values and beliefs have also changed in stages with the changes in the situation.
The changes of the times are so drastic and profound,
This is so difficult to understand and master!
Faced with this change,
People's thoughts even seem shallow and frivolous,
This has also become part of the face of the times.
But,
This is not intentional.
Taste the shallowness of the era itself, and He Xin tries to understand the profundity of the era itself.
To understand the great changes of the times,
We can't help but have a philosophy that can particularly understand historical changes.
such
Philosophy cannot but be a philosophy with strong dialectical spirit.
Grasping the unchangeable from the change,
Grasp from the phenomenon
Essence, grasp a firm direction from twists and turns, and grasp a reasonable unity from contradictions!
He Xin chose Hegel's philosophy, which is a master of classical philosophy.
This philosophy was once absorbed by Marxism-Leninism.
Collection and transformation.
He Xin believes in the idealism of the same strain from Plato to Hegel.
According to this idea,
Except for ...
The existence of the real world,
There is also an independent ideological world.
Thought is an eternal existence,
Now, now.
The real world is constantly changing,
This is just a phenomenon.
The existence of ideas determines the existence of reality,
at present
The change of reality is only the expression of the development of ideas.
Then the historical change is only the deduction of the concept itself.
calendar
History can present different phenomena,
But the idea itself is the same.
The idea is self-building,
Self-movement
Yes,
Self-realization,
This is a process of unity of opposites starting from itself and returning to itself.
It is the subject's thinking.
Process. The universe is such a subject, and the development process of the universe is the thinking process of the subject. Therefore, the calendar
History has its ultimate goal and ultimate value goal, which is correct.
"
okay
"
The pursuit of. Such a person
What are the values in He Xin's thoughts?
"
soul
"
This formed the basis of his criticism of various value nihilism.
Similarly,
He Xin absorbed Hegel's dialectical logic.
This logic has its particularity,
First of all, this is not only
The logic of form is the logic of content and ontology, and the movement process of ontology is a logical process;
Secondly, because of this movement, the existence of ontology is bound to be contradictory, so the logical process is bound to be a spear.
The process of shield movement contains contradictions in logic; Third, although ontology contains contradictions, it is still in motion.
Similarly,
This unity containing contradictions is the unity of opposites,
This is the purpose of logic itself;
Finally,
The identity of ontology itself is the self-abstract thinking of ontology.
Therefore,
Thinking and ontology are the same,
this is
The identity of thinking and existence.
On the basis of this dialectical logic,
He Xin tried to create pan-evolutionary logic,
Act in this way
Infer historical movements and predict history. This is right.
"
real
"
The pursuit of. Dialectical logic is a new way of thinking.
He knows the historical truth and denies all kinds of prejudices.
three
The failure of the Cultural Revolution made China
20
The history of continuous revolution in the 20th century finally faded, at the same time, the modernization of China.
The industrialization process has also suffered serious setbacks.
The revolution exhausted its own fuel,
But also slowed down the pace of modernization.
the latter
This is the most substantial place where the revolution failed.
Frustrated by the failure of modernization,
The revolution was criticized.
Sentence,
Even the history and culture of modern and ancient China for thousands of years have been severely criticized.
But the cultural revolution
Failure left a heavy legacy,
One of them is the loss of ideology and ideological culture.
With this mystery
To reflect on history,
This is another question.
Not only that,
What kind of theory is used to guide the revolution?
This is a fatal problem for the modernization that will continue thereafter. Summing up history and looking forward to the future,
These two are the central issues of ideology.
This is also a question to be answered by historical philosophy.
Is there any history?
A purpose? There is no doubt that He Xin thinks so. What is the purpose, theme and direction of history?
Yao,
History and reality
"
okay
"
and
"
fair
"
What is this? Events in history,
Do they make sense,
What's the point?
Knowing history, He Xin thinks that there is no absolute fallacy in history.
"
Up and down, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, which one?
The history of a country is not a history of fallacies, discoveries and corrections.
"
History is always
The process of negation of negation,
One link negates the previous link,
But this is not a simple denial,
But in the absence of
Inherit the reasonable factors of the previous links.
This is sublation.
There is always something unified in history.
this is
This is the purpose of history; And every seemingly opposite historical event has a positive East that conforms to the historical purpose.
The west,
This is the dialectics of history.
Historical teleology avoids value nihilism,
Avoid historical dialectics
Historical prejudice.
China, which has undergone great changes for more than one hundred years, especially needs such a historical philosophy.
Can serve the future
Point out the direction, so as to formulate specific lines, principles, strategies and policies.
Studying the modern history of the world, He Xin found that the center of world civilization has a tendency to shift to the East.
The center of civilization began in Italy, spread westward to Spain, and then spread westward to Britain and the United States.
The other road was introduced to France, then to Germany and Russia in the east, and the last two roads met in the east, including Japan.
China,
This is a continuous
500
Years of process.
So He Xin firmly believes that,
The East will surely become civilized again.
In the middle,
The revival of the East is a great theme in world history.
As the center of the eastern world,
China
Renaissance is also the center of this historical theme.
Besides,
This theme is not finished yet,
And because the world hasn't
Future evolutionary direction. He Xin's two works, Renaissance in the East.
、
The Renaissance of China and the Future of the World is very distinctive.
This theme is clearly expressed.
According to He Xin's historical philosophy,
This theme is of course the purpose of history.
So, from
1840
A series of historical events that have occurred in China for more than a century since the Opium War in 1920.
Form a continuous and unified historical sequence,
Finally realize the goal of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
What's new?
Words:
"
oneself
1840
This war that opened the door to the outside world took place in 1996 and continues to this day.
What happened in this land?
All historical movements have a unified integrity,
This is a series of distinct and rising history.
Swing in the foreground.
……
This historical movement is inevitable!
"
The revival of the Chinese nation is an axis of He Xin's thought.
It is also the purpose of all He Xin's ideological efforts.
he
Reflection on the history and culture of China.
This kind of reflection is dialectical,
The process of reflection also follows the history itself.
The dialectical process of change, but this
"
axis
"
Always steadfast.
four
He Xin reflects on history.
He criticized the five-stage theory of social development,
It is pointed out that this theory is western-centered.
The product of,
It is a wrong generalization of Marx's theory of historical stages by Soviet academic circles.
This theory doesn't suit China at all.
The actual course of China's history.
He believes that,
The history of China is fundamentally different from that of Europe.
social formation
There are also fundamental differences between States,
China has never traveled the road of Europe,
History does not develop in a straight line.
Other owners
Zhang must innovate his own historical theory according to the reality of China history.
Historical theory must correctly understand objective truth.
For historical purposes,
It should not be used as a political tool.
He believes that,
China after Qin and Han Dynasties is no longer Europe.
In the sense of feudal society,
But a centralized and unified country.
The patriarchal clan system of familism has always been
It is the deep foundation of China's social structure.
The ethnic structure is expanded according to the family structure.
This country is very big.
Family.
This feature is based on the geographical features of the ancient closed inland plain in China.
And an adaptive self.
Give a self-sufficient agricultural economy.
Familialism focuses on the hierarchy of generations,
At the political level, it is a hierarchical identity system.
domestic
The doctrine pays attention to the overall interests of the family.
Pay attention to the obedience of family members to the interests of parents and families,
To the political level
It emphasizes collectivism and holism, and emphasizes that individual thoughts and actions obey the will of the monarch and the overall interests and order.
On this basis, a unified centralization was formed.
Patriarchal system provided support for absolute monarchy,
huge
Bureaucracy has become an inevitable tool of centralization.
He Xin believes that such a system and the maintenance of this level
Although order culture can effectively maintain the stability of social operation, it also causes the stagnation of social development.
Stagnation
Its biggest drawback is that,
This holism inhibits individual initiative and creativity,
The most creative
Creative people are often excluded from the conservative order.
There is a phenomenon of elite elimination,
Management that leads to social operation
People's general mediocrity.
The individual is not the basic unit of China traditional society,
Family is,
So traditional society
Without the concept of citizenship,
So personal freedom,
Democracy,
Equal rights have not been respected and developed.
Therefore,
Therefore, individual initiative and creativity can't be brought into full play.
This is now China in He Xin's eyes.
The fundamental reason that hinders modernization. China culture is a culture based on underdeveloped natural agricultural economy.
Change,
It has a strong intention to pursue stability,
Although this is necessary to maintain its economic base,
But this kind of insurance
Conservatism can easily become closed and imprisoned,
Resist positive change.
As far as the policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining business is concerned,
this
This is a necessary condition to ensure agricultural production.
Prevent industry and commerce from occupying too much agricultural development resources and infringing on agriculture.
Industry interests,
But on the basis of fully developing agriculture,
Still inhibit the normal development of industry and commerce,
Inevitably hinder
Social progress.
The suppression of industry and commerce,
And a conservative culture that inhibits innovation,
Also got a skill.
Operation,
Science cannot develop.
But also because the political rights of individuals are restricted,
This also politicizes China.
Western-style democracy has not yet developed,
So that the huge state bureaucratic machine cannot be effectively supervised,
Form a system
Sexual corruption.
A set of China traditional ideology and culture,
The political and economic control system is extremely tenacious.
success
Problems and obstacles in a stable situation are accumulating.
So violent revolutions broke out periodically,
Rough leather
Life has caused great turmoil, and social survival is facing collapse. The new regime has no choice but to rebuild this system.
Complete a dynasty change. So in He Xin's view, even if it is fierce,
20
Century China Revolution, according to
However, this institutional culture has not completely changed.
In modern society,
There are still various family values.
And the mechanism of elite elimination still exists.
He believes that,
As long as the old ideas, cultures and values remain unchanged,
It is difficult to make progress in modernization,
So Wen
Reflection should come first.
First, form a new culture,
Then promote and guide economic and political reforms.
Have a benign
Cultural innovation,
Only in this way can the political and economic systems undergo benign changes.
This is also a step in the transformation of modern Europe.
show
however
The core of He Xin's new culture is to politicize individuals.
Economy,
The master of all aspects of ideology and culture
Give full play to initiative and creativity,
This is exactly what He Xin thinks Marxism really pursues.
An ideal society.
But,
He Xin believes that,
Due to the fundamental differences in history and cultural patterns between China and the West,
China's modernization cannot copy the western model,
Therefore, China's modernization must and can only come from China itself.
Develop and grow in traditional culture,
At the same time, absorb the beneficial things from western culture,
In this sense,
Only when
China's culture has been revived, and so has Western Europe.
"
The Renaissance
"
Proved in history. For the revolution,
He Xin believes that social progress is achieved through long-term accumulation and ultimately through economic progress.
Yes,
Too frequent revolutionary movements are not conducive to this realization.
He advocates solving specific problems step by step.
Reformism.
The above is He Xin.
20
hundred years
80
The main points of cultural reflection in the 1970s,
Crisis and Reflection is very good.
Expressed this ideological direction. Even if He Xin revised it later, this kind of reflection still makes sense.