Start time:14th century Italy

Origin: Italy

Guiding ideology: humanism

Essence: bourgeois ideological and cultural movement

Achievements:

(1) Dante's masterpiece is The Divine Comedy;

(2) Leonardo da Vinci's masterpieces include Mona Lisa and The Last Supper;

(3) Shakespeare's masterpieces in Britain are Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet.

Significance: It laid the ideological and cultural foundation for the emergence of European capitalist society.

2. Opening of new routes:

Columbus discovered the new world and called the local residents Indians; Magellan finally completed his voyage around the world.

Significance: the world began to connect as a whole; Promoted the emergence and development of capitalism.

3. The root of the bourgeois revolution in Anglo-American law:

(1) The feudal autocracy seriously hindered the development of British capitalist economy.

(2) British colonial rule seriously hindered the development of capitalist economy in North America.

(3) The feudal autocracy in France seriously hindered the development of French capitalist economy.

4. British Bill of Rights

Promulgated: 1689

Made by: British Parliament

Objective: to limit the rights of the king.

Function: The bourgeois rule of constitutional monarchy was established in Britain.

5. What is the significance of the British bourgeois revolution?

The British bourgeoisie established its dominant position through revolution, which cleared the way for the development of capitalism and promoted the process of world history.

6. Timetable of Important Events in American Revolutionary War

① Start:1775,4, gunfire from Lexington.

② The United States was born in 1776, July and April (National Day), marked by the publication of the Declaration of Independence.

③ Turning point: 1777, Saratoga;

④ Britain recognizes American independence: 1783

7. 1776 On July 4, the Continental Congress issued the Declaration of Independence, announcing that the North American 13 colony was independent from Britain and the United States of America was born.

8. What is the significance of the War of Independence?

The American War of Independence ended British colonial rule and achieved national independence. The establishment of a relatively democratic bourgeois political system is conducive to the development of American capitalism and promotes the later revolutions in Europe and Latin America.

9. What is the significance of the French bourgeois revolution?

France * destroyed the feudal rule of France, spread the progressive thought of bourgeois freedom and democracy, and had a great influence on the development of world history.

During the period of 10, France * promulgated the "Declaration of Human Rights", declaring that everyone is born free, with equal rights, and private property is inviolable.

1 1, comparison of two industrial revolutions:

12, the influence of the industrial revolution:

The great productivity created by the industrial revolution has brought earth-shaking changes to the social outlook.

After the industrial revolution, capitalism finally defeated feudalism, and western capitalist countries gradually established their rule over the world.

The world has formed a situation in which the West is advanced and the East is backward.

13, the enlightenment of the industrial revolution?

(1) Science and technology are the primary productive forces and promote social progress.

(2) We should learn from the spirit that scientists are brave in innovation and strive to explore scientific mysteries.

14, the significance of the American Civil War?

(1) is the second bourgeois revolution in American history;

(2) The abolition of black slavery has cleared another major obstacle for the development of capitalism and created conditions for the rapid economic development.

15, "Anyone who occupies others is a slave, and then he will be free forever (referring to New Year's Day of 1863)-"

(1) What is the name of this file? When will it be promulgated? Issuer?

Emancipation Proclamation for Black Slaves, 1862, Lincoln

(2) What is the effect of the promulgation of this document?

It reversed the war situation and was beneficial to the unification of the United States.

16, "Let the ruling class tremble before the proletarian revolution. What proletarians lose in this revolution is only chains, and what they get will be the whole world. "

(1) What literature does this famous saying come from? When was it published?

* * *, 1848 statement

(2) Who drafted this document? Which organization was it drafted for?

Marx and Engels; Communist alliance

(3) What is the significance of document release?

It marks the birth of Marxism. Since then, under the guidance of scientific theory, the international workers' movement has entered a new historical period.

17 reform content and evaluation, Russia 186 1 year?

Content:

(1) serfs are free men in law;

(2) Landlords cannot buy and sell serfs and interfere in their lives;

(3) serfs can get a piece of land when they are liberated, but they must pay the price for it.

Evaluation: It is the bourgeois reform carried out by the czar from top to bottom, which is beneficial to the development of capitalism. Although it left a lot of feudal remnants, it accelerated the development of Russian capitalism and was a major turning point in modern Russian history.

18, the content, significance and enlightenment of Meiji Restoration in Japan?

Content:

(1) Politically, abolish counties and strengthen centralization;

(2) Economically allowing land sales, introducing western technology and encouraging the development of modern industry;

③ In social life, advocate "civilization" and strive to develop education.

Evaluation:

(1) gradually transforming Japan from a closed feudal country into a capitalist country,

(2) Getting rid of the fate of semi-colonial countries is a major turning point in Japanese history;

(3) However, after becoming powerful, it soon embarked on the militaristic road of foreign aggression and expansion.

Revelation:

(1) Introduce foreign capital and advanced western technology, and persist in reform and opening up.

Advocate rejuvenating the country through science and education and develop education.

19, starting time of World War I:

19 14 July-1965438+118 years 10 month.

The Root of the First World War: Imbalance of Economic and Political Development of Imperialism

The nature of World War I is: imperialist predatory war, based on: the purpose of the main participating countries is to carve up the world.

Triple alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy.

Three-nation agreement: Britain, France and Russia;

20. What was the impact of World War I? Enlightenment?

Impact: World War I was the first unprecedented war in human history, which brought profound disasters to the people of the belligerent countries and caused huge material losses and casualties.