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Historically, how did people in the Southern and Northern Dynasties spend the third day of March?
It has been two years since the Song Dynasty in Liu Yujian, when Liu Yifu of Song Shaodi just succeeded to the throne. Wang Xiaonian is a member of the Langya Wang family. Since Du Nan, Guan Yi, Wang Xiaonian's ancestors moved from Linyi to the south, and since then, Wang Xiaonian's family has taken root in Jiangzuo.

Although Wang Xiaonian is not a direct line of the Langya Wangs, he can still get along well on the land of Jiangzuo with his own talent and the shadow of the Wangs. Even if things change in court, Wang Xiaonian's life will not have the slightest impact. This is the benefit that the foundation of the family brought to Wang Xiaonian.

March 3 custom: winding water.

Wang Xiaonian was invited to attend the Shangsi Festival on March 3, 2002 in Jingping, Shining Mountain Villa. Wang Xiaonian and others were invited by Xie Lingyun to gather at Shining Villa.

Shangsi Festival is a festival that originated in the pre-Qin period. In the Han Dynasty, Shangsi Festival, Shangyuan Festival, Rafe Festival, Solstice Festival and Friendship Festival were called the five major festivals. The main activity of Shangsi Festival is "praise by the water", where people hold sacrificial activities. No matter ordinary people or wealthy people, men, women and children, they can remove dirt and diseases at the water's edge. Wang Xiaonian has read Du Du's Sick Fu, which tells the grand occasion of Shangsi Festival in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. On this day, rich princes, nobles and businessmen came to the water's edge with wine and delicacies, and sprinkled the wine in their cups on the river's edge to offer sacrifices to the land. Literati and poets are sitting on the beach, talking about the past and discussing the present, reciting poems and writing poems, and enjoying themselves.

Lanting Scenic Spot in Shaoxing: Qushui River.

In the Han Dynasty, Shangsi Festival was on Shangsi Day in March. By the time of Wang Xiaonian, Shangsi Festival had been fixed on March 3rd. Moreover, on March 3rd at this time of Wang Xiaonian, there have been many entertainment activities, and the custom of celebrating his third birthday has been diluted. Among them, the most popular entertainment is "Quyi", in addition to Quyi, there are Qushui Fuzao and Qushui Club. Wang Xiaonian's most fascinating winding path is the Lanting Club attended by his ancestor Wang Xizhi. Wang Xiaonian didn't have a chance to see the charm of Wang Xizhi, but he read Preface to Lanting Collection and many Lanting poems at this grand event.

During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the seven sages of the bamboo forest often met under the bamboo forest. In the Western Jin Dynasty, literati and poets gathered in Shichong Jingu Garden. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Xizhi and others gathered in Lanting, which was located in Huiji Mountain. Now Xie Lingyun's shining villa often invites guests to parties.

Wang Xiaonian was very honored and excited to be invited by Xie Lingyun to attend this grand event in his shining villa.

Map of Lanting Qi Xie in Ming Dynasty

Wang Xiaonian entered history at the beginning of the year. Stone is the place where Xie Lingyun lived in seclusion in Huiji. Wang Xiaonian has heard the name of Shi many times, but he can't see it. He felt very sorry. Wang Xiaonian has heard of the luxury of Jingu Garden in Shichong, the agility of Panyue Garden, the nature of Zhanghua Garden, the charm of Wangdao West Garden, the ethereal and moving mountain residence in Xie Xuan and so on. All these gardens are located by the power of nature, imitating the appearance of heaven and earth, planting all kinds of pine and cypress fruits and vegetables, raising birds and animals with beautiful feelings, and cultivating exquisite meditation rooms with nourishing nature.

In Wang Xiaonian's era, they abandoned the luxury and grand scale of architecture since Qin and Han dynasties, and began to become "simple" and pursued practicality and peace of mind. And there will be a refined house, a meditation room and a monk's room. In the manor, it will be used for their own prayers and discussions.

Xielingyun statue

In Wang Xiaonian's eyes, the shining villa is built on the mountain, with its back on the highland and facing the mountains. The left hand is the lake, the right hand is the river, and the mountains and rivers linger. When I walked in here, my heart felt throbbing and quiet. To the east, there are criss-crossing pastoral scenery; In the south, rivers and lakes are infested with water vapor; On the west is the breeze and bright moon reflected by the bamboo forest; The north is also a lake swamp, which continues. In the distance are refined houses, meditation rooms, practice of supply and demand, and islands all over the river. Quiet houses are used for reading, meditation rooms are used for meditation, and lecture halls are used for metaphysics. At first, Shu Ning's designs were exquisite.

Wang Xiaonian also saw the wall here and the wall surrounded by hibiscus. For Wang Xiaonian, this is a stroke of genius. The pleasure of "returning to nature" came to Wang Xiaonian's mind. Xie Jia's servant standing beside Wang Xiaonian said that the scenery of Shining Villa is colorful, and the sunset glow is different from the morning glow. Day and night have their own advantages; The scenery in the mountains and rivers is different; Architecture is different from landscape.

After reading Xie Lingyun's Shi Shuning, I began to enter today's theme-"Qushui Flowing".

Research on Xie Lingyun's Mountain Residence: Shining Villa Layout

Jingu will pass on the good wine to future generations. Wang Xiaonian and others held a simple swaddling ceremony by the river, which dispelled the filth on their bodies and started today's theme-Qushui.

Qushui game is simple to say, but difficult to play. People sit by the running water separately, put glasses on the upstream and let them go downstream. Whoever stops or spins in front of the glass will drink and write poems. If they fail to do so, they will be fined three times.

As for why you have to punish wine three times, there is actually such a story here:

It is said that it was also in such a gathering of literati that the organizer was Shi Chong, a very rich contemporary. Shi Chong also wrote an preface to the gathering at that time called "Preface to Golden Valley Poetry", which was the most famous gathering of literati before Lanting gathered. At that time, there were 30 people attending the meeting, all of whom were brilliant in literary talent and profound in family background, or stood by the festival, such as Lu Xun's grandson Lu Ji and Lu Yun, all of whom were born in Wu Dong's noble family; Du Yu, known as a "child prodigy", and so on.

The purpose of this rally is mainly to see Shi Chong and Wang Xu off. This gathering is not only huge, but also has a great influence on future generations. As a result, after the Lanting gathering, some people compared Lanting gathering with Jingu gathering, and Wang Xizhi was also delighted. And we remember the Lanting Collection only because of Wang Xizhi's words, not the poems in this collection.

Shi Chong wrote in "Preface to Jingu Poetry" that "those who can't or can't be punished with three fights", which was the wine order with punishment as the main point in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and "three fights" was also called "Jingu wine number", and later became the standard of drinking regulations.

The Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove

At the beginning, the gossip about Xie Shi continued, so we went straight to the point. Wang Xiaonian saw Xie Lingyun's servant put a feather full of wine on the lotus leaf on the water surface, and then let it go down the river. The feather used by Wang Xiaonian is ceramic, and it was also made of paint before. The reason why lacquer feather is used is that lacquer cups with lighter wood matrix are easier to float on the water, rather than being supported by trays or lotus leaves.

This feather is sometimes called an ear cup. This kind of wine vessel is loved by the literati in Wang Xiaonian's era because it is light, round and elegant, which best represents the "three views" of the literati in this era. In the eyes of scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties, feather is not only a drinking instrument, but also a sustenance that can represent their own thoughts and pursuits.

wineglass

Slowly, the feather swam to a scholar of Xie Jia's family. The scholar in Xie Jia drank the wine in one gulp. After a little meditation, he began to sing, "The four seasons are divided equally. All three springs are harmonious. Be slow and calm. The peaches in Yao Yao Garden are burning. Take friends to the countryside. I don't know what to say. Yunfei Qingshan Rong. Fragrant, thin. Solve the problem of suppressing towering mountains. Returning from grass to valley. Zhu Ji Luo Shizhen. Topo is full of contempt. " (Xie Huilian, the author of Poems on March 3rd in Qushui Collection) They just felt wonderful and clapped their hands and sang.

In the next few rounds, children of famous families such as Ying Chuan Yu, Zhu, Gu and proper fruit Heng drank and wrote poems in succession. Naturally, Wang Xiaonian also showed off his glory and sang a poem.

Southern and Northern Dynasties Blue Glazed Lotus Chicken Head Pot

After several rounds, the drinks in several chicken-headed pots (wine containers) have been drunk by everyone, so Xie Lingyun asked the servant to take more lotus statues (wine containers).

Because Xie Lingyun is deeply influenced by Buddhism, his chicken head has a wide lotus petal pattern on the shoulder, which is used for single-line decoration. Wang Xiaonian also likes the shape of the chicken head pot. The overall shape of this hip pot is more slender than that of the previous generation, which conforms to the aesthetic view of Wang Xiaonian and other scholars that "showing bones is beautiful".

Wang Xiaonian watched Xie Lingyun's servant move out of the lotus statue. This wine vessel is decorated with lotus flowers, which are tall and beautiful. Especially in the lotus statue, there are differences in different parts of the lotus, such as single petals, compound petals, lotus flowers, lotus flowers, and so on, echoing up and down. Wang Xiaonian was shocked. Although his family is very rich, he has never seen such a beautiful object. There are many ways to use the lotus statue. One is a ritual vessel, one is a ritual Buddha, and the other is a wine vessel. The following is the third statement. )

After the wine is full, the game continues.

The National Museum of China collects the Southern Dynasties celadon lotus statues.

Wang Xiaonian didn't punish cups in the next few rounds, and everyone couldn't write it. At this time, the feather came to the lower reaches of Wang Xiaonian, who picked it up. After a little hesitation, he saw that the color was different from what he had drunk before. This time it is orange, and the color is very bright. He knew it was good wine, so he drank it all at once. Wang Xiaonian knows that this kind of wine is the famous Yinshan sweet wine (Shaoxing wine) in China. This wine needs to be brewed with locally refined white rice and wheat koji, and then brewed with Jianhu water from 10 to February of the following year. After brewing, it is stored for at least three years and at most 20 years. Wine is mellow, and it won't go bad if it is stored for a long time.

Wang Xiaonian once tasted Fenjiu, a tribute wine at that time. This kind of Qiang wine, also called Lu Qiang wine, is a fine wine produced in Lingxian County, and Wang Xiaonian also read such a sentence in Zhang Zai's "Qiang Wine Fu" in the Western Jin Dynasty, "Sow extraordinary beauty in sundaes and declare great harmony in taste".

As an alcoholic, Wang Xiaonian certainly couldn't let go of any kind of wine at that time. He dare not say that he has drunk all the wine in the world, but he can confidently say that the wine he has drunk is definitely beyond most people's reach. For example, millet rice wine, sake and Hedong Yi wine brewed with millet as the main raw material; Glutinous rice wine, winter rice wine, summer rice wine, nine-year spring wine and so on brewed with rice. Among them, Jiuyun Spring Brewing was a kind of fine wine that Cao Cao highly praised at the beginning, and was once recommended to the emperor. Cao Cao himself was proud of making this wine well. There are also rice wine brewed with sorghum, Xia Jiming wine, and tribute wine that Wang Xiaonian drank-Qiang wine is also brewed with sorghum.