Establishment of imperial examination system for the design of seventh grade history lesson plans
Teaching objectives
Through the study of this lesson, students can understand the main situation of the emergence and perfection of the imperial examination system in Sui and Tang Dynasties and its influence on the society in Sui and Tang Dynasties.
By discussing the reasons for the establishment of the imperial examination system in Sui Dynasty, the changes brought about by the selection of talents according to the examination results and the influence of the imperial examination system, the students' ability to draw conclusions from specific historical facts is cultivated.
Through the study of the content of this lesson, it is the historical progress of the official selection system in ancient China to guide students to understand the emergence of the imperial examination system, which is one of the factors that contributed to the prosperity of Sui and Tang Dynasties and adapted to the needs of social development at that time. Let students understand that institutional innovation is an integral part of the progress of human society.
Textbook analysis
The Sui and Tang Dynasties witnessed the great development of China's feudal social and political system. At this time, the imperial examination system came into being and improved, which was a basic system for the central government to select officials at all levels in China feudal society, with far-reaching influence. Some scholars from? Culture? From a broad perspective, I think the imperial examination system is one of the most important systems in China culture. The most outstanding hair creation? . This lesson introduces the key roles played by five Sui and Tang emperors in the formation and perfection of the imperial examination system. The first subtitle introduces the background, founding process and function of the imperial examination system in Sui Dynasty, the second subtitle introduces the gradual improvement of the imperial examination system in Tang Dynasty, and the third subtitle introduces the influence of the imperial examination system on China and the world.
teaching process
Import from the current exam (focusing on the function of the exam)
So what exactly is the imperial examination system? This is the content of our class.
First, during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Jiupin Zheng Zhi was founded.
Understand the background of the establishment of the imperial examination system: the nine products in Wei, Jin and Zhengzhi system.
Zheng Zheng, the county magistrate, is responsible for visiting scholars of the same ethnic group, understanding their family background, sorting out their performance materials of ability and political integrity, and making a brief general comment accordingly. ? Family background? Also called? Product? What's the name of this talent? Shape? , Chiang Kai-shek officials instructed scholars? Product? After evaluating its level. There are nine grades: upper, upper middle, upper and lower, upper middle, middle middle, lower middle, lower upper, lower middle and lower.
Let the students discuss the disadvantages of the nine-product system in Wei and Jin Dynasties.
(1) Most officials can only be selected from the powerful, and many people with real talent and learning can't contribute to the court and the country.
(2) The selection right of officials is concentrated in the hands of local dignitaries, which is not conducive to centralization.
How to solve these ills? Use exams to select officials.
Second, the birth and perfection of the imperial examination system (student list induction)
Character contribution
Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty began to select officials in the birth stage by means of subject examination.
Yang Di officially established the Jinshi branch, and the imperial examination system was formally born.
Emperor Taizong expanded the scale of Chinese studies and increased the number of examinees.
Wu Zetian added palace entrance examination and martial arts.
Tang Xuanzong enriched the content of the examination: poetry became the main examination content of Jinshi.
① Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty: In order to centralize the power of selecting scholars, Emperor Wendi of Sui adopted the method of examination, and replaced the nine-grade official system since Wei and Jin Dynasties with the method of subject review meeting. In the third year of the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (AD 583), a sage was summoned. In July of the 18th year (AD 598), discipline, regulation and discipline were set up.
② Yang Di: In 607 AD, Yang Di the Great made great achievements for three years, and appointed ten imperial examination candidates, including filial piety, virtue, chastity, incorruptible conduct, strong integrity, adherence to the Constitution, outstanding academic sensitivity, beautiful literary talent, short talent and strong arm strength. Among them, the literary talent is beautiful and strong, and he immediately entered. The relaxation of admission standards and the centralization of admission and appointment rights are the beginning of the establishment of the imperial examination system in the history of China.
The word Jinshi first appeared in The Book of Rites? The original meaning of the word "Wang Zhi" is that it can be accepted by the Lord. At that time, the main test of current affairs strategy was a political paper about the political life of the country at that time, which was called test strategy.
Question: What is the biggest difference between Jiupin Normal School and Imperial Examination?
The Zheng Zhi system of Jiupin mainly depends on the reputation of scholars and younger brothers. The admission standard for opening the examination is the score of the scholar's examination, which pays attention to the talent and ability of the candidates.
③ Emperor Taizong: Emperor Taizong attached importance to the cultivation and selection of talents. Emperor Taizong expanded the scale of Chinese studies and increased the number of examinees. For example, in the Jinshi exam, there are as few as 8,900 people and as many as 1000 people every year, of which only a dozen or even 30 people can pass, and the admission rate is only 12%. Due to the large number of candidates and the small number of places to be admitted, people who can still get into the Jinshi at the age of 50 are still very young and are still regarded as? Less Jinshi? Most people live for life. ? Is Emperor Taizong really a long-term strategy to make heroes grow old? . Because of this, Jinshi and his brother are very high honors, called? Climb the dragon gate? . Once you pass the exam, you will have a successful career. What do you mean? Ten years of cold window, nobody cares, famous all over the world? .
④ Wu Zetian: The examination subjects have been added. Palace Examination: Wu Zetian personally interviewed candidates in the palace. Martial arts: investigate martial arts and riding and shooting.
⑤ Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty: Poetry and Fu became the main examination content.
Third, the influence of the imperial examination system.
What progress has the imperial examination made compared with the previous nine-grade system? Contact the current examination system and talk about your views on the imperial examination system. (Students can be prompted to think by the following questions. )
(1) A company recruits staff, and 100 people take part, but only 10 people can be admitted. If you are an examiner, what factors will you take in the examination and what tests will be taken in the imperial examination? Free registration, public examination, parallel competition and merit-based admission? The principle of. Let people with real talent and learning enter governments at all levels.
(2) If there were no exams, would you study hard? Reading-Imperial Examination-Being an Official? Generally speaking, being an official requires studying, and the imperial examination system has promoted the development of education.
(3) If you want to take the imperial examination and know that Tang Xuanzong stipulated that poetry should be included in this year's examination, what would you do? The imperial examination system attaches great importance to the basic skills of scholars, especially calligraphy and literary talent. Scholars have to work hard in this respect in order to get good grades, so the imperial examination system has promoted the development of literature and art (especially calligraphy and literature).
Summary:
1, the employment system has been improved, and talented scholars have the opportunity to work in governments at all levels.
2. It promotes the development of education.
3. Promoted the development of literature and art. ..
Show two sets of materials:
Encyclopedia Britannica said: The earliest examination system we know is the election system adopted by China and its periodic examinations.
Sun Yat-sen, a great democratic revolutionary, said: At present, the examination system in almost all countries is based on Britain. Tracing back to the source, the British examination system was originally derived from Chinese studies.
Discussion: What does the examination system here mean? What problems can these two materials reflect?
Homework: homework after class
Principles of story selection in junior middle school history teaching I. Principles of historical story selection
1. True and reliable, in line with the historical truth.
Liang Qichao once said:? Historical materials are the organizational cells of history. If they are unavailable or inaccurate, there will be no history repetition. ? Emphasizing authenticity is the basic principle of historical research, the unbreakable bottom line of history teaching and the principle that must be followed when choosing historical stories. Therefore, when making up historical stories, teachers should take historical facts as the basis and have evidence to test. Stories about unofficial history, legends and hearsay are not allowed in class, which can easily make students form a wrong view of history. Even the fiction and imagination used to enhance the vividness of the story should not be exaggerated or exaggerated. Should be based on historical facts, reasonable imagination, try to show the true colors of history.
2. Be targeted and serve the course objectives.
The main function of historical stories is to serve teaching. Stories are the means, and teaching is the purpose. Historical stories cannot be divorced from teaching objectives, and storytelling is for storytelling. You can't choose vulgar stories to win students' smiles, and you can't turn history lessons into story meetings. The main purpose of historical stories is to implement the curriculum objectives based on stories, so that students can master knowledge and cultivate their abilities. Teachers should accurately grasp the course objectives and teaching difficulties, and choose stories closely around breaking through the teaching difficulties. Through stories, complex problems become simple problems, abstract problems become concrete problems, and boring memories become vivid stories. This kind of story can really become an effective tool to implement the curriculum objectives.
3. Vivid images stimulate students' interest.
The greatest charm of historical stories is vividness, and vivid stories are very attractive to middle school students. Almost all junior high school students like historical stories, but they don't necessarily like history classes. It is because our history classroom dogma is rigid, which always makes students memorize knowledge points and annihilate their interest in history. So the historical stories we make up should be lively and interesting. The plot should be tortuous, the characters should be full, the language should be touching, and the emotional purpose of historical stories should be realized.
4. Enlighten and induce, and trigger thinking training.
? What is more important to study history? Think? Should the historical materials (stories) selected in teaching be hidden? Thinking? The mystery of? Thinking value is very important to cultivate students' historical consciousness and thinking ability. ? (Zhao) The use of historical stories in teaching is not only to stimulate students' interest. The most important thing is to arouse students' thinking about historical events, train students' historical thinking ability, and form a way of thinking that explores the essence of history and takes history as a mirror. While compiling historical stories, teachers should create problem situations that can trigger students' thinking and train students' thinking. Combine stories to constantly ask questions and solve problems, step by step, interlocking, so that students can maintain a positive attitude.
Second, choose the way of historical stories.
1. From various textbooks.
The current history textbook itself is a treasure house of historical stories, and it also has high credibility and authenticity. The textbooks mentioned here include history textbooks, teaching reference books for teachers, historical atlases and local history courses. These resources contain rich story materials. For the stories in textbooks, we should delete the complex and simplify them, and design exploratory questions; The materials of teaching reference books should be adapted into colloquial stories to make them vivid and conform to the language characteristics of students; For local courses, we should also choose stories closely related to curriculum standards to use.
2. From historical works.
Classic historical works, with high authority and full of historical stories, are the main source of our teaching, especially the ancient history of China. Historical Records, Warring States Policy, History of Han, History of Later Han, History of the Three Kingdoms, History as a Mirror and Twenty-four History are all masterpieces handed down from ancient times. For example, when talking about the Chu-Han war, insert? Hongmen banquet? And then what? Chapter three of the contract? This story can help students explore the main reasons why Liu worships Xiang Yu.
3. From literary and artistic works.
Regardless of literature and history, many literary works are based on grand historical scenes, and many writers are historians themselves. Vast literary works provide us with rich historical story resources, including Tang poetry, Song lyrics, Yuanqu, prose, novels, plays, couplets, folk songs, proverbs, Allegro and idioms. Like combining explanations? Scared? And then what? Every grass and tree is a soldier? Idiom stories can vividly describe the embarrassing scene of Fu Jian's defeat in the Battle of Feishui, and then explore the reasons for the failure of the former Qin Dynasty.
4. From classic movies.
Film and television works are popular with students and close to their preferences. Film and television works also provide a broad space for us to choose stories. Nowadays, many historical dramas are full of jokes, which requires us to choose carefully, delete plots that do not conform to the historical truth, and explain to students that the original works are authentic. We try to choose film and television stories based on documentaries, such as National Treasure Archives and Exploration? Discover, etc. Choosing a good historical story is an important part of story teaching, which requires teachers to have a solid foundation in history, and also requires history teachers to read widely and accumulate wealth. Be good at accumulation and live within your means.