As for the origin of cultivated crops, archaeologists believe that when trying to cultivate crops, human beings must have both objective and subjective conditions: the objective condition is that the wild ancestor species of cultivated crops must be found in this area, and the local climate and environmental conditions suitable for the growth and development of cultivated crops and their wild ancestor species are available. Wild plant resources are a prerequisite for agriculture. Subjectively, only when people know and understand the habits of wild crops for a long time, have certain technical ability, and natural resources are not enough to feed the growing population, will human beings have the idea of artificially cultivating wild crops. For example, the investigation of modern wild rice resources shows that common wild rice closely related to cultivated rice is distributed in South China, especially the discovery of wild rice in Chaling, Hunan and Dongxiang, Jiangxi, which extends the distribution of wild rice to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Silica similar to Oryza was found in the early Neolithic sites of Wannian Xianren Cave and Diaotongyuan in Jiangxi Province. Some scholars believe that the south of China, that is, the hinterland south of Qinling-Huaihe River, is the origin of cultivated rice. The results of animal skeleton identification and sporopollen analysis of archaeological sites in these areas show that the climate conditions at that time may be warmer than now, and the wildlife resources are very rich. This abundant wildlife resources and suitable climate provide superior environmental conditions for the production of cultivated rice. For millet crops, its remains are not uncommon in the archaeological culture of the Yellow River basin. For example, a certain number of millet grains, millet shells or carbonized millet grains have been found in Cishan, Hebei Province and Peiligang, Henan Province. Some scholars believe that around 8000 AD, the east of Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Valley Plain may have taken the lead in planting millet. Plant genetics and archaeological studies show that cultivated wheat originated in West Asia. As early as 7000 years ago, residents at that time knew to cultivate two-grain wheat, single-grain wheat and two-rowed barley. It is generally believed that corn originated in central and northern Kocsis. Around 4000 BC, the local people's culture began to grow corn, which became the third largest food source in the world from an unknown wild millet.
As for the origin of livestock, it is generally believed that in the early Neolithic period, people gradually learned and understood the living habits, growth, development and reproduction methods of the animals they contacted during hunting activities, mastered the laws of animal activities, and learned about the domestication and domestication of animals through approaching, contacting, enclosure and captivity. Archaeologists believe that, like cultivated crops, the initial domestication of animals should be based on the existence of wild animal resources around human habitats, and there should be local food sources (mainly wild or artificially planted plants) suitable for the survival and reproduction of these animals, as well as suitable physical geography and climatic conditions. Dogs are the earliest domesticated animals. According to the recent research results of mitochondrial DNA by scholars in China and Sweden, it is speculated that dogs originated from wolves widely distributed in Northeast Asia in the north temperate zone, and the domestication time of dogs was about BC 160000 ~ BC 12000. Early dogs can help people find food. The origin of wild boar and domestic pig can be traced back to more than 7000 BC. According to the research speculation, the subspecies of wild boar originated from domestic pigs are mainly striped pigs distributed in South Asia and European wild boar distributed in Europe. The origin of domestic pigs in China was mainly domesticated by wild boars in North China and South China in six or seven thousand years. Someone spread his power in the two river basins belonging to 9000 BC? Chemi？ A small number of domestic sheep bones were found in a large number of animal bones in Shanida site, and a large number of male young sheep bones belonging to 1 year old were found in other sites in the Near East, even belonging to Ganji in 8000 BC. Footprints left by goats were found on a mud brick in Dalle site, and 90% of the animal bones in this site are goat bones, which are all evidence of the rise of sheep and goats in West Asia.
The origin of agriculture is a revolutionary event in the evolution of human history and the first revolution of human society. It not only reflects the improvement of human ability to manipulate natural animals, plants and ecological environment, but more importantly, the development of agricultural economy has led to large-scale population settlement, using collective wisdom and social forces to improve, invent technology and promote productivity. It is the foundation for the development of human society to a higher form. The origin and formation of ancient civilizations around the world are closely related to the origin of agriculture. The earlier the origin of agriculture, the earlier the formation of ancient civilization; On the contrary, the origin of agriculture lags behind and the formation of ancient civilization is slow. At present, the academic circles generally believe that the world's major ancient civilizations are the two river basins in West Asia, ancient China in East Asia and Central America, all of which are located in areas with earlier agricultural origins in the world. It can be said that without agriculture, the subsequent industrial revolution is unimaginable.