Extended data:
Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl), which is widely used in industry. Hydrochloric acid is a colorless and transparent liquid with strong pungent smell and strong corrosiveness.
Concentrated hydrochloric acid (about 37% by mass) is very volatile, so when the container containing concentrated hydrochloric acid is opened, hydrogen chloride gas will volatilize and combine with water vapor in the air to generate small drops of hydrochloric acid, forming acid mist above the bottle mouth. Hydrochloric acid is the main component of gastric acid, which can promote food digestion and resist microbial infection.
/kloc-in the 6th century, Ribavius officially recorded the preparation method of hydrogen chloride. Later, chemists such as Glaub, priestley and David also used hydrochloric acid in their research.
During the industrial revolution, hydrochloric acid began to be produced in large quantities. In the chemical industry, hydrochloric acid has many important applications and plays a decisive role in the quality of products.
Hydrochloric acid can be used for pickling steel, and it is also a chemical reagent for preparing many inorganic and organic compounds, such as vinyl chloride, the precursor of PVC plastics. Hydrochloric acid also has many small-scale uses, such as household cleaning, production of gelatin and other food additives, detergents and leather processing. The world produces about 20 million tons of hydrochloric acid every year.
On October 27th, 2065438+071KLOC-0, the list of carcinogens published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization was preliminarily sorted out for reference. Hydrochloric acid is in the list of three types of carcinogens.
Learning history:
People's understanding of hydrochloric acid originated from aqua regia, which is a mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. In the works of Jabir, a European alchemist in the13rd century, it was mentioned that aqua regia could be prepared by dissolving halosands (mainly ammonium chloride) in nitric acid. It is also said that it was Byzantium who first mentioned aqua regia in the manuscript at the end of 13.
/kloc-In the 6th century, Libavius officially recorded the isolated pure hydrochloric acid for the first time. He prepared hydrogen chloride by heating a mixture of salt and concentrated sulfuric acid in a clay crucible.
Some authors also believe that pure hydrochloric acid was prepared by Bashir Valentine of Benedictine in Germany in the15th century. His method is to mix salt with ferrous sulfate and heat it before acidification. However, some other authors believe that until the end of 16, there is no document clearly indicating that pure hydrochloric acid has been prepared.
/kloc-In the 7th century, John Graub of Carlstedt County heated sodium chloride and sulfuric acid by Mannheim method to prepare sodium sulfate, and released hydrogen chloride gas. 1772, joseph priestley in Leeds, England produced pure hydrogen chloride gas. 1808, humphry davy of Penzance, England, proved that hydrogen chloride gas consists of hydrogen and chlorine.