Ding Wei's plan to rebuild the Imperial Palace in the Northern Song Dynasty. During the period of Song Zhenzong, the imperial city caught fire and the palace was burned down. Song Zhenzong ordered Ding Wei to rebuild the Song Dynasty Palace. This is a complex project, which requires not only design, construction and transportation of materials, but also cleaning up the ruins. The task is very arduous. During the Song Dynasty in Ding Wei, ditches were dug in front of the palace, and then bricks were fired with mud taken out of the ditches. Then Bianshui near the capital was introduced into the ditches, so that ships could directly transport building materials to the construction site. After the completion of the project, the waste will be filled into the ditch to restore the main street, so as to solve the three major problems of soil borrowing, brick burning, material transportation and debris cleaning, and achieve three goals in one fell swoop, so that the project can be completed as scheduled. The engineering construction process conforms to the modern system management thought.

A simple summary is such a process: digging ditches (taking soil to burn bricks) → diverting water into ditches (water transportation) → filling ditches (garbage disposal).

A year later, magnificent palaces and exquisite pavilions were built. On this day, the gap on the bank of the riverside was blocked, and the water in the deep ditch was discharged back to the riverside. When the deep ditch dried up, a cart and a cart of gravel dust filled the deep ditch, and a wide and flat road lay quietly in front of the palace. ...

It can be seen that the project management scheme of building a palace in Ding Wei in Song Dynasty is indeed very scientific. Whether it is an enterprise or an individual, I think this management thinking method is worth learning!

In fact, this method is also very common in modern society. From the Manhattan Project of the U.S. Army in the mid-20th century to the Lubuge Hydropower Project and AT & amp； The organizational model reform of T Company is a successful model of this management model. So far, this management mode is called modern project management.

Guided by system theory, systematic leadership method is the concrete application of systematic method in leadership activities. Therefore, leaders should follow the basic principles of system theory when dealing with various problems. When the system method is applied to leadership activities, the following principles should generally be followed:

1, the principle of good faith.

The so-called integrity principle is a principle that requires leaders to regard leadership activities as an organic whole composed of various parts, and to explore the essence and laws of the whole leadership system from the perspective of the whole and the relationship between the various parts that make up the whole.

First of all, it advocates grasping the whole from the relationship between the whole and its components. For example, the Apollo moon landing program in the United States is a creative plan for human beings to land on the moon for the first time and return to the earth. This project involves more than 20,000 companies, more than 200 universities and scientific research institutions, with an average of more than 400,000 people participating each year. More than 7 million parts were developed and used, costing more than 30 billion dollars. An important reason why this plan can be realized is that it pays attention to the integrity of the system. After visiting the United States, the Japanese said that we can make every part, but we can't make the whole "Apollo" because we lack the overall design idea of Americans. Therefore, after returning to China, the Japanese vigorously promoted the method of system analysis.

Secondly, the overall function of the system requires correctly handling the dialectical relationship between the whole and the part. A system is a whole composed of various elements, but it is not equal to the simple addition of all elements. Once these elements are organically combined into a system, the system will have properties and new functions that isolated elements do not have. It can be seen that the elements of the system are regulated and restricted by the whole system, and only as a part of the whole system can they exist and play a role. Therefore, in leadership, we must obey the whole.

2. The principle of hierarchy.

The principle of hierarchy is to develop the leadership system at a reasonable level, explore the nature and status of different levels of the leadership system, and then explore and grasp the overall nature and law of the leadership system. All systems have hierarchical characteristics, so does the leadership activity system. This stipulates that leaders must adhere to the hierarchical principle, correctly handle the relationship between the whole and the hierarchy, and implement hierarchical leadership when using systematic leadership methods to achieve the best leadership benefits.

3. Structural principle.

The so-called structural principle is the principle of ensuring the realization of the function of the leadership system through the structural design of the leadership system from the dialectical relationship between the structure and function of the leadership system. The structural nature of the system requires leaders to adjust the internal unreasonable structure to make it more reasonable, thus producing the optimal overall interests. The story of horse racing in Tian Ji illustrates this problem well.

4. The principle of relevance.

The so-called relevance principle is the principle that the leadership system can maintain the best missile stability and development by dealing with the relationship between the internal elements of the leadership system and the relationship between the leadership system and the environment. The principle of system relevance requires leaders to grasp the system from the relationship between the relevant elements inside and outside the leadership system when using the system leadership method, and correctly understand and coordinate various relationships in leadership activities. Leaders are the ultimate decision makers of major decisions. Correct decisions can bring huge benefits, while wrong decisions can cause huge losses.

5, the purpose principle.

The leadership activity system also has a purpose, and its purpose is to achieve leadership goals. In leadership activities, leaders pay attention to the dynamic factors in leadership activities through various information feedback, constantly consciously adjust and control their own or others' behaviors, play a synergistic role, and gradually approach the leadership goals. At the same time, leaders are also required to find problems through information fed back through various channels. Once bad signs are found, make a decision immediately and solve contradictions and problems in the bud in time.

The application of system leadership method must follow the above basic principles, and according to the internal relations of the system, these principles should be implemented in leadership activities according to certain procedures, which is the implementation steps of system leadership method.

1, put forward the goal of leadership activities for system optimization.

First, the problem to be studied and dealt with should be embodied as an organic whole, and the goal to be put forward and established is to optimize the overall function of this system;

Second, the goal should be based on the subjective and objective needs of current and future leadership activities and the possibility of subjective and objective conditions;

Third, demonstrate whether this overall goal is overall optimized and feasible.

2. Put forward the elements of system optimization objectives.

First of all, to find out the constituent elements to achieve the overall optimization goal, these constituent elements must conform to the whole;

Secondly, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between various elements and their relationship with the whole, which requires scientificity and value;

Thirdly, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between each element and its system and external environmental conditions, which requires adaptability and feasibility.

3. Optimize the structural design of the system scheme.

First, the structural design of the overall implementation scheme and the pursuit of the overall function of the system need to be optimized;

Secondly, the structural design of the specific implementation scheme and the pursuit of local function optimization need to be analyzed.

Thirdly, the scheme structure of each connection part is designed and the connection function is optimized. In the functional optimization analysis, we should quantify and model as much as possible.

4. Set up implementing agencies to decompose the objectives and tasks.

First of all, according to the overall goal of optimization and the requirements of the overall plan, establish the overall organization, especially the general command center;

Secondly, according to the overall goal of optimization and the vertical relationship in the overall planning, the vertical level of the organization is divided, and according to its horizontal relationship, the horizontal part of the organization is divided to establish the vertical and horizontal structure of the organization;

Third, decompose the optimized sub-goals and sub-plans into all levels and parts of the organization.

5. Find out the specific implementation steps and time procedures. According to the overall goal of optimization and the stage of the scheme in time, find out the reasonable steps and time procedures for concrete implementation. Its implementation points are as follows:

First, the overall procedures and requirements;

Second, hierarchical procedures and requirements;

Third, detailed procedures and requirements;

Fourthly, the flow chart of overall, hierarchical and detailed optimization is put forward, which requires the use of queuing method, linear programming method, nonlinear programming method, especially the overall programming method in operational research.

6. Plan the deployment in time and space according to the specific practice.

First, in concrete practice, it starts from the bottom of the target task and organization in space and starts from the details in time. If the whole goal, task and organization are like a tree, the concrete practice should start from the treetop;

Second, in every level, detail and link of concrete implementation, we should ensure the optimization according to the overall optimization goal and the specific requirements given to him by the scheme decomposition;

Third, in the work of every level, detail and link, control, adjustment, feedback and other means should be used to optimize every level, detail and link to ensure the optimization of the overall goal and its functions.