Three Sages King and Five Emperors —— Legendary Rulers of China in Ancient Times.
Before the summer, 2 146- 1675, Huaxia nationality in Xia county, Anyi, Shanxi.
Shang BC 1675- 1029 Bohe Huaxia Hall in Shangqiu, Henan Province
The Western Zhou Dynasty was about 1029-77 1 years ago in Haojiang, Xi, Shaanxi, Huaxia, Zhou Wenwang and Jichang.
During the Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty from 770 BC to 476 BC, Zhou Pingwang and Ji Yijiu belonged to the Chinese nation.
The Chinese nation was in the 475-22 1 year before the Warring States Period.
Ying Zheng, the first emperor of Huaxia nationality in Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, was born before the Qin Dynasty from 22 1 ~ 207.
From 206 BC to 8 AD, Liu Bang, the great ancestor of the Han nationality, was born in Chang 'an, Shaanxi.
Wang Mang, Han nationality, Xi, Shaanxi, Chang 'an, 9-23, New Dynasty.
Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, was born in Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220).
The Three Kingdoms Cao Wei 220-265 Luoyang Henan Luoyang Han Wei Wendi Cao Pi
22 1-263 Liu Lie, Emperor Wu of Chengdu, Sichuan
Sun Wu 222-280 Jiangsu Jianye Nanjing Wu Han Dida Sun Quan
Western Jin Dynasty 265-3 16 Luoyang Henan Luoyang Emperor Sima Yan
Eastern Jin Dynasty 3 17-420 Jiankang Jiangsu Nanjing Han and Jin Emperor Si Marui
Sixteen countries
304-439 Former Zhao () 304-3 18 Xiongnu Emperor Liu Yuan in Linfen, Pingyang, Shanxi.
3 19-329 xi 'an, Chang 'an, Shaanxi
Cheng Han 306-347, Taizong Wu, Chengdu, Sichuan.
Liang Qian 3 14-363 Gu Zang Wang Ming Zhang Shi, Emperor Gaozu of Wuwei, Gansu Province
Hou Zhao 3 19-35 1 Guo Xiang Hebei Xingtai Jiezu Gaozu Ming Di Xerox.
Murong Mu, Longcheng, Yan Qian, 337-370, Emperor Taizu of Xianbei nationality in Chaoyang, Liaoning.
Pre-Qin 35 1-394 Chang 'an Shaanxi xi 'an lived in Fu Jian, the Emperor of Ming Dynasty.
After Qin Dynasty 384-4 17 Yao Chang, xi 'an Qiang Emperor in Changan, Shaanxi Province.
Houyan 384-407 Mu Rongchui, the ancestor of Xianbei in Dingzhou, Zhongshan, Hebei Province, became Emperor Wu.
Xiqin 385-43 1 Yuan Chuan Xuanlie, a native of Wang Qifu, was the ancestor of Xianbei people in Yuzhong, Gansu.
Hou Liang 386-403 Lueyang Lv Guang, Emperor Wu Yi, was born in Pingliang, Gansu.
Nanliang 397-4 14 Xiping Tuoba Guwu, the fierce ancestor of Xianbei people in Xining, Qinghai.
Southern Yan 398-4 10 Optical Valley Emperor Murong De of Xianbei, Yidu, Shandong Province.
Xiliang 407-42 1 Jiuquan Gansu Jiuquan Han Taizu Zhaowu Wang Liyong
Fox Summer 407-43 1 Tong Wancheng Helian Bobo, the ancestor of Xiongnu in Jingbian, Shaanxi.
Relationship between Beiyan 407-436 and Emperor Yan of Koguryo, Chaoyang, Liaoning Province
Beiliang 397-439 Zhangye Gansu Zhangye Lushui Hu Taizu Wu Xuan Wang Ju Qu Meng Xun
* Yecheng, Wei Ran in 350-352, Linzhang, Hebei, Ran Min, king of Han nationality.
* Xiyan 384-394, the eldest son of Shanxi, Murong Hong, the eldest son of Xianbei nationality.
* Xishu (Houshu) 405-4 13 Hanqiao Sect in Yizhou, Sichuan and Chengdu.
Southern and Northern Dynasties
420-589 Southern Song Dynasty 420-479 Jiankang Jiangsu Nanjing Han Liuyu
Qi 479-502 Jiankang Jiangsu Nanjing Han Qi Xiao Daocheng
Liang 502-557 Wudi County, Nanjing, Jiankang City, Jiangsu Province
Chen 557-589 Jiangsu Jiankang Nanjing Han City
Northern Dynasties Northern Wei Dynasty 386-534 Pingcheng Shanxi Datong Xianbei Wei Daowu Tuoba GUI
Luoyang, Henan Luoyang
534-550 in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, Yuan Shanjian, Emperor of Wei Xiaojing, Xianbei, Linzhang, Hebei Province
Western Wei Dynasty 535-556 Changan Shaanxi xi An Xianbei Wei Wendi Yuanbaoju
Beiqi 550-577 Ye Hebei Linzhang Xianbei Xuan Di Levin
Northern Zhou Dynasty 557-58 1 Chang 'an Shaanxi xi An Xianbei Zhou Xiaomin Di Yuwen Jue.
Sui Dynasty 58 1-6 18 Daxing Shaanxi xi' Han An Emperor Wen Sui.
Tang Dynasty 6 18-907 xi, Chang 'an, Shaanxi Province, Tang gaozu Li Yuan.
The Back Beam of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 907-923 Bianhe Kaifeng Han Liang Taizu Huang Zhu.
In the late Tang Dynasty, 923-936, Luoyang people, Henan Luoyang people, Han people, Tangzhuang people, Li.
The late Jin Dynasty 936-947 Bianhe Kaifeng Han-Jin Gaozu Shijingtang.
Yan, 947-950 in the later Han Dynasty, was sealed in the south of the Han Gaozu River.
Houzhou 95 1-960 Bianhe Kaifeng House Han Zhou Taizu Guo Wei
89 1-925 Wang Jian, great-grandfather of Han nationality in Chengdu, Sichuan
925-965 Meng Zhixiang, the great ancestor of Han nationality in Chengdu, Sichuan.
Yang Wu 892-937 Yangzhou Jiangsu Yangzhou Han Taizu Yang Xingmi
South Tang 937-975 Li Bian, the ancestor of Han nationality in Jinling, Jiangsu and Nanjing.
Wuyue 893-978 Hangzhou Hangzhou Hangzhou Han Wu Su Liu
893-945 Fujian Changle Fuzhou Han Taizu Wang
Ma Chu 896-95 1 Changsha Hunan Changsha Wu Han Wang Mu Ma Yin
South Han 905-97 1 Xing Wang Fu Guangdong Guangzhou Han great-grandfather Liuli
907-963 Nanping, Jingzhou, Hubei Gao Jixing, Xin Wang, Wu Han, Jingzhou, Hubei.
Northern Han Dynasty 95 1-979 Taiyuan Shanxi Taiyuan Han ancestor Liu Chong
Song and Northern Song Dynasties 960- 1 127 Kaifeng Henan Kaifeng Han Taizu Zhao Kuangyin.
Southern Song Dynasty 1 127- 1279 Han An, Lin 'an, Zhejiang, Gaozong Zhao Gou.
Liao 907- 1 125 Yelv Baoji, Taizu of Qidan, Liaoning, Huang Du
Dali 937- 1254 Siping, Taihe Section, Baitaizu, Dali, Yunnan
Xixia 1032- 1227 Xingqingfu Ningxia Yinchuan Dangxiang Jingdi Li Yuanhao
Jin1115-1234 Huining Acheng (black) Jurchen Yan Hong Akuta
Zhongdu Beijing
Kaifeng, Henan Kaifeng
Yuan Dynasty 1206- 1368 Kublai Khan, Yuan Shizu, Mongolian.
Ming Dynasty 1368- 1644 Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor of the Han Dynasty in beijing beijing
Qing dynasty1616-1911beijing beijing Manchu Taizong huangtaiji.
Republic of China 19 12- Zhongshan, Sun Han, Nanjing
Three emperors and five emperors began, and Yao, Shun and Yu were handed down from generation to generation. Xia and Shang Dynasties, Western Zhou Dynasty and Eastern Zhou Dynasty are divided into two parts. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period unified Qin and Han Dynasties.
Three points, two pounds extending back and forth. The Northern and Southern Dynasties coexisted, and the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties passed on. After Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the dynasty ended.
It should be noted that Emperor Gaozu was neither Liu Bang's temple name nor posthumous title. As the founding emperor of Han Dynasty, Liu Bang's temple name is "Taizu" and posthumous title is "Gao Emperor". However, since Sima Qian, a historian in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang has been called "Gaozu", which is often used by later generations, so it is called "Mao", "Han" or "Emperor Gaozu" in history. Liu Bang died in BC 195, at the age of 62 (nominal age), and was buried in Changling, Emperor Gao of posthumous title.
Follwed has neither a temple name nor a posthumous title. Although he claimed to be the emperor of the new dynasty, the monarch named Liu did not pursue the title of follwed. Therefore, Wang Mang was also the only monarch in the feudal dynasty who did not pursue the temple name. However, when Wang Mang was in power, he pursued the temple name for several emperors of the previous generation, and the temple name began to flood from his generation.
Since "former Qin" is behind the Qin Dynasty, why not call it "later Qin" but "former Qin"? The "Qian" of the pre-Qin refers to sixteen countries as the former, and sixteen countries have two Qin, the pre-Qin of Yi people and the post-Qin of Yaochang and Qiang people. The post-Qin dynasty was established for the pre-Qin dynasty, and it also called itself Qin, so it was different from the pre-Qin and post-Qin dynasties. "Pre-Qin" is the first non-Han ethnic regime in the history of China to unify the north, and it is also the historical regime that Sun Gongda said in the study of the Di nationality that "the first attempt was made to unify the whole country with ethnic minorities". "Pre-Qin" usually refers to the pre-Qin established by Qin Shihuang, especially during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
The first emperor of Beiyan was a Koguryo Gao Yun (Koguryo royal family, Gao Yun's grandfather Gao E, a branch of Koguryo nationality). Murong Bao took him as his adopted son and changed his surname to Murong. Because it was also called "Murong Yun", he regained his original surname Gao after he proclaimed himself emperor. The actual founder was Feng Ba (Emperor Mao Wencheng) of Xianbei Han nationality.
During Yan Qian's reign, Murong Hong was made king of northern Hebei. Although Murong Hong was not officially called the Prince of Yan or the Emperor of Yan State when he was in office, he originally intended to join Mu Rongchui, but the establishment of the title has shown that he is independent from other regimes, so Murong Hong is generally regarded as the founder of Xiyan.
Western Shu, sometimes called Houshu and Shu Qiao, is a regime established by Qiao Zong, a Han Chinese, and does not belong to one of the sixteen countries under the traditional definition. Its ruling area is generally in Sichuan Basin.
The Northern Wei Dynasty later merged with the Han nationality to form the Han nationality. A series of reform measures were taken, such as ordering Xianbei nobles to change their surnames to Han, marrying Han landlords, learning Chinese and wearing Hanfu. It is more difficult for people over 30 to change their tune, so they can be suspended. Anyone under the age of 30 who is now an official of the imperial court must be changed to Han, and those who violate this article will be demoted or removed from office. It is stipulated that all officials and people should wear Han clothes; Encourage Xianbei people to intermarry with Han gentry and adopt Han surname. The northern Wei royal family was originally named Tuoba, and later changed its surname to Yuan. Emperor Xiaowen's name is Justin, which is the surname of Han nationality. The drastic reform of Emperor Xiaowen of Wei made the political economy of the Northern Wei Dynasty develop greatly, and further promoted the integration of Xianbei and Han nationality.
Li Shimin was born in Zhao County, Hebei Province, and Li Yuan was born in Guanlong. In order to improve his status, he claimed to be the descendant of Li Hao, the king of Xiliang. Among them, there is such an episode in history. It turns out that before the Western Wei Dynasty, the Li family in Shandong was a noble family. There are five surnames of big noble, such as Wang, Lu, Cui, Li and Zheng, among which Li is a big surname among Xianbei people. Since the establishment of the Western Wei Dynasty based on Guanzhong, it has been rigidly stipulated that the surname of Guanlong Li is a noble family. On this basis, some people think that Li is a ruined aristocrat, while others say that Li is the Onobe surname of Xianbei nationality.
According to the historical data that can be verified, Li Shimin's grandmother of Emperor Taizong, that is, Dugu, the mother of Tang Gaozong Li Yuan, is the sister of a concubine of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty and belongs to non-Han nationality, so there is a relationship between Li Shimin and. Dou, his mother, is also a Xianbei person. But there is not enough historical data to prove the lineage of Li Yuan. There are several sayings in history: giving the surname Onobe and abolishing the surname Henan Li, descendants of the old son. The most likely one is the Han nationality deeply influenced by the Hu people. Now, it is generally believed that Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, is a hybrid of all ethnic groups and a product of great ethnic integration.
Qing Dynasty (A.D. 16 16 ~191),1616 (forty-four years of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, the first year of Destiny in Later Jin Dynasty), the Qing Taizu Nurhachi. 1636 (the ninth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, the first year of Chongde in the Qing Dynasty), Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty proclaimed himself emperor, changed his country name to "Qing", 1644, and the Qing army entered the customs. In the same year, the emperor shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty moved to Beijing, and the Qing Dynasty replaced the Ming Dynasty as the ruler of the whole country.
The Origin of the Names of Eighteen Dynasties in China's History
China has a long history, and the dynasties are sporadic and complicated. The first thing the founder of each dynasty should do is to establish the country name (dynasty name). The title of a country is the title of a country. Historical Records of the Five Emperors: "From the Yellow Emperor to Yu Shun, all people have the same foreign surname, taking Zhang Mingde as an example."
What determines the name of the dynasty? There are roughly five reasons: from the names of tribes and tribal alliances, from the original divinatory symbols and the titles of founders; Originated from the original residence of the founder or the region ruled by the regime; Originated from clan relationship; It means good luck.
Next, let's take a look at the specific country names in the history of China and their origins:
Xia: According to legend, Yu was divined for calling himself "Xia". According to the records of historians, the son of Yu was called "Xia" only after he moved westward to Daxia (Fenyue area in the south of Shanxi).
Shang: According to legend, the ancestor of Shang (now south of Shangqiu, Henan Province) helped Yu to control water and was divined by Shang, and later called his tribe (or tribe) by "Shang". When the soup goes out, it is in the name of "Shang". After Pan Geng moved to Yin (now northwest of Anyang, Henan Province), it was also called Yin or Yin Shang.
Zhou: When the Zhou tribe went to Gugong to pray, they moved to Qishan, Shaanxi Province. After the Yin Dynasty was destroyed, Zhou was taken as the name of the dynasty. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, its capital was established in Gao (now southwest of Shaanxi), and then it was moved from Pingdong to Luoyi (now Luoyang, Henan). Because it is in the east of Gaozhi, it is called "Western Zhou" and "Eastern Zhou".
Qin: According to Records of the Historian, Ben is an ancient tribe. Its leader is Zhou Yangmayou, who was given the surname "Won" by Zhou, and has a small piece of land (now Tianshui County, Gansu Province, nicknamed Longxiyu). Later, Xiang saved Zhou Yougong and was made a vassal. Qin Shihuang unified the six countries and established the State of Qin.
Han: Xiang Yu named Liu Bang Hanwang. Later, Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu and unified China, which was called "Han". Chang 'an was the capital of the early Han Dynasty, and Luoyang was the capital of the later Han Dynasty. Therefore, there are "Western Han Dynasty" and "Eastern Han Dynasty" in the capital, and "pre-Han Dynasty" and "post-Han Dynasty" in time.
Wei: Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty once named Cao Cao "Duke Wei" and "Wang Wei", and Cao Pi was called "Wei" after the Han Dynasty. Cao was given a title by the royal family and was also called "Cao Wei" in history.
Shu: Sichuan is the activity area, Shu refers to Sichuan, and its regime gangs call it "Shu". Also known as "Shu Han" in history. Chinese refers to the continuation of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Wu: Sun Quan lives in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In history, when Wu was founded, Cao Wei named Sun Quan as "King of Wu", so it was called "Sun Wu" in history. Because it is located in the East, it is also called "Soochow".
Jin: The Wei Emperor was forced to call him "Duke Jin". After the destruction of Shu, he became the King of Jin. Later, his son Siyan inherited his title, forcing Wei Emperor to abdicate and stand on his own feet as emperor, with the title of "Jin".
Sui: Yang Zhong, the father of Yang Jian, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, was once named "the successor to the country" by the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Later, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty also adopted this kind of divinatory image, which was called "following the DPRK". He thinks that the meaning of "go with you" may be changed to "follow", which is ominous.
Tang: Li Hu, the grandfather of Tang Gaozu Li Yuan, was called "Duke Tang", and his title was passed on to Li Yuan. After the uprising in Taiyuan, Li Yuan claimed to be the "King of the Tang Dynasty", and later abandoned You Yang to build the Tang Dynasty.
Liao: Liao was originally called "Qidan", but it was changed to "Liao" because it lived in the upper reaches of Liaohe River.
Song Dynasty: After Emperor Gong succeeded to the throne in the later Zhou Dynasty, he was appointed as our ambassador to Germany. The German army was stationed in Songzhou (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and was appointed as our ambassador to Songzhou. Therefore, after the mutiny, Chen Qiao made his fortune in Songzhou and was named "Song".
Xixia: Tuoba Sigong occupied Zhou Xia (now Hengshan County, Shaanxi Province) and named it "Daxia" after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Because in the west, the Song people called it "Xixia".
Jin: Jin City is located in Ning, Jing Hui (now south of Acheng District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province). It is said that its aquatic products are gold. In Jurchen language, the word "Jin" means "pressing out the tiger".
Yuan: According to the History of Yuan Dynasty, the naming of Yuan was decided by Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu. It is the "Yuan" in the sentence "Great Gan Yuan" in the Book of Changes, which means great and first. However, some people think it is related to Mongolian customs and totems, while others think it is related to Buddhism.
Ming: Zhu Yuanzhang was one of the insurgents at the end of Yuan Dynasty, which was developed by inheriting Guo Zixing. Guo Zixing belongs to An Baili Sect. The White Lotus Sect declared that "darkness is about to pass, and light is coming" to inspire people to oppose the rule of the dark Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, it is also called the Illuminati. Han called him "Wang Ming" (his son called him "Wang Xiaoming"), which reflected his purpose. Zhu Yuanzhang not only once believed in religion, but also admitted that he was a member of the rebel army (once deputy marshal Zuo). After Zhu Yuanzhang came to power, the title of the country was "Ming".
Qing: Manchu is a branch of Jurchen nationality. The Jurchen nationality established the Jin State in the Northern Song Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Jurchen forces regained their strength and rebuilt the State of Jin (the later Jin Dynasty). In order to expand outward, the late Jin Dynasty severed its vassal relationship with the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty changed "Nuzhen" to "Manchuria" and "Jin" to "Qing". In the Song Dynasty, Jurchen was controlled by the Khitans. His generation pointed out that the word "Liao" means "iron" in the Khitan language, so it was named "Jin", which means it is stronger than iron and can overwhelm Liao. There are different opinions on the reasons why "Jin" changed to "Qing". Some people think that Huang Taiji wants to avoid causing sharp contradictions. There is also a legend that Nurhachi rode a big green horse when he fled in his early years, and the horse was exhausted. Nurhachi said sadly, "Daqing, Daqing, I will win the world in the future. My country's name is Daqing." So when Huang Taiji changed his name, it was changed to Qing.
Classification of country names
From Xia Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, China experienced a long period of more than 4,000 years. China's dynasty is even more dazzling. So how did these country names come from? To sum up, there are six main categories.
First, it is common in China to use ethnic names as country names and ethnic names as country names. Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties were all named after clans. Another example is the Khitan, which is also named after the clan.
Second, taking place names as country names is the most common in Zhou Dynasty. For example, Chen and Cai are both place names and country names.
Third, the surname is the country name. In the early Warring States period, Zhao, Wei and North Korea were typical countries with surnames as their titles.
Fourth, the original title is the title of the country. Before the founding emperor became emperor, he used this title as his later title. For example, Cao Pi was named Wang Wei by Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty before he ascended the throne. When he became emperor, he took Wei as his country name. There are many such examples, such as Liu Bang as Hanwang, Emperor Wendi as Emperor Yangdi, and Sima Yan as Jin Wengong. In fact, the title is also a place name, which refers to the sealed place.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) looks at the country name from a cultural perspective. This situation was more common in the late feudal society. The name of the country has a certain wish. For example, in the yuan dynasty, it was taken from a sentence in the book of changes, that is, "do something big." . Yuan, for talent. And Ming is related to Zhu. Qing is also five elements of water, water is fire, and Ming is fire. This is determined from the perspective of the five virtues culture.
6. Inherit the names of people with the same surname or family in history. For example, in the early Qing dynasty, it was called Jin, which inherited the gold established by the Wanyan Department of the Jurchen nationality. For another example, in the Northern Han Dynasty in the northern part of Shanxi in the early Song Dynasty, Emperor Liu inherited the title of Han family. These just show that the royal family has a long history and noble blood.
Which feudal regimes in the history of China were established by ethnic minorities?
In the Northern Wei Dynasty (386 ~ 534), Tuoba GUI, a minority dynasty established by Xianbei people, became king in the first year of Taichu (386), formerly known as Daiguo. In the same year, it was renamed Wei, and Jianyuan became a country. Historically known as the Northern Wei Dynasty, Tuoba GUI, Wei Yuan and Hou Wei. In the fifth year of the Northern Wei Dynasty (439), the Northern Wei Dynasty destroyed the northern cool, ended the Sixteen Kingdoms period, unified the North, and spread the emperor 17, which lasted17/year. In the first year of Tianxing (398), he proclaimed himself emperor and made his capital Pingcheng. At its peak, the territory was about Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Ningxia, Gansu and other provinces, most of Henan, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia, parts of Liaoning, Anhui, Jiangsu, Qinghai and Xinjiang, and parts of southern Mongolia. Later, he moved to Luoyang (now Henan). In the 18th year of Taihe (494), Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba Hong moved to Luoyang, which accelerated the sinicization of Xianbei people and strengthened the rule of the Central Plains. Change Tuoba to Yuanshi County. In the third year of Yongxi (534), Xiao fled to Chang 'an and took refuge. Gao Huan made Yuan Shan emperor, moved the capital to Ye (now Linzhang, Hebei Province) and changed Yuan for filial piety and tranquility. History is called the Eastern Wei Dynasty. The Northern Wei Dynasty died.
The Eastern Wei Dynasty (534 ~ 550) was a minority dynasty established by Xianbei people. In 534, Yuan Shan, the imperial clan of the Northern Wei Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor and moved his capital to Yecheng (now Linzhang, Hebei Province), known as the Eastern Wei Dynasty, and passed it on to the emperor 1, 17 years.
The Western Wei Dynasty (535 ~ 556) was a minority dynasty established by Xianbei people. In 535, Yuan Bao, the imperial clan of the State of Wei, proclaimed himself emperor and established Chang 'an as its capital, which was known as the Western Wei in history. It took three emperors and 22 years.
Northern Qi Dynasty (550 ~ 577) was a minority dynasty established by Xianbei people. In 550, Levin abolished the Eastern Wei Emperor's independence, made Yecheng its capital, and its title was Qi. It was called Beiqi in history, and passed on to six emperors, with a calendar of 18.
The Northern Zhou Dynasty (557 ~ 58 1) was a minority dynasty established by Xianbei people. In 557, Yu Wenjue was called the King of Heaven, with Chang 'an as its capital and Zhou as its title, which was called the Northern Zhou in history. In the sixth year of Jiande in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (577), the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi and unified the North, which affected the five emperors for 25 years.
In Liao Dynasty (9 16 ~ 1 125), the minority dynasty established by Qidan nationality lasted for 2 10 years and spread to 9 emperors. The history of Liao can be traced back to the third century. In 907, Yeluboji became the chief of Qidan. In 9 16 AD, Lu Ye Abaoji, the leader of Qidan, proclaimed himself emperor, and Liao was founded. In 9 18, the Imperial Capital was established (now Boluo City, south of Zuo Qi, Bahrain, Inner Mongolia). In 947, the Imperial Capital was changed to Beijing, and 107 moved the capital to Dadingfu, Zhongjing Road. The territory of "Liao" was the dynasty that ruled the northern part of China at that time and confronted the Song Dynasty, from the northeast to the mouth of Heilongjiang in the Sea of Japan, from the northwest to central Mongolia, to the Haihe River in Tianjin, eight counties in Hebei and Yanmenguan in Shanxi in the south. When Liao was first founded, it was called Qidan, and it was changed to Liao in 947. During this period, it was changed from Qidan in 983 to 1066. The founding monarch was Lu Ye Baoji, Liao Taizu. After the ninth emperor 1 125 (the fifth year of Liao newspaper) was destroyed by gold.
Jin Dynasty (11/kloc-0 ~1234), a minority dynasty established by the Jurchen nationality, was founded by Akuta, Jin Taizu, with the title of "Daikin"; "Jin" was built in 1 1 15, with Huining House as its capital (now Baicheng Town, Acheng, Heilongjiang Province), and then moved to Yanjing (now Beijing) and Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province). He died in Mongolia in the second year of Jin Dynasty (1234) and experienced 10 emperors.
The Yuan Dynasty (1206 ~ 1368), 127 1 established Kublai Khan (that is, Yuan Shizu), 1279 destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty and made its capital (now Beijing). 1368 perished in the Ming dynasty.
In Qing Dynasty (1636- 19 12), the minority dynasty established by Manchu was Ai Xinjue Roche. 16 16 years (forty-four years of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty), Nurhachi established a dynasty called Khan, whose name was Daikin, and its history was called Houjin. The capital is Hetuala (also known as Xingjing, Hetuala, Heituala and Heituala), which means "Henggang" in Manchu. China in the old town of Xiyongling Town, Xinbin County, Liaoning Province). 1636 (the first year of Chongde in Ming Dynasty and the ninth year of Chongzhen), Huang Taiji changed his country name to Qing Dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor. 1644, Li Zicheng peasant army captured Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen of Ming Dynasty committed suicide. The Qing army led by Wu Sangui took the opportunity to enter the customs to defeat the peasant army, and Dourgen welcomed the emperor shunzhi to enter the customs, making Beijing its capital. 19 1 1 year, when the Revolution of 1911 broke out, the provinces declared their independence one after another, and the Qing dynasty collapsed. 19 12 The Qing emperor abdicated and the Qing Dynasty officially perished. After the Qing dynasty entered the customs, it went through ten emperors for 268 years.
Remarks: Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty were the most complete feudal dynasties established by ethnic minorities.