There are 97 articles in the book 10 of Pulse Sutra, which was compiled by Wang Shuhe in the Western Jin Dynasty. This is the first extant work on pulse science in the medical history of China, and it is a summary of China's knowledge of pulse science before the 3rd century A.D. At the beginning of the book "Pulse Classic", it is pointed out that "pulse science is subtle, but its body is difficult to argue" and "the mind is easy to understand". This book is written and summarized for these difficulties.
Although Pulse Classic is a book that synthesizes the achievements of the previous generation of pulse science, it has a very important position in the history of medical development in China and has great influence at home and abroad because of its concise and concentrated length and easy to learn and understand. For example, the imperial doctors in the Tang Dynasty took it as a compulsory course, and the medical education in ancient Japan also imitated the Tang system, and of course it was no exception. After the book was written, it spread to China and Tibet, which had a great influence on Tibetan medicine related disciplines. From here, China's pulse science was introduced into Indian and Arab countries, which also influenced the development of pulse science in Western Europe. For example, in the book China's Scientific Treasure in Ilhan, an encyclopedia of Persian medicine written by La A Hamdan of ancient Persia (1247 ~ 13 18), there is Wang Shuhe's name, and the content of pulse science is the same as "The Scientific Treasure of Ilhan". Avicenna (980 ~ 1037), a medieval Arab medical sage, also had similar contents of pulse science, which shows that Pulse Classic has a far-reaching influence in the history of Chinese and foreign medical development.
The Book of Old Tang Dynasty contains two volumes of Pulse Sutra, but by the early Song Dynasty, this book was on the verge of being lost. Song Linyi and others found this book and deleted it when correcting the medical book. The earliest extant edition is the carved edition of Tian Li Sannian Guangqin Bookstore. From Ming and Qing dynasties to modern times, there were dozens of kinds of block printing and typesetting. Among them, the Qingshou Shange series is more influential. After the founding of New China, it was published by Commercial Press, People's Health Publishing House, Shanghai Health Publishing House and Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House.
2. Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion
The full names are sometimes called Huangdi A-B Classic (Sui Shu Classic Ji Zhi) and Huangdi Sanjing (Tang Xin Shu, Literature and Art Zhi). ), now it is generally called acupuncture A-B classic. The number of volumes contained in each book is different, and the twelve volumes described in the preface are mostly taken from this book.
This edition of Acupuncture A-B Classic has a total of 12 volumes and 128 articles, and its content is to extract the essence of relevant parts of Su Wen and Jing Cheng (that is, acupuncture treatment of Lingshu and Tang Ming) and rearrange them.
Volumes 1 to 6 describe the physiological functions of the human body in turn, including the relationship between the five internal organs, Wei Ying's qi and blood, spirit and soul, essence and body fluid, and the functions of the five senses and internal organs of the limbs. Secondly, the circulation route, bone degree and intestine degree of human meridian system, such as meridians, tendons, intestines and stomach, are affected; Thirdly, human body acupoints, according to human body parts, describe their positions and indications. The book describes 348 Shu points (including 49 single points; 299 double points) instead of 365 points, these points are arranged according to the head, face, neck, chest, abdomen, arms, thighs and other parts; It is easy to find. Each acupoint has the depth of acupuncture and the intensity of moxibustion. The diagnosis method is expounded again, and the content of pulse diagnosis is emphatically introduced. Especially the three nines; Then, it introduces acupoints and taboos, including forbidden acupoints; Finally, based on the theory of yin-yang and five elements, some pathological and physiological problems are introduced and explained.
The clinical part is also six volumes, which introduces the acupuncture treatment of diseases such as internal medicine (including typhoid fever, apoplexy and miscellaneous diseases), ENT, gynecology and pediatrics in turn, including 43 articles in internal medicine, including diseases such as exogenous six evils, internal injuries, internal organs and five senses of meridians. There are three articles in surgery, mainly discussing carbuncle, as for gynecology and pediatrics.
The completion of acupuncture classics A and B greatly promoted the development of acupuncture in China. In the 6th to 8th centuries, teaching in China, Korea and Japan was stipulated as a compulsory course for teaching students. The important works of acupuncture in Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties are basically based on this book. There has been an English translation of this book abroad for a long time, which also has an important influence on the development of acupuncture abroad.
Third, "elbow backup emergency prescription"
The book, originally named "Save the Dead after Elbow", consists of three volumes, written by Ge Hong in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. This edition of elbow backup first-aid prescription consists of eight volumes, the contents of which are mainly simple and convenient treatments for some common diseases, including oral prescriptions, external use, massage, moxibustion, bonesetting and other very practical contents. Although the title of this book is "Elbow Queen", it contains a lot of valuable medical historical materials and practical prescriptions and methods. There are many important inventions and discoveries in the history of medicine, which have important enlightenment to today's medical practice.
The "abscess" he described, smallpox, was introduced from outside, not inherent in China, and it has important medical history value.
The book also mentions various infectious diseases, such as shooting workers, sand lice, horse gangrene and so on. Critics believe that the so-called shooting workers is a description of a schistosomiasis. Sand lice describe tsutsugamushi disease, and some people think it is the process of schistosomiasis. More valuable, the book also points out that this sand louse enters the body. If you pick a bug with a needle, just like a scab, you can only see the movement by exposing the light with your claws. This can prove that the sarcophagus was known at that time, and it is very suitable to compare the sarcophagus with its size and detection method. In a word, the book Elbow Backup Emergency Prescription describes several ancient infectious diseases in detail and occupies an important position in the history of infectious diseases in the world.
There is a section in Elbow Emergency Prescription on the treatment of "dog biting poison". First of all, the book recognizes the seriousness of dog bites, and points out its potential and course of disease. There are about 20 methods to treat rabies, among which the method of "biting the dog to death and taking brain medicine will not recur" is valuable in that it uses the brain tissue of rabies patients to apply wounds and prevent the onset of rabies, which is a budding idea of immunotherapy. Rabies virus is a kind of nerve-friendly virus, which breeds in rabies brain tissue. Using this tissue to treat rabies, if it is put forward under the influence of the idea of "fighting poison with poison", is also in line with the basic principles of modern immunotherapy.
Although Elbow Emergency Prescription is a simple and easy-to-obtain treatment method, it seems that this book and its therapeutic ideas are not in harmony with the idea of "treating according to syndrome differentiation" that has always been regarded as orthodox, which makes some "orthodox" physicians think that it is not important or even worth mentioning and cannot be elegant. However, it is these simple and accessible treatments and prescriptions that contain precious essence and deserve attention. If Artemisia annua is used to treat malaria, it is a valuable conclusion accumulated from long-term experience to "dye it with two liters of water and take it by wringing juice". Modern research has proved that Artemisia annua contains artemisinin with obvious antimalarial effect, which is a heat-labile chemical component. Therefore, although Chinese medicine generally uses decoction, Ge Hong emphasizes taking its juice raw. The separation of artemisinin led to an important discovery in the history of modern antimalarial drugs (research on antimalarial effect of Artemisia annua, selected papers of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine for 30 years, Ancient Chinese Medicine Publishing House, 1985). Another example is the description of foot weakness in the book, which can be considered as the earliest history of beriberi, especially the description of heart beriberi, and adding enough vitamin B to treat beriberi.
Four, "The famous doctor don't record"
The original book was lost earlier, but its related contents can still be seen in later editions of Daguan Materia Medica and Zhenghe Materia Medica. Tao Hongjing's Notes on Materia Medica, 365 of which were recorded by Tao Hongjing from the Collection of Famous Doctors.
There should be more than 730 kinds of drugs in the original book A Bie Lu, a famous doctor, because this number was selected by Tao Hongjing when he compiled it into two independent works, and some drugs that were subjectively considered unnecessary at that time might be abandoned. Judging from the classification method of drugs, it is still the three-product classification in materia medica, that is, according to the therapeutic effect of drugs, they are roughly divided into three categories, and under each category, they are roughly divided into plants, minerals, animals and other drugs.
For each drug, this book has its proper name, taste, indication, alias (or name), usage, dosage, dosage form, collection and processing method of origin, and seven emotions and six evils. This is basically the same as the Classic of Materia Medica. In A Bie Lu, a famous doctor, the prescription has attached some medicinal materials, such as "honeycomb, loose hair and snakeskin are burned together, and the wine is taken in square inches." On the second day, all kinds of malignant gangrene, bone carbuncle healed, rooted in viscera, swollen in calendar, and all kinds of toxins were poor. " This is the earliest formula in herbal works. In addition, the indications of some drugs recorded in Bielu, a famous doctor, have exceeded those recorded in Bencao Jing, such as cinnamon sweating and Stemona coughing. These are not available in the Classic, so this book has important practical value for studying the materia medica of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) notes on herbal classics
The book Liang Tao Hong Jing is compiled according to the contents of Shennong's herbal classics and famous doctors' records, with 365 kinds and 730 kinds respectively, which is also a great achievement in the history of herbal development in this period. There are two kinds of remnant volumes of Notes on Materia Medica, one is unearthed from Dunhuang Grottoes, and the other is unearthed from Turpan.
Dunhuang manuscript has only one volume, which is the "preface" part. The original scroll is17m long and written on both sides. 1908, when Japanese giant Ruichao and Ji Chuan Koichiro were exploring in Central Asia, they were ordered by Ryugu Guangrui to take them to Japan from Dunhuang. There are a few other documents on the front and back of this volume, and there are 720 lines of Notes on Materia Medica on the back, but the front is missing. According to the last two lines of Wei Zhi, Lin Lu wrote a volume of Materia Medica in Du Yu on September 11th, the sixth year of Kaiyuan. Luo Zhenyu thinks that this passage is different from the original calligraphy, and it should be a work of the Six Dynasties. 1955 qunlian publishing house has a photocopy of this remnant volume.
The fragments unearthed in Turpan are 28.5×27 cm, and only the full text of swallow excrement and mouse excrement, the notes on the second half of dolphin eggs and the foreword of mole (mouse spring) should be part of the contents of veterinary drugs in Notes on Materia Medica.
These two things are one at Ryoku University in Japan (one at London Museum in England) and the other at Prussia College in Germany.
Six, "Liu Ghost Legacy"
Legend has it that Liu's Ghost Legacy is a surgical monograph left by Liu when he met "Fu Huang Ghost" in the suburb of Danyang at the end of Jin Dynasty, also known as "Fairy Legacy". According to Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi, there are ten volumes in this book, but only five volumes are left in this book. Later, it was passed on to Gong Qingxuan of the Northern Qi Dynasty by Liu's descendants, and the original book You Gang Ju Fang edited by Gong Qingxuan became this edition of Liu's Ghost House.
With regard to the understanding of surgical gangrene, after Wei and Jin Dynasties, the wind of serving stones became more and more popular, and the incidence of gangrene increased greatly. Objectively, it is required to improve the understanding and treatment of gangrene. It was in this period that Ghost Legacy Fang appeared, which was basically a monograph on gangrene syndrome. In addition, it also involves the treatment of gold sores, blood stasis and trauma, including stopping pain and bleeding, taking out arrows, etc. The book contains 140 prescriptions, including 34 prescriptions for treating golden sores and injuries. The dialectical theory and treatment of carbuncle are particularly detailed, which can be called the earliest monograph on carbuncle and golden sore in China.
The book clearly distinguishes carbuncle and gangrene from the aspects of pathogenesis and symptoms, and the distinction between carbuncle and gangrene has been very detailed. In addition to distinguishing whether it is suppurative or not, it also points out the relationship between the location of the disease and the prognosis, indicating that the prognosis of systemic infection caused by severe carbuncle is serious.
The treatment of superficial syndrome of carbuncle poisoning is discussed in detail in Ghost Legacy Prescription. It gives dialectical treatment according to the different conditions of carbuncle, and puts forward a variety of detoxification treatment methods. For stalactite poisoning, the book uses "the blood on the cock's elbow is combined and the iron powder soup is taken in a tea bowl". Another example is red sand hair, which is made of "black lead, astragalus root, divaricate Saposhnikovia root and Long Fu liver in half, with one liter of water and half a teacup."
Liu's "Ghost Legacy Prescription" represents the development level of surgery in the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China.
The earliest extant edition of this book is the Song Dynasty engraving collected by Beijing Library, and two pages have been unearthed in Turpan, Xinjiang. There were also some engravings in the Qing Dynasty, and People's Guardian Publishing House published a Song Dynasty engraving of 1956.
Seven, "sketch"
Xiao Fangfang, also known as Jing Fang Xiaofang, is an important work in this period. Author Chen, lost his life. According to scholars' research, it was written between the Southern Dynasties, the Song Dynasty and the Qi Dynasty in the second half of the fifth century.
The specific content of Xiao Pian Fang was lost in Song Dynasty. 1985 The incomplete volumes of this book, including the preface, the general catalogue and the first volume, were found from the medical department of the book classification catalogue of the Japanese Respect Pavilion Library, which greatly strengthened the possibility of restoring the whole picture of Xiaoyao San. According to the general catalogue, the book * * * has twelve volumes, except for the orderly articles at the beginning, the bibliography of the book and the daily records of the book. The contents are as follows: The first volume includes drug combination methods, 27 prescriptions for regulating triple energizer and 8 prescriptions for treating thoracic obstruction, the second to fifth volumes are prescriptions for treating various miscellaneous diseases, the sixth volume is prescriptions for treating typhoid fever, and the seventh and eighth volumes are prescriptions for treating gynecological diseases and teenagers.
Xiao Pian Fang is rich in content, which can be described as a comprehensive encyclopedia before the Tang Dynasty. It had considerable influence at that time and was regarded as a classic with the same meaning as Treatise on Febrile Diseases. It is also a guide book for a department. The so-called "children who begin to learn to treat diseases should also learn this" sketch "as an introduction." Because of this, before the book was circulated, it had a great influence, and the Ministry of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Tang Dynasty stipulated that the small folk prescription was a course of psychology for students. Later, he followed the Japanese Dabao method and style of the Tang Dynasty, and attached great importance to this book as a teaching material, requiring a study time of up to 300 days. There are many original treatment methods in the lost articles quoted in Qian Jin Fang, Wai Tai Mi Ji and Yi Xin Fang. For example, a simple and scientific method to judge whether there is poisonous gas in well burial, which is contained in Volume 10 of Wai Tai, is an effective measure to prevent poisoning. Another example is the "self-healing prescription" cited in Yi Xin Fang, whose method is extremely detailed, which is developed compared with that described in Zhang Zhongjing's Summary of the Present Room.
Xiaopian Fang has been lost since the end of Song Dynasty, and its lost articles are scattered in later addenda, such as Elbow's Emergency Prescription, Thousand Daughters, The Secret of Foreign Taiwan, On the Causes of Various Diseases, etc. In addition, there are some lost articles in Japanese Medicine Heart Prescription and North Korea's East Medical Collection. The remnants of this book were found in Japan in modern times. The existing compilation was published by Tianjin Science and Technology Publishing House with the number 1983.
References:
China medical research
The development of ancient medical works
475- 265 AD (Warring States-Three Kingdoms)
The appearance of Huangdi Neijing is not accidental, but the inevitable result of the development of pre-Qin medicine. According to the Records of Hanshu Yiwenzhi, there were seven medical classics at that time, with a total volume of 2 16, but most of them have been lost, only Neijing was left. Huangdi Neijing, including Su Wen and Ling Shu, has always been controversial. It was not written by one person at a time, but was collected, sorted out and synthesized by many doctors from the Warring States to the Qin and Han Dynasties. Traditional Chinese medicine has two remarkable characteristics, one is the overall concept, and the other is the treatment based on syndrome differentiation, which are fully reflected in Neijing, especially the overall concept.
"Difficult Classics" was originally named "Yellow Emperor's Eighty-one Difficult Classics", which consists of three volumes (there are also five volumes). The author and the date of writing are unknown. This book is written in the form of answering questions, and discusses eighty-one questions, so it is also called "eighty-one difficulties".
Treatise on Febrile Diseases is the work of Zhang Zhongjing, which was written in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Shortly after the publication of Treatise on Febrile Diseases, due to the loss of the original work during the war, later generations collected typhoid fever and miscellaneous diseases respectively, and compiled two books, Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber. Treatise on Febrile Diseases is one of the most influential works in the history of medical development in China. After writing it, it has been guiding the clinical practice of doctors later.
A.D. 265-960 (Jin Five Dynasties)
During this period, many doctors were engaged in the collation and annotation of Neijing. The earliest person engaged in this work was Yuan Qi at the time of Qi and Liang Dynasties, and he made comments on the eight volumes of Su Wen, named Su Wen Xun Jie. This book was lost in the Southern Song Dynasty.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Yang Shangshan compiled and annotated 30 volumes of Neijing, which is the earliest extant annotation of Neijing.
Su Wen Zhu Shu had a great influence on Bing Wang in the middle Tang Dynasty. It took him twelve years to write 24 volumes of Notes on Yellow Emperor's Plain Questions in 762.
Wang Shuhe, the author of Pulse Sutra, wrote it in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Both Neijing and Difficult Classic elaborated pulse diagnosis. Wang Shuhe collected information on pulse diagnosis, collected opinions from various schools, and combined with his own clinical experience, wrote ten volumes of Pulse Meridian.
The Theory of Staging Diseases and Pathogens was compiled by Chao et al. in AD 6 10. The book ***50 volumes, divided into 67 doors, discusses 1739 diseases. The greatest contribution of this book lies in the extensive and detailed records of diseases and the understanding of the sources of diseases.
Save the nation after elbow, written by Ge Hong in Jin Dynasty. He first wrote the synopsis of the golden chamber (volume 100). Due to the voluminous space, it is inconvenient to carry, and the emergency, common, brief and practical parts are summarized into three volumes. There are 8 volumes in The Elbow to Heal the Wounded, and the outstanding point in the book is the understanding of some infectious diseases, which has reached a high level.
Qian Jin Fang Yao and Qian Jin Fang Yi were written by Sun Simiao in Tang Dynasty. Sun Simiao attaches great importance to doctors' medical ethics. Sun Simiao attached great importance to the valuable experience of his predecessors, but he was not rigid in respecting the past. He attached great importance to the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological and pediatric diseases. There are three volumes of A Thousand Women's Children for women and two volumes for children and babies.
The Secret of Foreign Taiwan Province is the work of Wang Tao in Tang Dynasty. The 40-volume book, divided into 1 104, is another large-scale comprehensive medical work in the Tang Dynasty. The content includes the diagnosis and treatment of internal and external diseases, orthopedics, obstetrics and gynecology, children, infectious diseases, skin, facial features, animal diseases and other disciplines. This book is mainly selected from many books from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty. The arrangement of clinical departments is more reasonable, focusing on the rear and orderly. Pay attention to acute infectious diseases, typhoid fever, febrile diseases, malaria, etc. It takes up a lot of space, which shows that they know a lot about infectious diseases.
Huangfu Mi in Jin Dynasty was written in 256-282 AD, which is the earliest extant acupuncture monograph in China. The book is divided into 12 volumes and 128 articles. The book describes the physiological and pathological changes of the human body, focusing on the total number and location of acupuncture points, detailing the operation methods of acupuncture, and arranging various indications according to clinical needs. This book has a long influence, and other famous acupuncture works are basically based on this book. This book also spread abroad earlier.
Liu's Ghost Legacy was written by Gong Qingxuan, a native of the Southern Qi Dynasty. It was written between 475 and 502, and it is the earliest existing surgical book. The main contents include skin diseases such as golden sore, carbuncle, furuncle and scabies, and there are 140 prescriptions for both internal and external treatment.
The secret recipe of immortal healing, written by Lin Daoren in Sui and Tang Dynasties, was written at 84 1-846. This is the earliest extant monograph on traumatology in China, with high academic value. It reflects that the treatment level of orthopedic diseases in Sui and Tang Dynasties has been quite advanced. The book received more than 40 prescriptions, which laid a theoretical foundation for the use of drugs in traumatology.
960- 1368 (Song and Yuan Dynasties)
Taiping Sheng Huifang is one of the large-scale prescriptions compiled by Song Ting. *** 100 volume, divided into 1670 sections, with 16834 articles as the prescription, which collected widely the prescriptions before the Song Dynasty and the folk prescriptions at that time, and the contents were quite rich. It is discussed from the aspects of prescription, medicine, disease syndrome and pathology.
Sheng Hui Fang Xuan, written in 1046, edited by He Xipeng's Taiping Sheng Huifang. It has been used as a textbook for hundreds of years, which has a great influence on the development of prescription science in later generations.
Taiping Huimin Heji Bureau Prescription was revised by Pei Zongyuan, an imperial doctor in Song Dynasty, and compiled into Heji Bureau Prescription. The book has ***5 volumes, divided into 2 1 doors, and contains 297 songs. Later, the "Heji Jufang" was supplemented many times, and its content was increasingly rich. 1 15 1 year, named "Taiping Huimin Harmony Agent Bureau Prescription", which was promulgated nationwide and became one of the earliest prescriptions of ethnic pharmacies in the world. Taiping Huimin Hejiju Prescription contained 10 at the time of publication, with 3 volumes of medication guidelines, which were divided into wind, typhoid and qi 14 categories, with 788 volumes.
Summary of Shengji: At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the government organized doctors to collect ancient prescriptions and folk prescriptions extensively, which took seven years (11-1165438) to compile. ***200 volumes, up to 2 million words, divided into more than 60 doors and nearly 20,000 prescriptions, covering almost all the prescriptions of the previous generation.
Strict use of the book was written in Song Dynasty 1253, which is a summary of Yan's clinical experience for more than 50 years. Book 10 volume, 80 chapters, 400 square meters. The original book is lost.
"Three Yin and One Syndrome Prescription" was written by Chen Yan in Song Dynasty. The book 15 is divided into 180 doors, with more than 500 articles. There is a clear theory, followed by prescription, which is convenient for readers to understand the cause and seek treatment according to the theory, and also helps to spread the prescription.
In Jin Dynasty, Liu wrote two volumes of Syndromes of Original Diseases, 15 volume of Lun Fang, three volumes of Shang Han Fang and two volumes of Xin Fa Extraction of Shang Han Specimens. There are two reliable and valuable books, Su Wenxuan Ji's Original Disease Types and Xuanming Lun Fang.
Zhang Zhu in the Jin Dynasty has Medicine Source, Pearl Capsule, Prescription for Deficiency of Labor, Visceral Specimen and so on.
Zhang Congzheng of the Jin Dynasty wrote: "Confucians are all related".
Gao Li wrote Spleen and Stomach, Internal Injuries and Exogenous Diseases and Shi Lan's Secret Collection in the Jin Dynasty.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Wang wrote Important Cases of Yin Syndrome and Herbal Decoction, which is really hard to know.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Zhenheng wrote The Theory of Gezhi Redundancy, The Application of Local Prescriptions, Supplementary Notes on Materia Medica, Syndrome Differentiation of Epidemic Febrile Diseases and so on.
A.D. 1368- 1840 (before the Opium War in Ming and Qing Dynasties)
1384 materia medica played by Xu Yongcheng.
Materia Medica for Disaster Relief, compiled by Zhu Gui in 1406, is a botanical work with dual functions of medicine and food in China 15 century, and it is also a botanical atlas.
Herbal Medicine in Southern Yunnan (about 1476), edited by Mao Lan.
Compendium of Materia Medica 1492, edited by Wang Lun.
Compendium of Materia Medica 1578, by Li Shizhen, 52 volumes. Li Shizhen is also the author of "Hu Ling's Pulse Studies" and "Eight Veins of Strange Classics".
The Standard of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment (1602- 1608) was written by Wang Kentang. The book pays attention to syndrome differentiation and treatment, and each syndrome is quoted from classics and combined with one's own opinions. Rich in content, clear in organization, moderate in discussion and refined in selection.
Shoushibaoyuan 16 15, by Gong Tingxian, *** 10.
Authentic Surgery 16 17, edited by Chen Shigong. This book is mainly the author's summary of his own surgical theory and experience, and there are some illustrations of surgical diseases in the book.
On Plague 1642, by Wu Youxing. The book founded the theory of "rage", which put forward great opinions on the causes of epidemic febrile diseases and unique opinions on infectious diseases.
On Ye Gui's Warmth. This book summarizes the theory and experience of epidemic febrile diseases, which plays an important role in the development of epidemic febrile diseases and lays the foundation for the formation of theoretical system of epidemic febrile diseases.
Distinguishing between Damp and Hot Zones was written by Xue Xue. This book briefly expounds the etiology, symptoms, characteristics of development and changes, and the rules of diagnosis and treatment of damp-heat in the form of articles, and also shows the author's own views, which has made certain contributions to the development of febrile diseases.
Notes on Zhao Xuemin's Compendium of Materia Medica 1765- 1802. There are 92 1 drugs, of which 7 16 drugs are not included in Compendium of Materia Medica or are not described clearly.