China's famous pirate \x0d\ China's pirate "ancestor" Sun En \x0d\ At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the great maritime uprising led by Sun En and Lu Xun lasted 1 13 years from 398 to 465438, and an army of pirates with nearly one million people marched to the vast area south of the Yangtze River, crisscrossing the East China Sea and the South China Sea. Such a magnificent armed uprising at sea is rare in the history of piracy in China. \x0d\ Sun En, wonderful word. The world provides five barrels of rice. When Emperor Wu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was in filial piety, his uncle Sun Tai was the leader of Wudou Midao, and he was very prestigious among the people and respected him as a god. His followers are distributed all over the south. When Sun Tai was killed, Sun En fled to the seaside, where he desperately wanted revenge. In 399 AD, since the island coached its party, it killed Shangyu Order and seized the meeting records, and the team quickly expanded to several hundred thousand people. Sun En traveled to Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan, Taizhou, Wenzhou, Nanjing and Yangzhou. \x0d\ Luxun, the first word, is "beautiful in color and elegant in talent". He is good at cursive and chess, and he is a gentle man. In 402 AD, Sun En committed suicide by throwing himself into the sea after his defeat. The rest, mainly Lu Xun, moved to Guangzhou, Changsha, Nanchang, Nanjing and Guangdong, and 4 1 1 failed. Sun En and Lu Xun were called "the beginning of pirates in the Central Plains", which provided experience for later pirates. Later generations often call pirates Sun En, and Sun En has become synonymous with pirates. This is the origin of Sun En, the founder of pirates. \x0d\ Fang Guozhen \x0d\ Fang Guozhen, the "sea soul" in eastern Zhejiang, is a native of Yangshan, Huangyan County, Taizhou, eastern Zhejiang, and was born in poverty. History books say that he is "seven feet long, burly, with a black face and a white face, determined and brave, and gallops hard", and there is a ballad "Yang Yuqing, Good Sailor" to prepare for the Fang Guozhen Uprising. In the early years of Yuan Dynasty, Fang Guozhen went to sea on 1348, and moved to Zhejiang and Jiangsu. In the past 20 years, he divided his troops into three counties in eastern Zhejiang and threatened to block the maritime grain transportation, which played an important role in the armed struggle to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty. After surrendering to Zhu Yuanzhang, he was called a sea hero by Zhu. \x0d\ The leader of private business in Southeast China-Wang Zhi, the king of the Sea of tranquility \x0d\ Wang Zhi, a native of Shexian County, Huizhou, is resourceful without Ren Xia. As we all know, the Ming dynasty closed its doors to the outside world and imposed a sea ban. Wang Zhi has been engaged in overseas smuggling trade for a long time, and has opened up Shuangyu Port in Ningbo. He is both the leader of the maritime business group and the leader of the pirates. At that time, pirates in Jiangsu and Zhejiang were divided into groups and parties, and the situation was complicated. Wang Zhi, famous for its resourcefulness, has cracked down and destroyed many pirates with its powerful strength, and thousands of miles of sea areas and borders are under the control of Wang Zhi. Wang Zhi Jinghai made great contributions and wrote to the imperial court for opening up maritime trade many times, but it was rejected and was besieged by the government navy. Wang Zhi broke through and fled to Japan to rally. In the thirty-first year of Jiajing, that is, A.D. 1552, a huge armed fleet invaded the southeast coast, attacking the city and plundering the land. Jiangsu and Zhejiang wavered, and loyalists were invincible. Wang Zhi occupied Dinghai, calling himself "King of the Pure Sea" and later "King of the Emblem". \x0d\ When the military repression failed, the Ming court changed its tactics, took Wang Zhi's wife, children and mother hostage, sent personnel to Japan, tricked Wang Zhi into agreeing to lift the maritime ban, opened the trade market, and designed to frame Wang Zhi. After two years in prison, Wang Zhi was beheaded by the court in Guanxiang, Hangzhou, until he died. At that time, it was said that Wang Zhi was brave at sea with his prestige and there was no other crime, so he killed him for no reason. Xu Guangqi complained for him and said, "Wang Zhi never invaded the island himself, so he was recruited, measured his position and asked him to do his best to get rid of pirates." Obviously, killing Wang Zhi is not welcome. Before he died, Wang Zhi predicted: "If I die alone, I am afraid it will bring trouble to the people of Zhejiang." Wang Zhi was the representative of Huizhou merchants and southeast sea merchants in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, and also the most legendary figure in the East China Sea. \x0d\ Chen Zuyi, Pirate King \x0d\ Chen Zuyi, chaozhou people, Guangdong Province in the Ming Dynasty. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, his family fled to Nanyang to be a thief. After staying in Malacca for more than ten years, he established the largest pirate group in the world so far, with more than 10,000 members at its peak. There are nearly a hundred warships. Activities in Japan, Taiwan Province Province, South China Sea, Indian Ocean and other places. 10,000 More than one passing ship was robbed and more than 50 coastal towns were captured. Some countries in Nanyang even paid tribute to them. Ming Taizu offered a reward of 500,000 taels of silver for his capture. At that time, the annual revenue of the Ming government was only 65,438+065,438+0,000,000 Liang, so Chen Zuyi became the most wanted criminal with the highest reward in history. Later, he fled to Boring State in Sanfo Qi (present-day Indonesia) and became a general under King Mana Ali. After King \x0d\'s death, he rallied a group of pirates, became king on his own, and Chen Zuyi became king of Boling. In the fifth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He was falsely surrendered. Zheng He saw through his plot and launched a surprise attack, killing more than 5,000 pirates on the spot and taking Chen Zuyi alive. In the fifth year of Yongle (1407), Zheng He returned to China in September and took Chen Zuyi back to the imperial court. Judy ordered Chen Zuyi to be killed and beheaded in front of ambassadors. \x0d\ Zheng Zhilong \x0d\ Zheng Zhilong, the "sea king" in the late Ming Dynasty, was born in Shijing Township, Nan 'an County, Fujian Province, and was a famous pirate and maritime merchant in the late Ming Dynasty. After decades of hard work at sea, he performed a unique trilogy: he left his hometown in his early years and went to the world; Then he became a pirate and engaged in maritime business, and the business was stolen; In the end, the thief became an official, and the merchant was also an official. A man with triple identities and experiences as a businessman, a thief and an official like him is rare in the history of China. \x0d\ Zheng Zhilong is engaged in a wide range of commercial activities at sea, from sea to land, from home to abroad, and has contacts with Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch. In the overseas business competition, he is good at doing business, making rich profits and becoming a rich maritime merchant. When he was a pirate, he had thousands of ships and hundreds of thousands of people. After he entered the Ming Dynasty, he controlled thousands of all kinds of seagoing ships and collected 3000 large seagoing ships, making him the first king of ships in the history of the world. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng Zhilong led an armed fleet to cross the sea, attacked the closed-door Ming Dynasty, repeatedly defeated officers and soldiers, repelled Dutch colonists from invading Fujian coast several times, wiped out other pirate groups, unified the sea and sublimated the southeast sea; Later, he became an official and served as a general along the coast. "Sitting in the sea king, there are several counties to choose from", autocratic seaside, monopolizing overseas trade. \x0d\ Cai Qian, a Fujian pirate in the southeast sea \x0d\ Cai Qian, a native of Xipu Township, Tongan County, Fujian Province, came from a poor family and was forced to go to sea as a thief in the fifty-ninth year of Qing Qianlong (AD 1794). By Jiaqing, the headquarters had grown to more than 20,000 people and more than 200 seagoing ships. Cai Qian was at sea for fifteen years. He was an attacker in Taiwan Province Province and claimed to be the powerful king of Zhenhai. \x0d\ China female pirate Ching Shih \x0d\ In the golden age of piracy, the most famous China pirate was Ching Shih. Ching Shih was born in a brothel and was kidnapped by the pirate Zheng Yi in 180 1. After Zheng Yi's death, she became the most powerful female pirate captain at that time. At its peak, Ching Shih once controlled a pirate fleet with hundreds of ships. In 18 1 1, Ching Shih finally decided to accept the favor of the court. Ching Shih and others led more than 270 ships1.2000 guns,1.6000 troops surrendered to the imperial court and were awarded the title of commander-in-chief by the Qing government. Ching Shih finally chose Jiangqing, even at that time, it met with great resistance. Just as he was preparing to surrender, there were quite a number of pirates who opposed surrender, and there were not a few among them who called him a traitor. After Ching Shih surrendered, there were thousands of pirate followers stranded in Hongkong and Southeast Asia, who always refused to surrender to the imperial court. [2]\x0d\ History makes pirates of that period the greatest pirates in history. Although they have done evil deeds in the eyes of the world, we can also see their perseverance, courage and even warmth. These murderers who crossed the ocean hundreds of years ago left us not only their legends and wealth, but also another shining thing. \x0d\ After the pirates withdrew from the historical stage, the "era of great navigation" in history began to come to an end. Chamber of Commerce gradually replaced the original pirate group and began to play another important role in history. Emerging capitalist countries such as the Netherlands and Britain have become a new generation of maritime hegemons. In the east of the mainland, with Portugal knocking on Japan's door, Japan's foreign policy, especially its China policy, has also begun to change significantly. The appearance of Japanese pirates has involved China and Japan, two eastern countries, in the competition of maritime power. However, when capitalism began to prevail in the world, the "era of great navigation" was over.