Pipa, as a traditional plucked instrument in ancient China, has a long history and a long history of more than 2,000 years. In ancient China, pipa was first called a musical instrument in the Qin Dynasty. Pipa is mainly made of wood and bamboo. When players play, they always play the pipa vertically, with the left hand pressing the strings and the right hand playing. It is an important national musical instrument, with solo, accompaniment, ensemble and other forms. It has a wide range, beautiful timbre and strong appeal. As far as playing skills are concerned, it is the first of folk instruments and the most abundant instrument in folk music. In the Sui Dynasty, it was the most popular musical instrument. 1. The rulers of the Sui Dynasty ended the situation of the five lakes and sixteen countries. The good social environment promoted the further development of economy, politics and culture, and improved people's living standards, thus making the pipa appear in the life of all walks of life in the Sui Dynasty. 1. The turmoil in the Five Lakes and Sixteen Countries ended. The Five Lakes and Sixteen Countries were the chaotic period of the Great Northern Division in China's ancient history. "Five Lakes" refers to Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jiejie, Qiang and Huan. Mainly ethnic minorities in northern countries, "Sixteen Countries" refers to Cheng Han, Zhao Qian, Houzhao, Liang Qian, Beiliang, Xiliang, Hou Liang, Nanliang, Yan Qian, Houyan, Southern Yan, Beiyan, Xia, Qianqin, Xiqin and Houqin. The economic development in the northern region has been hit hard, which leads to the backward level of economic development and the people's life is in dire straits and miserable. Wuhu and the northern part of the sixteen countries are in a tragic situation where no one cares. The Qin Dynasty unified the northern region during the Sixteen Countries Period in Wuhu. Qin Ershi was destroyed because of the fiasco in the Battle of Feishui. After a brief reunification, the northern region entered a state of war and continued to split, leading to long-term war. In 386 AD, Tuoba GUI, a Xianbei nationality, established the Northern Wei Dynasty under the condition of disintegration, and unified North China with the efforts of the rulers of the Northern Wei Dynasty. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, nomadic peoples in various regions moved to the Yellow River valley one after another, gradually forming a situation of great integration of national cultures. In 589 AD, Yang Jiannian, Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty, captured the Chen Dynasty, unified the whole country, ended the chaos of warlords for more than 300 years, created a good social environment for the development of the Sui Dynasty, and realized the prosperity of the emperor's rule. (2) The economic development in the early Sui Dynasty laid an economic foundation for Pipa. Sui Dynasty is a special era in the ancient historical dynasties of China, which inherited the long-term war in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the prosperity and unity of the Tang Dynasty. At the beginning of Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, faced with the situation that everything was in a hurry, implemented the system of tenancy adjustment and land equalization in agricultural development, which met the needs of social production in Sui Dynasty at that time, gave farmers land for cultivation, promoted the development of small-scale peasant economy and increased the national financial source. Reforming the currency and establishing granaries have stabilized the market transaction order and price balance and promoted economic development. During the Sui Dynasty, the earliest "white porcelain" appeared in ancient China, and the development of porcelain also promoted the economic development at that time. During the Sui Dynasty, the commercial development was also very prosperous, and the economy was prosperous, and a commercial metropolis appeared. The rulers advocated frugality and reduced the expenditure of the state treasury, which created the brilliant achievement of "ruling the country by the emperor" and laid the economic foundation for the development of pipa. (3) The political structure of the Sui Dynasty was stable, and the pipa had a good social environment. After Emperor Wendi ascended the throne, he abolished the "six-department system" implemented in the previous dynasty, and implemented the six-department system in three provinces in the central government, with Shangshu Province as the highest administrative organ of the country. The system of three provinces and six departments has stabilized the relationship between the central and local governments to a certain extent, making the social order relatively stable. In the seventh year of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, the system of selecting officials by family was abolished and the imperial examination system was implemented, which made the society at that time rise with a scholarly atmosphere. During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, he attached great importance to the formulation of laws, which lasted for three years, and promulgated the Law of Opening the Emperor, retrial the unjust, false and wrong cases, abolish the severe punishment law, and clarify the specific punishment measures. The stability of the political structure made the Sui society look brand-new and provided a good social environment for the development of pipa. (D) The development of North and South music promoted the appearance of pipa. During the Sui Dynasty, there were obvious cultural differences between the north and the south, with different national characteristics. Therefore, the development of music in the Sui Dynasty was influenced by the nomadic music culture in the north and the old music culture in the south, which made the music in the Sui Dynasty deeply loved from the court to the folk. At that time, the court music was dominated by "Le Hu". At that time, the music master Wan Baochang, known as "the music of the western regions, is the music of four foreigners, which is not suitable for officials", well combined the music of the north and the south, and the introduction of the music of the western regions made the music of the Sui Dynasty go up a storey still higher. The good musical atmosphere made the later pipa become the "national music" of the Sui Dynasty. Secondly, the Sui Dynasty was promoted by the development of musical institutions in past dynasties, the integration of the northern and southern national music in the Sui Dynasty and the attention of the rulers. (A) the influence of the development of music institutions in the past dynasties The ancient music culture in China has a long history, extensive and profound, and music has influenced our lives since ancient times. The Western Zhou Dynasty had a written system of rites and music and the status of musicians. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Confucius still advocated the development of "six arts", including the culture of "music", even under the background of "ritual collapse and bad music". Under the background of unifying the six countries, the Qin Dynasty established Yuefu. In the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, promoted "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", which further developed Yuefu, which not only made folk music popular, but also appeared elegant music for court sacrifices. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, music institutions gradually diversified, and there were places for people to enjoy music, such as Taiyue Department, Xuandao Department and Shangqing Department, which made the development of music gradually systematic and institutionalized. All these have played a good reference role in the development of pipa in Sui Dynasty. (2) The close communication between the North and the South makes the music culture merge and prosper. Although the Sui Dynasty was a short dynasty in the ancient history of China, it had some unique developments in music. In 506 AD, Emperor Yang Di Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty spent a lot of money and manpower digging the Grand Canal, which made the economy of the Sui Dynasty prosperous. After the opening of the Grand Canal, the traffic between the north and the south is more convenient, which not only promotes the close economic exchanges between the north and the south, but also promotes the integration of music and culture between the north and the south. The nomadic and bold pipa music in the northern grassland and the lingering pipa music in the fish and rice water town in the south are integrated with each other. At that time, there were also musical instruments and the widespread spread of Pipa music, which made the development of Pipa music in Sui Dynasty not limited to the southern and northern regions, but gradually became the Pipa music culture in the southern and northern regions and ethnic minorities, which promoted the further development of Pipa music. Thirdly, the rulers of Sui Dynasty attached great importance to the development of pipa music, the evolution of Taichang Temple, the development of court dance and Qiuci music, which made pipa music more systematic and theoretical. During the period of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, Taichang Temple was the highest administrative organization in charge of ritual and music activities, with a wide range of management. Musicians have become "musicians", and Taichang Temple has eleven kinds of music departments. The music played at the banquet in the palace is mainly Taiyue Department, Shangqing Department and Xuandao Department, while the music played at the funeral is mainly Ancestral Hall Department and Dressing Department. During Yang Di's reign, he reformed the court music, reduced the number of music departments, and changed "musicians" into "musicians". According to historical records, although the reform of court music in Yang Di reduced the activities of court music, it trained a large number of professional musicians and made the development of pipa music more professional. (2) Seven tunes and nine tunes in the court dance promoted the development of pipa music. Most of the rulers and dignitaries in Sui Dynasty were music lovers, and enjoying music was a luxury at that time. Sui dynasty not only inherited the development of pipa music in the previous dynasty, but also further developed and improved pipa music. "Yanle" is the predecessor of seven songs and nine music dances in Sui Dynasty. There are some differences between seven songs and nine songs, but the playing methods are very similar. There are pipa, harp, harp and other 15 musical instruments when playing. The use of pipa instruments in music and dance had a great influence on the music of Sui Dynasty. Pipa's great appeal and explosive power, crisp and beautiful timbre, and eclectic way of playing make Sui music occupy a place in the development of music. (3) The development of Qiuci music promoted the development of Pipa music. As the most popular music in Sui Dynasty, Qiuci music also promoted the development of pipa music. Qiuci music is different from other folk pipa music, and it is the local music of the western regions without the integration of north and south music cultures. After the unique timbre was sinicized, Qiuci music became a tall court music in Sui Dynasty. The combination of unique timbre and pipa instruments made pipa music look brand-new and gradually became the first song in Sui Dynasty. Four. Pipa, as music that appeals to both refined and popular tastes in Sui Dynasty, not only enriched the life of nobles and people in Sui Dynasty, but also left a good historical value for the development of pipa in later generations, which made the development of pipa in Tang Dynasty reach its peak (1) The influence of pipa music on Sui Dynasty. In terms of music development, the Sui Dynasty continued to inherit and absorb the essence of the previous generation of music, and at the same time reformed and developed Pipa music, making the development of Pipa music in the Sui Dynasty more systematic and professional. The development of pipa music in Sui Dynasty triggered the trend of court music. There are court music, music and dance, and special music institutions and systems in the court, which are also welcomed by emperors and concubines, not only enriching their boring lives, but also bringing more entertainment activities to the lives of ordinary people. The development of pipa music in Sui Dynasty is of great artistic value to later music. (II) Development of Pipa Music to Later Music Although the Sui Dynasty was an important stage in the development of Pipa music, the period that really made the development of Pipa music reach its peak was the Tang Dynasty. ... she turned the tuning pin and tested several strings, and even before she played, we could feel her feelings. Every string is meditation, every note is meditation ... big strings hum like rain, and small strings whisper like secrets. Buzzing, whispering-then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade. " -Bai Juyi's Pipa Travel shows the far-reaching influence of Pipa music in the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Pipa Music established a special management organization "Liyuan" and a school "teaching workshop" to teach Pipa Music, which made the development of Pipa Music more systematic. During the Tang Dynasty, no matter the court music or folk music, there were pipa figures. At that time, the pipa music was played in various forms and in a colorful scale, which made the pipa music in the Tang Dynasty spread to Southeast Asia and other regions, and it still makes people sigh. References: Music History of China, Cultural History of Sui and Tang Dynasties, Yuefu Miscellanies.