Historical materialism is a science about the general law of human social development, an important part of Marxist philosophy, a scientific view of social history and a general methodology for understanding and transforming society, also known as "historical materialism".
Historical materialism: "The ultimate cause and great motivation of all important historical events is the economic development of society, the change of production mode and exchange mode, the division of social classes and the struggle between these classes."
Question 2: What does the historical materialism specifically include? First, the relationship between social existence and social consciousness: 1 Social existence determines social consciousness, and social consciousness is the reflection of social existence; The change and development of social existence determines the change and development of social consciousness.
2 Social consciousness is relatively independent, and the changes of social consciousness and social existence are not synchronous (backward or forward). Social consciousness has a negative effect on social existence, advanced social consciousness has a positive role in promoting social development, and backward social consciousness hinders social development.
Second, the relations of production must adapt to the law of productive forces:
1 Productivity determines the relations of production, and the status of productivity determines the nature of the relations of production; The change and development of productive forces will cause the change and development of production relations sooner or later.
2. The relations of production react on productivity. When the relations of production are suitable for the development of productive forces, they promote the development of productive forces. When the relations of production do not adapt to the development of productive forces, it hinders the development of productive forces.
Third, the superstructure must adapt to the laws of the economic base:
1 The economic base determines the superstructure, and the economic base determines the political, legal systems and facilities of the society, as well as various social concepts and social ideologies.
2. Superstructure has a negative impact on the economic base. When it is suitable for the economic base, it promotes the consolidation and improvement of the economic base; When it is not suitable for the economic base, it will hinder the development and transformation of the economic base. Superstructure serves the advanced economic foundation, which will promote the development of productive forces and social progress. When it serves the backward economic base, it will restrict the development of productive forces and hinder the progress of society.
Fourth, the general trend of social development:
1 The general trend of social and historical development is upward.
The process of development is tortuous.
Class struggle is the direct driving force to promote the development of class society; Reform is a powerful driving force for Socialism with Chinese characteristics's development.
V. People are the creators of history:
The masses of the people refer to all people who have played a role in promoting social history.
1 Man is the creator of social material wealth and the decisive force to promote social and historical development.
People are the creators of social spiritual wealth (source, material conditions and direct creation)
The masses of the people are the decisive force of social change and constantly promote the progress and development of social history.
Six, the real value of life lies in the contribution to society:
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The two aspects of life value, social value, are put in the first place, that is, the real value of life lies in the contribution to society.
Seven, the guiding role of values:
1 Values are people's general and fundamental views on the value of things.
2 Values have a great reaction to social existence, and play an important role in driving, restricting and guiding human behavior. Values play a guiding role in people's activities of understanding and transforming the world; Values play a guiding role in the choice of life path.
3 Different people have different values, and different values have different guiding functions. Correct values can promote, and wrong values can hinder.
Question 3: What does "people" mean in historical materialism? It is everyone's responsibility to create history.
"People (the masses) are the driving force to create world history" is the result of argument. You need to know the process of argument, and you will understand the ins and outs of the conclusion.
The specific process is: put forward the problem of historical motive force, some common assumptions (such as creationism and heroism) and theoretical loopholes of common assumptions, and draw the conclusion that "people (the masses) are the motive force to create world history".
It thundered here. I won't analyze it in detail.
Question 4: What does historical materialism mean? Historical materialism means that the ultimate cause and great motive force of all important historical events are the economic development of society, the changes in the mode of production and exchange, the division of social classes and the struggle between these classes.
Simply put,
Economy determines class,
Class determines the mode of production and distribution,
Changes in the mode of production and distribution have led to changes in history.