Do you know the origin and evolution of the myth of flying?
This video will talk about the so-called flying gods.
However, this god did not come from China at first, but from the distant Tianzhu.
At that time, Confucianism prevailed, while Brahman and Buddhism were not yet born.
There are two kinds of service gods among Brahmans, one is the goddess of the moon, and the other is Kinnara and Wu Shen. Both of them are people who play and dance for Indra and other gods. Their beautiful songs can make the gods touch ordinary hearts and make heaven dance for them.
They are called flying gods because they refuse to fly in the air.
Later, 35 years after Sakyamuni's Tathagata gave birth to Luo Jiawei,
Buddhism under the bodhi tree is in conflict with Brahmanism, and it is in the same fire and water.
One hundred years later, Ashoka and Tianzhu Mainland established the Peacock Dynasty. The king respected Buddhism and accepted the title of wheel saint king endowed by Buddhism.
Nigume's 84,000 pagodas were built for worship, and Buddhism flourished in the world. Therefore, Buddhists attacked Brahmins three times, Brahma, Indra and other Brahmin gods became the protectors of Buddhism, that is, the Eight Dragons, including the music gods Qian Dapo and Wu Shen Kinnara, were listed as the fourth and seventh sects of the Eight Dragons respectively, and Indra and other days were the first sects. It was the passage of time that changed things, and all the gods were reduced to serving the Buddhists.
At this time, the flying god entered the Buddhist era from the Brahman era, and his image changed from the miraculous strangeness of the former to the sacredness of the latter. In layman's terms, it is from half man and half beast to human form.
Whenever the Buddha preaches the Dharma, there are 500 Gandapa and 500 Kinnara under his seat, singing and dancing day and night.
Because Mrs. Gandalf is a god who does not eat wine and meat, but only seeks fragrance to nourish her, so her whole body will automatically emit fragrance. Therefore, it is also responsible for creating a dazzling and golden lotus for the Buddha, which is different from each other.
However, 500 years later, the situation has changed dramatically and the situation has taken a turn for the worse. Brahmins actually re-established religion for Hinduism.
Brahmins who collapsed and stood up were even worse. Buddhism was persecuted and suppressed, and there was almost no place to stand. Tianzhu Buddhism was difficult to do.
Buddhism spread eastward to the Eastern Sinian, that is, China from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Eastern Han Dynasty. Today's dream has reached this point, Buddhism was introduced to the Central Plains, and culture took off.
But China had something similar a long time ago, that is, for the Taoist culture of Fei Xian, the immortal proved the truth, ascended to heaven, flew for nothing, and was at ease.
The difference is that Brahmins and Buddhists, after all, are products of service, and they are born with a charm.
Daomen Feixian is a real person who breaks the world of mortals and vanity and becomes immortal. It has a sense of elegance, dust-free, loneliness, high definition and coldness.
In other words, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the three countries were returned to Jin, and the Jin Dynasty was congenitally deficient, and the foundation of the founding of the country was unstable, which led to five disorderly flowers and a crown crossing the south, so there was a corner of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and sixteen countries in the north.
A cursory look at the flowers, sixteen countries in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
At this time, despite the war, Shen Fei culture ushered in a period of rapid development.
People who have experienced the war are at ease, so they put aside the shackles of ethics and Confucianism, while Taoism and Buddhism are on the rise.
In turbulent times, people are in urgent need of a pure spiritual world, and the cycle of cause and effect is gradually rooted in people's hearts, and Buddhism is thriving in the world.
At that time, Buddhism was widely worshipped in the Northern Dynasties. In the second year of Jian Yuan, the former Qin Dynasty, the monks passed Dunhuang with joy and suddenly saw the golden light shining. For example, ten thousand buddhas offered ornaments, carved holes in Emperor Yan and built ten thousand buddhas caves.
Since then, monks and Dade have successively inherited this industry, built caves to practice meditation, and sometimes Fariang Zen Master named it Mogao Grottoes, built grottoes in the desert, and inhaled them on the top of the grottoes.
This kind of culture and art is perfectly reflected in Dunhuang murals. Its uniqueness lies in weakening the religious attributes of Brahmins, Buddhists and Daomen, and endowing them with a romantic atmosphere that only belongs to China people.
The gods in the flying murals do not have the auspicious brilliance of Buddhism and Brahman statues on their heads, nor do they have the gods and people of western religions. Although there are clouds under my feet, I am not flying in the clouds, but flying in the air by myself, which is elegant and sacred.
Just like Youlong, this style influenced many later works.
The development of Tian Fei culture reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty, but it soon declined.
The murals of the Mogao Grottoes in the late Tang Dynasty were influenced by the national movement, and their flying posture lost its lightness and heaviness in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, but it seemed a little heavy.
After the Five Dynasties, although the Song Dynasty was unified, it was inevitable that the land of Dunhuang would soon fall under the rule of Xixia.
The Xixia regime incorporated the Tangut folk custom into the creation of flying murals, and even for other purposes, a large part of the murals in the Tang Dynasty were covered by the Xixia people with thousand Buddha caves, including 220 caves, which were the place where the eastern pharmacists became popular in the Mongolian, Yuan, Wang and Song Dynasties after clearing the temple.
Unlike Han Buddhism, tantric Buddhism has no flying culture and is not interested in digging holes and painting.
The creation of poems and flying murals in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes ended here, and no one opened holes here anymore.
With the passage of time, the Ming dynasty closed Jiayuguan and supported Dunhuang to become a frontier fortress, while the Qing dynasty supported and hid it, so the Mogao Grottoes could never be seen again.
Later, in the late Qing Dynasty, corruption and incompetence led to the discovery and looting of Buddhist scriptures in Mogao Grottoes by western powers, and a large number of cultural relics were stolen. Fortunately.
Many murals were preserved because they were not easy to peel off. Until 1944, Dunhuang Academy of Art stripped off 220 caves of Xixia murals.