1842 On August 29th, Daoguang 22nd July 24th, representatives of the Qing court, elders, Ilib, Niu Jian and British representative Pu Dingcha signed the treaty of nanking, marking the end of the first Opium War. There are thirteen articles in the treaty, among which China is required to: (1) cede Hong Kong Island; (2) Compensation for British opium price, commercial debt and military expenses totaling 21100,000 silver dollars; (3) There are five trading ports, and Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo and Shanghai are open as trading ports, allowing British people to live and send consuls; (4) For the agreed tariffs, British businessmen should pay import and export goods tax and reimbursement fees, and China Customs has no right to decide independently; (5) Abolish the public banking system and allow British businessmen to trade freely in China. In addition, it also provides for equal exchanges between officials of both sides, the release of soldiers and civilians of the other side and the withdrawal of British troops.

On June 22nd, 23rd, Daoguang 1843,1October 8th 10, Jane Ying and Pu Dingcha successively signed the Charter of Sino-British Trade with Five Ports and the Humen Treaty. As the supplement and detailed rules of the treaty of nanking, the system of agreed tariffs and concessions was implemented, which enabled Britain to obtain consular jurisdiction.

1895, in the 21st year of Guangxu in Qing dynasty, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao assembled 603 juren to write a letter to Aisin-Gioro Zaitian, Emperor Guangxu, opposing the Qing government defeated by Japan in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 to sign the "treaty of shimonoseki" event. The Letter on the Bus is regarded as a sign that the reformists stepped onto the historical stage, and also as the beginning of the mass political movement in China. (20 14 Jingzhou) "If the emperor decides to reform, please name three first. A large group of ministers gathered in the Temple of Heaven or the Imperial Palace to clear the door. The country has been decided and the oath has been made. In addition to the old cloth and the new, the people will rise again. " The material comes from Kang Youwei's book.

June 1898, 1 1, the Reform Movement of 1898 was implemented. Its main contents include: reforming government institutions, abolishing redundant staff and appointing reformers; Encourage private enterprises to set up industrial and mining enterprises; Open new schools to attract talents, translate western books and spread new ideas; Establish newspapers and open their opinions; At the same time, it is stipulated that the imperial examination should abolish stereotyped writing, redundant yamen and useless official positions. However, because the reform harmed the interests of the old school headed by Empress Dowager Cixi, it was strongly resisted and opposed. (20 19 Jingzhou)1In June, 898, Emperor Guangxu said in the imperial edict: "The provinces of Shi Jing University Hall (now Peking University) advocate that it should be held first." The historical event related to the establishment of Shi Jing University Hall was the Reform Movement of 1898.

2 1898, 2 1 September, Empress Dowager Cixi and others launched a coup of the Reform Movement of 1898, Emperor Guangxu was imprisoned, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao fled to France and Japan respectively, and Tan Sitong and other six gentlemen of the Reform Movement were killed, which lasted 103 days and failed. (20 19 Yichang) "If you want to kill a thief, there is nothing you can do. A fair death honors a lifetime. Come on, express! The six gentlemen represented by Tan Sitong were arrested and killed because they participated in the Reform Movement of 1898.

19 15, Chen Duxiu published an article in New Youth (formerly known as Youth Magazine), advocating democracy and science. This movement dealt a heavy blow to the traditional ethics that ruled China for more than two thousand years, stimulated people's democratic consciousness, promoted the development of modern science in China, and laid an ideological foundation for the spread of Marxism in China and the outbreak of the May 4th patriotic movement. (20 17 Jingzhou) Chen Duxiu said: "Advocating Confucius is bound to establish a monarch, and advocating constitutionalism is bound to be restored." "Confucianism and the Republic ... must abandon one." Therefore, Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and others launched the New Culture Movement.

1927, 1 In August, the Communist Party of China (CPC) joined forces with the left wing of the Kuomintang and fired the first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries, which opened the curtain for China to lead the armed struggle independently and create a revolutionary army. (20 16 Yichang) 1927 1 In August, China * * * launched an uprising to resist the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang and explore a new revolutionary road in China, which was the Nanchang Uprising.

1927 10, Mao Zedong led the revolutionary army of workers and peasants in the autumn harvest uprising along the Hunan-Jiangxi border to the Jinggangshan area in the middle of the Luo Xiao mountains, launched guerrilla warfare, carried out agrarian revolution, restored and established * * *, and established the revolutionary regime and the Red Guard. At the same time, through unity, education and reform. By the end of February of 1928, Jinggangshan revolutionary base areas including Ninggang county, northwest Suichuan, Yongxin, Lingxian and Chaling county had been initially established. (20 12 Wuhan) The countryside is the cradle of China revolution, the position to destroy the feudal land system and the pioneer of economic system reform. The establishment of Jinggangshan revolutionary base area has opened up a unique revolutionary road of encircling cities from rural areas.

1936 12 12, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng launched a "military remonstrance" in Xi 'an in order to persuade Chiang Kai-shek to change the established national policy of "fighting abroad, stopping the civil war and unanimously resisting Japan". 1936, 1936 On February 25th, under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Zhou Enlai, Chiang Kai-shek accepted the idea of "stopping the civil war and uniting the Communist Party to resist Japan" and settled it peacefully. 19361February 12, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng launched a "military remonstrance" to detain Chiang Kai-shek. This is the Xi incident that shocked China and foreign countries. After the incident, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China determined the basic policy of peaceful settlement of the Xi incident, on the grounds that China * * * resisted Japan in order to unite with the Kuomintang.

1On the night of July 7th, 937, when the Japanese army was exercising near Lugou Bridge in the southwest of Beiping, they asked to enter Wanping County for a search on the pretext that a soldier was "missing", but 29 army, the defender of China, refused. The Japanese army then shot at the defenders of China and shelled the ancient city of Wanping. The 29th Army rose up against Japan. This is the July 7th Incident that shocked China and foreign countries, also known as the Lugouqiao Incident. The July 7th Incident was the beginning of Japanese imperialism's full-scale war of aggression against China and the starting point of the Chinese nation's full-scale war of resistance. (20 13 Yichang) The symbol of the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in China was the July 7th Incident. (20 19 Yichang) Lugou Bridge was once praised as "the best and most unique bridge in the world" by Italian traveler Kyle Poirot. 1937, China's national War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression started here, and the relevant historical event was the July 7th Incident.

1September 1948 12, and in the same year 1 1.2 ended, and the Liaoshen campaign lasted 52 days. After the battle, the China People's Liberation Army surpassed the Kuomintang army for the first time. (20 14 Yichang) During the Liberation War, the battle that kicked off the strategic decisive battle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was the Liaoshen Campaign.

197 1 10 In June, the 26th UN General Assembly passed a resolution to restore all the legitimate rights of People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC) in the UN and immediately expel the representatives of the Kuomintang clique from the UN and all its affiliated institutions. (20 1 1 Jingzhou)19711,and the cover title of Time magazine in the United States is: "Chinese come (Chinese translation)". The "Chinese coming" here means that China has resumed its legal seat in the United Nations. (20 13, Wuhan) The growth of China's diplomacy has continuously promoted the deeper interaction between China and the world. The independent foreign policy of peace established after the founding of New China has been widely recognized by the international community. 197 1 China's great diplomatic achievements are conducive to China's greater role in international affairs. This major achievement is the restoration of China's legitimate seat in the United Nations.

1972 In February, Nixon visited People's Republic of China (PRC) for the first time, and he became the first American president to visit People's Republic of China (PRC). During his visit to China, the Chinese and American governments issued the famous Shanghai Communique. Nixon made an important contribution to opening the door to Sino-US relations and improving and developing Sino-US relations. (20 17 Jingzhou) US President Nixon visited China on February 1972. Nixon described his seven-day visit to China as "a week that changed the world". Nixon's visit to China and the publication of the Sino-US joint communique marked the beginning of the normalization of Sino-US relations.