Many traditional organic reactions use acid and alkali liquid catalysts. For example, liquid acids such as hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid and aluminum trichloride are commonly used as catalysts for hydrocarbon alkylation. These liquid acid catalysts all have the same disadvantages: serious corrosion to equipment, harmful to people, and environmental pollution by waste residue. In order to protect the environment, for many years, people started with new catalytic materials such as molecular sieve, heteropoly acid and superacid, and vigorously developed solid acid as alkyl catalyst. Among them, the liquid phase alkylation technology of ethylbenzene with new molecular sieve catalyst is mature. The catalyst has high selectivity, ethylbenzene yield over 99.6% and long service life.

2 Green chemical reaction

In order to save resources and reduce pollution, synthesis efficiency has become the focus of synthesis methodology research. Synthesis efficiency includes two aspects, one is selectivity (chemical, regional, diastereomer and enantioselectivity), and the other is atomic economy, that is, what percentage of atoms in raw material molecules are converted into products. The ideal atomic economy reaction is that 100% of atoms in raw material molecules are converted into products, and no by-products or wastes are produced, thus achieving "zero emission" of wastes. Therefore, when designing synthetic routes, chemists should reduce "transit", increase "direct speed" and "express speed", make more economical and reasonable use of every atom in raw material molecules, reduce the formation of intermediate products, and use less or no protective groups or leaving groups to avoid the generation of by-products or wastes. There are many effective means to realize atomic economic reaction, so I won't go into details here.

3 the application of biotechnology

Biological science is the frontier of contemporary science. Biotechnology is an important part of the world's new technological revolution, and biochemical industry is one of the industries with the greatest development potential in 2 1 century, which will become an important industrial system to create great social wealth. Biotechnology has been widely used in energy, petroleum production, mining, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, protein, polymers, surfactants, catalysts, basic organic chemical raw materials and the manufacture of fine chemicals. From the perspective of developing green chemistry, its greatest feature and charm lies in energy saving, easy to realize pollution-free production, and can realize chemical processes that are difficult to realize with general chemical technology, and its products often have special properties. Therefore, the research and application of biotechnology are favored.