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After the defeat of the Opium War, on August 29th, 1842, the Qing government ordered Ying Ying and Ibrahimovic, the surrenders, to sign the treaty of nanking with Pu Dingcha, the British plenipotentiary. The third paragraph of the treaty stipulates: "From now on, the Great Emperor (Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty) allowed the British people and their families to live in five ports along the coast of the Qing Dynasty, namely Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo and Shanghai, without any obstacles to trade." Then, on the pretext of "cleaning up the mess", Britain signed the Humen Treaty with the Qing government on 1843 10. Article 9 of the treaty stipulates: "The 10,000-year Peace Treaty (treaty of nanking) stipulates that British people are allowed to bring their families to Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo and Shanghai ... However, local officials in China and British butlers must reach an agreement on where local people want to live and what houses and bases they want to use." In the same year, on October 8th, L65438/kloc-0, Buffel, the first British consul in Shanghai, took office. According to the Humen Treaty, he asked Shanghai Taoist Mujiu to set aside a piece of land as a "residence" for the exclusive use of British expatriates. Gong Mujiu thought that separation between China and foreign countries could avoid "disputes" and acquiesced in Baffour's request. Accordingly, Baffour issued an announcement on June 14 1 1, announcing that Shanghai officially opened on June 17, 1843.
More than a hundred years after Shanghai was forced to open a port, imperialist powers invaded Shanghai one after another and competed to set up concessions in Shanghai. First, Britain established the concession in Shanghai in 1845, and then the United States and France established the concession in Shanghai in L848- 1849 respectively. Later, the British and American concessions were collectively referred to as "public concessions". For more than a century, Shanghai has become an adventurer's paradise for foreign invaders.
1853, Shanghai "Knife Club" responded to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolution, held an armed uprising, opposed imperialism and the feudal dynasty of the Qing government, occupied Shanghai City, and persisted in the struggle 18 months.
19l9During the May 4th Movement, workers, students and people from all walks of life in Shanghai held a city-wide strike, which fully demonstrated the patriotic spirit of the people of Shanghai against imperialism and feudalism.
1921July 23rd, the first national congress of China * * * production party was held at Wang Zhi Road 106 (now No.76 Xingye Road). Present at the meeting were representatives Bao Hui appointed by He Shuheng, Dong, Chen Tanqiu, Li Da, Li, Zhang, Chen Gongbo, Zhou Fohai and Chen Duxiu. 53 party member representing China. On the evening of July 30th, Wang Zhi Road 106 was searched by the patrol house of the French Concession. 3 1, the conference moved to Nanhu cruise ship in Jiaxing, Zhejiang to continue.
The May 30th tragedy happened. 1925 On May 30th, more than ten thousand workers and students in Shanghai protested against the illegal arrest of workers and students by the Nanjing Road Concession authorities. The British police patrol shot and killed 10 people and injured countless others, which was the "May 30th tragedy".
Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions was established. The time is 1925 May 3 1.
Three armed worker uprisings. 192610/on October 24th, under the leadership of China * * * Production Party, Shanghai workers held their first armed uprising in Zhabei, Heather and Huxi at the same time, but failed due to insufficient preparation. On February 22nd, 1927, 360,000 workers in Shanghai went on strike. At 6 o'clock in the afternoon, the general strike evolved into the second armed uprising of Shanghai workers. Because it was too late to launch the uprising, it failed again. On March 2 1 day, Shanghai workers held the third armed uprising. The battles were divided into Zhabei, Heather, Hongkou, Pudong, Wusong, Hudong and Huxi. After fierce fighting, the uprising won, and the temporary municipal government of Shanghai Special City composed of Luo Yinong and Wang Shouhua was established, and people were immediately sent to Xinlonghua Station to welcome the Northern Expeditionary Army to Shanghai.
Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup on April 12th. 1927 April 12, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Huang,,, and others to hire hooligans, posing as workers to attack the workers' picket station, and launched a counter-revolutionary coup on April 12. Zhou Fengqi of the 26th Army forcibly disarmed the workers' picket under the pretext of "worker infighting", killing and injuring more than 300 workers. The next day,100,000 workers petitioned for the release of the arrested workers and the return of weapons. They were suppressed by the army near Sandri on Baoshan Road in Zhabei, killing and injuring hundreds of people. Immediately, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the closure of the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions and wantonly killed workers and party member.
The peasants staged an armed riot. From 1927 to 1930, under the leadership of China * * * Production Party, farmers in Shanghai suburbs held Xisha (Chongming County,1927 from August to 1 1) and Fengjing (1) successively. 1929 10), Xinjie (Jinshan County1February 929) and Nicheng (Nanhui County1August 930).
One? War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out in Shanghai on February 28th. 1932 65438+1October 2 1 day, Japanese consul general in Shanghai, Murai, issued an ultimatum to Wu Tiecheng, the mayor of Shanghai, on the grounds that Japanese monks went to Sanyou Industrial Company to make trouble and were beaten. The deadline for giving the Chinese side was 6 pm on the 28th. 65438+1At 0: 45pm on October 28th, Wu Tiecheng replied to the Japanese Consul General and accepted all four requests. At 4 pm, the Japanese Consul General informed the consular mission in Shanghai that he was satisfied with the mayor's reply. At night 1 1: 30, the Japanese invaders suddenly attacked Zhabei, and the 19th Route Army rose to fight back. Jiang Guangnai and Cai Tingkai walked to Zhenru Station on a starry night and set up temporary headquarters to direct operations. One? War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out in Shanghai on February 28th. In February, the Sino-Japanese War was fierce. * * * published in a? The resolution of the 28 th Incident called for an armed uprising of workers, peasants and soldiers and a national war. /kloc-in March, 2000, more than 90,000 people from the Japanese army, navy and air force invaded Shanghai. On that day, we launched a general attack on Zhabei, Jiangwan, Miaohang and Wusong. China's defenders are less than 50,000 in Shanghai, fighting alone. At 2 1, the 19th Route Army Command ordered the whole army to retreat to the second line of defense of Huang Du-Tai Fang and Jiading-Taicang. On March 20th, according to the preliminary investigation of the Central Bureau of Statistics of the National Government: 1? On February 28th, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression lost more than 65.438+0.5 billion yuan, 6.5438+0.8 million residents were damaged and 6.5438+0.8 million people were missing.
The commander-in-chief of the Japanese invaders was killed by the bombing. 1On April 29th, 932, the Japanese invaders held a celebration and military parade in Hongkou Park. Yin, an anti-Japanese patriot of North Korea, threw a Grenade at the rostrum. General Masaaki Shirakawa, commander-in-chief of the Japanese invaders, was seriously injured and died, and many others were injured.
An all-out war of resistance broke out. 1On August 9th, 937, two Japanese soldiers drove into Hongqiao China military airport to provoke and were killed on the spot. At 9: 00 am on August 13 and 15, Japanese warships invading Shanghai bombarded Zhabei with heavy artillery, and a small group of Japanese marines opened fire on the security guards stationed near Xibaoxing Road, and the defenders of China fought back. On August 13th, the Sino-Japanese War in Shanghai began, and a full-scale war of resistance broke out. On August 20th, the China government established the base camp headed by Chiang Kai-shek, and designated the south of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu (including Beijing and Shanghai) and Zhejiang as the third war zone. Corps defense zones are divided into: north of Suzhou River and west of Huangpu River, belonging to the Ninth Army, with Zhang Zhizhong as commander-in-chief; South of Suzhou Creek, Pudong and the left bank of Hangzhou Bay belong to the Eighth Army, with Zhang Fakui as the commander in chief. On September 12, the national government forces abandoned the first line of defense. On September 2 1 day, the defense of Shanghai theater was adjusted, which was divided into three combat troops: right-wing, central and left-wing: Zhang Fakui, commander-in-chief of the right-wing army, was in charge of the eighth and tenth armies; Zhu Shaoliang, commander-in-chief of the Central Army, governs the Ninth Army and the Eighteenth Division; Chen Cheng, commander-in-chief of the left army, commanded the 15th and 19th armies. 10 year 10 On October 27th, the army of the National Government abandoned all positions east of Nanxiang and on the north bank of Suzhou Creek. 165438+1On October 5th, the Japanese invaders landed near jinshanwei on the north bank of Hangzhou Bay, and the defenders of the National Government were in a dilemma. On June 8th, 165438+, the Third Theater Command issued a transfer order to the troops in Shanghai Theater. 165438+1October 12, Shanghai fell.
Eight hundred heroes sticks to the four-line warehouse. 1937, 10 year1October 27th, the 524th Regiment of the 262nd Brigade of the 88th Division of the National Government Army, together with Xie Jinyuan, who was ordered to lead the 1st Battalion of the Regiment (actually there were 452 people, so-called eight hundred heroes), stuck to the warehouse of Zhabei Fourth Line and covered the main force's retreat. After four days and nights of fierce fighting with the enemy, the task was completed, and the remaining 398 people were ordered to retreat into the concession. 1941On April 24th, Xie Jinyuan was stabbed to death in the solitary army barracks, and more than 100,000 people went to pay their respects.
Shanghai was liberated. On May 1949 and 12, the China People's Liberation Army began to attack the periphery of Shanghai. On May 23rd, the 9th and 10th Corps began their general attack on Shanghai. Two days later, the PLA occupied all areas south of Suzhou River. There is a red flag on the roof of Yongan Company Building, welcoming the PLA into Nanjing Road. On the sixth floor of Jianghaiguan, a giant slogan "Welcome the People's Liberation Army to liberate Shanghai", which is more than 30 meters long, is sewn by the underground organization of China. On May 27th, Shanghai, the largest industrial and commercial city and financial and trade center in China, was completely liberated. On the same day, the China People's Liberation Army Shanghai Military Control Committee was formally established.