The Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589) are the general names of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The Northern and Southern Dynasties were a period of great division in the history of China, and also a period of great national integration in the history of China. It is the link between the sixteen countries in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty, which began with the establishment of the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Eastern Jin Dynasty in 420 AD and ended in 589 AD. ..

The Southern Dynasties (420-589) included Liu Song, Nanqi, Nanliang and Chen Nan. The Northern Dynasties (386-58 1) included the Northern Wei, the Eastern Wei, the Western Wei, the Northern Qi and the Northern Dynasties. Although the north and south have their own dynasties, they have maintained a confrontational situation for a long time, so they are called the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

In the early Northern and Southern Dynasties, it was still gentry politics. Social strata are divided into gentry, editors, dependent households and handmaiden, and their foreign exchanges are also very prosperous, reaching Japan and the Korean Peninsula in the east, the western regions, Central Asia and West Asia in the west, and Southeast Asia and South Asia in the south.

At this time, there is also a trend of great ethnic integration, such as the reform of Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty, which further accelerated the pace of feudalization (sinicization) of ethnic minorities.

Extended data:

The Northern and Southern Dynasties were a divided dynasty in China, which was divided into the Southern Dynasty and the Northern Dynasty. The Southern Dynasties were followed by Liu Song, Xiao Qi, Xiao Liang and Chen Nan. The Northern Dynasties were Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou. Born in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Li Tang's imperial clan compiled the Book of Jin, which was orthodox in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Does Sima Guang's Zi Tong Zhi Jian regard the Southern Dynasties as orthodox? .

As a continuation of the Han regime and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the royal family in the Southern Dynasties was dominated by gentry or sub-gentry, because after the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, most military posts were held by gentry or sub-gentry? .

Thanks to the efforts of the rulers, the rule of Yuanjia and the rule of Yongming emerged, and the national strength was rich and strong. The emperor was supported by the prestigious mainstream aristocrats. However, the gentry only wanted to maintain their political status and did not fully support the royal family. The emperor also supported the poor to hold military posts or secondary official positions to balance political power. Due to the struggle for the throne within the royal family, imperial clan bloody cases often occur.

The Northern Dynasty inherited five Hu and sixteen countries, and it was a dynasty where Hu and Han lived together. Most of the royal families in the Northern Wei Dynasty were Xianbei people. The Xianbei royal family was gradually influenced by China culture, among which the Sinicization Movement of Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty was the most prosperous. Because the North controlled the Northern Wei Dynasty with softness, it was difficult for the Northern Wei Dynasty to attack the Southern Dynasty with all its strength, and it was not until the Turks who were more pro-Northern Wei replaced softness that it became more stable. In the late Northern Wei Dynasty, politics gradually deteriorated, and the national strength declined greatly after the Six Towns Uprising.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Southern and Northern Dynasties (China Historical Period)