1. Disaster factors:1In the summer of 1942, Hebei, Shandong and Henan provinces suffered from persistent drought, crop failure and sharp drop in grain output.
2. Economic factors: Due to the closed environment behind the enemy lines and backward economy, the economic development in the base areas has been restricted, and the problems such as food supply shortage and soaring prices have become increasingly serious.
3. War factors: In the large-scale "sweeping" and "communist suppression" actions of the Japanese army, farmland, villages and granaries in the base areas were damaged and destroyed, and a large amount of grain was looted, plundered and destroyed.
4. Management factors: poor management of grain reserves in the base areas, insufficient reserves, and backlog of unsalable grain, resulting in uneven distribution of grain and serious problems in people's lives in some areas.