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Among many historical dynasties in China, there are only 1 1 unified dynasties:

1, Qin dynasty

The Qin Dynasty (22 BC1-207 BC) was the first unified dynasty in the history of China, which was developed by the State of Qin during the Warring States Period. Fei Da, the ancestor of the Qin people, is a descendant of Zhuan Xu, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and was given the surname of Won.

When he was in Qin Mugong, he was a wise man, coachable was modest, destroyed twelve countries, traveled thousands of miles, and became increasingly powerful. 36 1 year ago, Qin Xiaogong succeeded to the throne and reused Shang Yang's two political reforms, which made Qin's economy develop and the combat effectiveness of the army continuously strengthened, and developed into the most prosperous vassal state at the end of the Warring States Period.

Qin destroyed Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi successively, and completed the great cause of reunification. 22 1 years ago, the king of Qin proclaimed himself emperor, which was called "Qin Shihuang" in history.

The Qin Dynasty ended the 500-year-old warlord regime since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and became the first centralized country with multi-ethnic integration in the history of China. ?

This has had a profound impact on the history of China. Before 2 10, Qin Shihuang died in a sand dune (now northwest of Guangzong County, Hebei Province) during his cruise. His son Hu Hai acceded to the throne as Qin Ershi. Although the Qin dynasty had a great influence in history, it abused the people's power and was unified for only ten years.

In the first 209 years, Chen Sheng and Guangwu cut firewood for the soldiers, rose up and the world responded. Liu Bang and Xiang Yu rose up against Qin. Before 207, Qin died.

2. Western Han Dynasty

Western Han Dynasty (202 BC-65438+February in 8 AD? ) is a unified dynasty in the history of China after the Qin Dynasty, with twelve emperors who enjoyed the country for 2 10 years, also known as the former Han Dynasty.

At the end of Qin dynasty, the world rose. After the battle between Chu and Han, Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu. In 202 BC, Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Han, and moved the capital to Chang 'an (now Shaanxi 'an).

The Western Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system in many systems. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the national policy of less taxes and relaxation was implemented, the social economy recovered rapidly, and agriculture, handicrafts and commerce flourished unprecedentedly, which was called the rule of Wenjing in history.

After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he implemented the system of promotion, China-Korea, secretariat of history and salt and iron official camp. Strengthen centralization, and admire the Confucian thought of unification.

Externally, it has opened up a vast territory with Korea in the east, Vietnam in the south, Qingling in the west and Yinshan in the north, laying the basic scope of the Han Dynasty. He also sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, which opened up the Silk Road to communicate with Eurasia, expanded foreign exchanges and created a prosperous Hanwu.

After Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, Huo Guang assisted in the administration of state affairs, followed the ethnic policy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in his later years, and restored the national strength of the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty proclaimed the Emperor, the Western Regions were formally incorporated into the territory by surrendering the Xiongnu and setting up the Western Regions' capital protection government, and the bureaucracy was reorganized internally, thus creating the rule of filial piety with strong national strength.

In 36 BC, Chen Tang killed Zhi Zhi Khan, marking the end of the Sino-Hungarian War in the Western Han Dynasty. In 8 AD, at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang abolished the emperor and made Chang 'an his capital, which was called the New Dynasty in history and the Western Han Dynasty perished.

3. Eastern Han Dynasty

The Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220) is another unified dynasty in China history after the Western Han Dynasty. Up to the eighth generation, there were fourteen emperors who enjoyed the country 195, and were called the Han Dynasty together with the Western Han Dynasty.

At the end of the New Dynasty, the Red Eyebrow Uprising in Greenwood broke out, and Liu Xiu, the imperial clan of the Han Dynasty, took advantage of the situation. In AD 25, Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor, made Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province) his capital, established the Eastern Han Dynasty, and initiated the revival of Emperor Guangwu. .

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the power of Sangong was greatly weakened, and the power of Shangshutai was promoted. During the reign of Emperor Hanming and Zhang Han, the Eastern Han Dynasty entered its heyday, which is known as the reign of Zhang Ming.

In the later period of Zhang Han, consorts became more and more overbearing. After Han and Emperor ascended the throne, the consorts were eliminated, and the national strength of the Eastern Han Dynasty reached its peak, which was known as Yuan Long through the ages.

In the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty, the Empress Dowager said that the consorts were in charge of affairs, and the young monarch who succeeded in childhood was able to take charge of affairs with the help of eunuchs. History is called the battle between officials, the increasingly corrupt political affairs, and the powerful forces wantonly annexed land.

During the period of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty, the peasants could not bear multiple cruel oppression, and the court ordered all states and counties to recruit soldiers by themselves, which basically put down the rebellion, but led to the self-respect of local strongmen.

In the first year of Chuping (190), Dong Zhuo's rebellion broke out again. From then on, the imperial court was sidelined, which opened the prelude to the warlord melee in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. After Dong Zhuo was killed, in the first year of Jian 'an (196), Cao Cao moved to Xuchang to welcome Emperor Han Xian. In 220 AD, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty, and the Eastern Han Dynasty was destroyed, entering the period of the Three Kingdoms regime.

4. Western Jin Dynasty

The Western Jin Dynasty (AD 266-AD 3 16) is one of the unified dynasties in the history of China after the Three Kingdoms period, and it is also called the Jin Dynasty with the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Pass it on to the four emperors, and the country will be fifty-one years. If you start by destroying Wu Dong, you will only stand for 37 years. In order to distinguish it from the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the history is called the Western Jin Dynasty, and the two Jin Dynasties are also called Sima Jin. ?

At the end of the Three Kingdoms, Qiu, a general of Cao Wei, Sima Yi, a teacher, and Sima Shi, the second son, were all powerful ministers. In 265 AD, it replaced the Cao Wei regime and established a new regime, the national title Jin. Its capital is Luoyang.

After the Western Jin Dynasty replaced the Wei Dynasty, the battle of Xiling occurred, and Sun Wu was destroyed in 280 AD, ending the division and reunification of the three countries.

However, after the destruction of Wu, the whole country in the Western Jin Dynasty was immersed in an atmosphere of extravagance and corruption. Emperor Wu of Jin was born in a clan, and his family has long developed into a huge powerful group. Therefore, since the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, the political style has been very dark and bribery has become the norm.

After the Eight Kings Rebellion, the western Jin Dynasty was badly weakened, and the nationalities who moved in took the opportunity to dispatch troops, resulting in the situation of five chaos, and a large number of people and clans began to cross south.

The Western Jin Dynasty was a short-lived unity during the long-term division of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, which was called "a flash in the pan". In 3 17 AD, Si Marui proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang and rebuilt Wu, which was called the Eastern Jin Dynasty in history.

5. Sui Dynasty

The Sui Dynasty (581-618 or 6 19) was a unified dynasty in the history of China. ?

In February of 58 1 year, Emperor Jingdi of the Northern Zhou Dynasty abdicated to Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty perished. Yang established the title of "Sui" and made its capital Daxing (now Shaanxi An).

In 589 AD, the Chen Dynasty perished in the south, and China was unified, ending nearly 300 years of division since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty. In 605 AD, after Yang Di ascended the throne, Yuwen Kai was ordered to build Tokyo and moved the capital to Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan) in the same year.

During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, the people's livelihood was rich, the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and the politics was clear, which created a prosperous situation of ruling the emperor. During the reign of Yang Di in Sui Dynasty, the Grand Canal was built, but the excessive consumption of national strength led to the rebellion of the people and nobles at the end of Sui Dynasty.

In 6 18, Yu Wenhuaji and others launched a mutiny and killed the emperor Yang Di. Emperor Yangdi You Yang abdicated and established the Tang Dynasty. In 6 19, Yang Dong, the king's emperor, was also abolished, and the Sui Dynasty perished, which lasted for 38 years.

6. Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty (6 18-907) was a unified Central Plains dynasty after the Sui Dynasty, with a total of 2 1 emperor, enjoying the dynasty for 289 years.

At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the world was in harmony. In 6 17, Tang Guogong Li Yuan set out for Jinyang and proclaimed himself emperor in Chang 'an the following year. Emperor Taizong advocated the rule of chastity after he ascended the throne. Tang Gaozong inherited the legacy of Zhenguan and initiated the rule of Yonghui. In 690, Wu Zetian took the Zhou Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty as the capital and Luoyang as the historical name.

In 705, after the Dragon Revolution, Tang Zhongzong restored the title of the Tang Dynasty. After Tang Xuanzong ascended the throne, he made great efforts to govern and created a prosperous new century in which all ethnic groups came to Korea.

At the end of Tianbao, the national population reached about 80 million. After the Anshi Rebellion, the vassal regime became independent, and the eunuchs were authoritarian, which led to the gradual decline of national strength; In the middle and late period, the trend of developing Jingyuan, Huichang and Dazhong was gradually strengthened.

In 878, the Huang Chao Uprising broke out, destroying the ruling foundation of the Tang Dynasty. In 907, Zhu Wen usurped the throne, the Tang Dynasty perished, and China entered the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

7. Wu Zhou

The Zhou Dynasty (690-705) was founded by Wu Zetian, who named it Wu Zhou in order to distinguish it from the Zhou Dynasty in the pre-Qin period. Wu Zetian is the only female emperor in the history of China, who has been in power for 23 years.

If from the reign of Empress Wu Zetian in the fifth year of Qing Dynasty (660) to the restoration of Empress Wu in the first year of Shenlong (705), Empress Wu Zetian reigned for 45 years. China is the only female emperor in history. ?

In the first year of Hongdao (683), Tang Gaozong died, and Prince Li Xian acceded to the throne for Tang Zhongzong. "It depends on how you address marquis Wu as the empress dowager." .

In September, 684, the Empress Dowager abolished Zhongzong as the king of Luling, and made Li Dan, the younger brother of Zhongzong, the emperor, and changed the year of Shengyuan to the first year of Guangzhai, and the east was the capital of gods, which was reformed by the Empress Dowager.

On September 9th, the first year of Zaichu (A.D. 690), more than 60,000 people, including Tang Ruizong, wrote to change the name of the country. When Wu Zetian saw that the time had come, she changed the Tang Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty, made Luoyang its capital, and added her own honorific title of Emperor of the Holy Spirit.

In the first year of Shenlong (AD 705), Zhang Jianzhi and others staged a palace coup, forcing Wu Zetian to abdicate. The restoration of Zhongzong restored the old system of the Tang Dynasty.

8. Northern Song Dynasty

The Northern Song Dynasty (960- 1 127) is a dynasty after the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms in the history of China, and nine emperors enjoyed 167. Together with the Southern Song Dynasty, it is also called Song. Because the royal family is surnamed Zhao, it is also called Zhao.

In the seventh year of Xiande (960), the generals of the later Zhou Dynasty launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao, made Zhao Kuangyin emperor, established the Song Dynasty, made Kaifeng Prefecture in Tokyo its capital, and changed it to Stegosaurus. Later, the military power was released through a glass of wine, and the general power and financial power were concentrated in the central government, avoiding the chaotic situation of the separatist regime in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. ?

But it also led to the defeat of the Song Dynasty in the war with Liao, Xixia and Jin. In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), the disaster of Jingkang occurred, and the following year was destroyed by the state of Jin.

9. Yuan Dynasty

The Yuan Dynasty established by Mongols (127 1 year-1368) was the first unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities in the history of China. The capital metropolis (now Beijing) experienced five emperors and eleven emperors, which lasted for 98 years.

1206, Genghis Khan Temujin unified Mobei, established the Mongolian empire, and began to expand abroad, successively attacking and destroying Western Liao, Xixia, Huala, Eastern Xia, Jin and other countries.

After the death of Mongolian Khan, the dispute between Alibaba brothers and Kublai Khan was triggered, which led to the division of Mongolia. 1260, Kublai Khan, established the "great unity" of the Yuan Dynasty.

127 1 year, Kublai Khan changed his title to "Dayuan" in the Book of Changes, and moved the capital to Yanjing the following year, calling it Dadu. 1279 (in the 16th year of Yuan Dynasty), the Yuan Army wiped out the Southern Song Dynasty in the naval battle of Yashan, ending the long-term war situation.

After that, the Yuan Dynasty continued to expand to the outside world, but when it went to sea to conquer Japan and Southeast Asian countries, it suffered repeated defeats and wars, such as the Yuan-Japan War, the Yuan-Vietnam War, the Yuan-Burma War and the Yuan Claw War. There were frequent coups in the mid-Yuan Dynasty, and politics was never on the right track.

In the later period, political corruption, powerful ministers in power, and increasingly serious ethnic and class contradictions led to the peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor to establish the Ming Dynasty, and then the Northern Expedition expelled the Yuan court to capture Beijing. Since then, Yuan Ting retired to Mobei, known as Beiyuan in history. 1402, Chen Yuangui and Li Chi usurped power to establish Tatar, and the Northern Yuan Dynasty perished.

10, Ming dynasty

The Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644) was a unified dynasty established by the Han nationality, which was passed down to sixteen emperors and enjoyed the country for 276 years. ?

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the people were in poverty and the Red Scarf Uprising broke out. Zhu Yuanzhang joined the Guo Zixing team. 1364, Zhu Yuanzhang called the King of Wu and established the Western Wu. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, with the title Daming. Because the royal family surnamed Zhu, also known as the capital should be Tianfu.

1420, Judy moved the capital to Shuntianfu, with Yingtianfu as its capital. In the early Ming Dynasty, it was ruled by Hongwu, Yongle and Ren Xuan. Political clarity and strong national strength.

In the middle period, it turned from prosperity to decline through civil engineering, and was later revived by Hongzhi Zhongxing, Jiajing Zhongxing and Wanli Zhongxing. In the late Ming Dynasty, it was invaded by Lindong Party and natural disasters. [13- 15] led to the decline of national strength and the outbreak of peasant uprising.

Li Zicheng invaded Beijing 1644, and Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty hanged himself. The Ming imperial clan established Nanming in Jiangnan, and then the Qing Dynasty defeated the regimes of Dashun, Daxi, Nanming Hong Guang, Longwu and Shaowu.

1662, Li Yong was killed and Nanming was destroyed. 1683, Taiwan Province province was captured by the Qing army, and Zheng Ming, the founding father of the Ming Dynasty, fell.

1 1, Qing dynasty

The Qing Dynasty (1616-1912) was the last unified feudal dynasty in the history of China, with eleven emperors scattered and enjoying the country for 276 years.

16 16 years, Nuerhachi, the leader of the Jurchen Department of Jianzhou, established the late Jin Dynasty. 1636, Huang taiji changed his country name to Daqing. 1644, when the Ming Dynasty perished, Wu Sangui, the commander-in-chief of the Ming Dynasty stationed in Shanhaiguan, was demoted, and Regent Dourgen led the Qing army into the customs. In the same year, the emperor shunzhi moved to Beijing, and the Qing Dynasty replaced the Ming Dynasty as the national ruler.

Kang Yong's three dynasties reached their peak. During this period, all aspects of China society reached the acme under the original institutional framework, with the greatest reform, the strongest national strength, social stability, rapid economic development, rapid population growth and vast territory.

After the Opium War, it was invaded by foreign powers and its sovereignty and territory were seriously lost. It also began the exploration of modernization and carried out modernization reforms such as the Westernization Movement and the Reform Movement of 1898.

The Sino-Japanese War and Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China further deepened the national crisis. In the late Qing Dynasty, China was completely reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

19 1 1 year, the revolution of 1911 broke out and the Qing dynasty collapsed. 19 12 February 12, Beiyang warlord Yuan Shikai forced the last emperor Puyi to abdicate and issued an abdication edict, ending the Qing Dynasty.

Baidu encyclopedia-Chinese historical dynasties