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The Historical Evolution of Dongyi
Dongyi in the pre-Qin period, that is, various nationalities and countries distributed between ancient rivers and economy and south of Mount Tai, can be roughly divided into three main stages: Xia and Shang Dynasties, Western Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. At the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Xuan and Bo Gu were destroyed, and Lu and Qi were sealed in their hometown. With Qilu as the center, only Lion in Shandong Province had not been completely sinicized in the Spring and Autumn Period. The barbarians in Huaishui area were the strong rivals of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the main body of the barbarians in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty.

Qi and Lu have obviously different policies towards the surrounding Dongyi tribes. According to Zuo Zhuan's Twenty Years, before Bogu founded the country, there was a western tribe named Jiang in the central part of the State of Qi who moved to Lingdong, Fengbo. "Historical Records" also said: "Taigong Wang Lu merchants are masters in the East China Sea." Quoting Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, it refers to "the land of foreigners". The ancestors of Qi had a close relationship with Dongyi. Qi's "Dagong went to the country to repair politics, because of its vulgarity, simplicity and courtesy, the business industry benefited from fish and salt, and the people returned to Qi, making Qi a big country". In economy, Qi adopted the policy of combining culture, manners and customs and giving full play to geographical position, which achieved good results. So, although Qi Taigong had a struggle with Lion at the beginning of Ying Qiu Jianguo, it soon stabilized, and after only five months, he reported his policies and achievements to the Duke of Zhou, which made the Duke of Zhou feel unexpectedly fast. Bo Qin arrived in Shandong, but it took him three years to report his administration to Duke Zhou. Duke Zhou said,' Why is it so late?' Bo Qin said, "It's too late to change its customs, change its rituals, mourn for three years, and then get rid of it." After comparing the two different principles and policies of Qi and Lu and their effects, Duke Zhou said, "Alas, everything in the north of Lu will be the same in the future!" ! The husband's administration is simple and not easy, and the people are not close; People, people will go back there. Archaeological findings initially confirmed the different effects of Qilu policy. According to textual research: "In recent years, the ancient city of Qi in Linzi and the ancient city of Lu in Qufu have been excavated one after another, which shows that Qilu is indeed significantly different from Qilu in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period in terms of cultural outlook, funeral customs and urban layout. According to documents, Qi has a strong commercial culture and preserved many primitive relics (such as a large number of people and animals being killed and women's status being high). ), while Lu maintained the tradition of Zhou culture, thus proving that Sima Qian's statement that Taigong ruled Qi' because of its vulgarity, changed its ceremony' and Lu' moved its vulgarity and changed its ceremony' was justified. Although Qi came from the middle reaches of the Yellow River and its cultural roots came from the eastern and western parts of the Yellow River Basin, his policies promoted the further integration of cultures and tribes in the eastern and western parts of the Yellow River Basin, which not only dominated for the first time in the Spring and Autumn Period, but also influenced the whole China culture. The Dongyi tribes around Qi quickly merged with it. By the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, Qi perished in 567 (the fifteenth year of Qi), and the small Dongyi country in Shandong Peninsula had been merged by Qi. Qi has surpassed Lu since the early Spring and Autumn Period, basically unifying Qilu and becoming the most powerful vassal in the East, which has a lot to do with his inclusive policy since the founding of the People's Republic of China.

When Lu was blocked, Zhou Wang formulated the policy of "opening up business and promoting the surrounding areas in Xinjiang", while Birqin emphasized changing the local indigenous customs. Although Lu is famous for performing the rites of the week, the customs of the local aborigines are still stubborn. According to the preliminary excavation of the old city of Lu, * * * cleared 129 tombs in two weeks, spanning five or six centuries from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the early years of the Warring States Period. The 129 tombs can be divided into two groups, A and B, with different burial methods. According to textual research, group B is definitely the tomb of Zhou people, and group A is definitely not the tomb of Zhou people. "The tombs of Group A lasted from the Western Zhou Dynasty to at least the late Spring and Autumn Period, indicating that the social customs inherent in the local ethnic groups have existed for a long time and have experienced the process of their own development and assimilation." In fact, Lu's stubborn implementation of Zhou Li is bound to be combined with local culture, and Zhou Li has played a leading role. Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, was born in the Song Dynasty and is a Miao descendant of Shang nationality. He said that "Zhou Li" itself absorbed the essence of Xia and Shang Dynasties, "I am depressed by the text, and I follow the week". In the center of the development of Dongyi culture, Lu developed Confucius and Mencius, which had a great influence on later generations. In actual development, it is not as thorough as the practice of "changing customs", but it is still the coexistence of Zhou customs and foreign customs, and the integration of Zhou rituals. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were still descendants of great men in Shandong, such as Ren, Su, Xu and other small countries, but in today's Shandong, there were descendants, such as Ju, Tan, Fei and other countries. They intermarried with Zhu Xia and formed an alliance. In the process of fighting for hegemony with Chu, they were mainly attached to Qi and Lu, and were regarded as their allies. Judging from the unearthed cultural relics, the social and cultural development level of Shandong countries in the Spring and Autumn Period was also very close to that of the vassal countries in the Central Plains, just because they still retained some etiquette and customs of the East and were considered as the East. In fact, it has been integrated with summer. By the Warring States period, this cultural difference has not attracted people's attention.

In the middle and lower reaches of Huaihe River, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and other provinces are bordering and adjacent areas. , Xu, Jiang, Ge, Huang,, English, Liu, etc., mainly tend to be "Xia events" in the Spring and Autumn Period, marrying Xia people and joining alliances. In the historical process of hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period and the great merger of Warring States, it was merged by Chu, Wu, Lu and Yue successively, and its cultural trend, Lu, Chu and Wu Yue all had influences. In the process of political unification, culture and nationality gradually merged, and the differences between Yi and Xia gradually disappeared. When Qin unified the six countries, "Huai, Si and Yi all dispersed into civilian households" and became a part of China.