When it comes to volcanic eruption, people will think of Vesuvius, Krakatoa or Paley. It is true that these volcanic eruptions are famous for their violence, but they are much worse than Tambora volcano. The energy released by the Tamborra virus outbreak is as high as 84 billion erg. 1883 Krakato volcano in Indonesia is very famous. It can be said that the earthquake 1 Wan Li scattered three oceans, but the energy it released was only one eightieth of that of Tamborra.
Tambora volcano is located in the Chingar Peninsula in the northern part of Sumbawa Island, and there have been many volcanic activities in geological history. But before 18 15 broke out, it was silent for a long time. In the memory of local residents, it has never erupted, just like before the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD.
More than three years before the explosion, steam clouds began to appear at the top of Tamborra. They gradually became thick and dark, and finally even the wind could not blow away. Finally, in the early morning of April 5th, 18 15, Tamborra began the most violent volcanic eruption ever recorded by mankind. The crater spewed a lot of gas and volcanic ash, and the explosion reached its climax on the night of10 ~1,and then gradually weakened until July of 15.
This outbreak is really unusual. Its sound can be heard as far away as 1600 km, and the ejected volcanic ash darkened the sky within 480 km for three consecutive days. By noon on April 65, 438+02, Java, hundreds of kilometers away, was completely dark and opaque. During the volcanic eruption, a violent tornado was produced, uprooting many trees near the volcano. The lava flow pouring down from the crater flooded a large area and finally flowed into the sea. When it broke out, it also produced a tsunami and a large area of land subsidence, and Tamborra Town also sank to the bottom of the sea at a depth of 6 meters. During the whole eruption process, the upper part of the volcano lost about 30 cubic kilometers (70 billion tons), forming a huge crater with a diameter of more than 6,000 meters and a depth of 700 meters. There are 500-600 billion tons of volcanic ash erupting from the interior of the volcano. Under the entrainment of airflow, it is as far as 1 thousand kilometers, and it is also full of volcanic ash. Their accumulation thickness is 90 cm 20 km east of the volcano and 25 cm to 250 km. 70 kilometers to the west is 60 cm, and the maximum is 22 cm at 400 kilometers.
The extreme violence in Tamborra is related to the high content of various gases in its ejecta. In the total amount of ejecta, gas and flying matter account for more than 99%, while lava is less than 1%.
The current elevation of Mount Tamborra is 285 1 meter. From a small eruption in 19 13, there was no activity in 7 1 year.