Chinese painting, referred to as "Chinese painting" for short, is painted on special Xuan paper or silk with brush, ink and Chinese painting pigments. The subject matter is mainly figures, landscapes and flowers and birds, and the techniques are divided into pen and freehand brushwork, which are full of traditional characteristics. Chinese painting can be divided into figure painting, landscape painting and flower-and-bird painting.

1, figure painting

(1) The historical process of figure painting;

China figure painting has a long history. According to records, there were murals in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Gu Kaizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty specializes in figure painting, and China's painting is the first one in the world to put forward the idea of "writing God with form". Yan was also good at figure painting in Tang Dynasty. And Wu Daozi, Han Wo and so on. He has made outstanding contributions to figure painting. After the Tang Dynasty, there were many painters who painted figure paintings, and there were all previous dynasties.

(2) Portrait and figure painting:

In order to draw a good figure painting, we should not only inherit the tradition, but also understand and study the basic shape, proportion, anatomical structure and the changing law of human movement, so as to accurately shape and express the shape and spirit of the figure. There are several ways to express characters, each with its own advantages, such as line drawing, cross filling, ink splashing, cross dyeing and so on.

2. Landscape painting

(1) the historical process of landscape painting;

Landscape painting (commonly known as landscape painting, landscape painting or ink painting) is a specialized art discipline with a long history. Since the Tang Dynasty, there have been famous painters in each period, who specialize in landscape painting. Although their life experiences, qualities, schools and methods are different; But everyone can use pen and ink, color, skill, flexible operation and detailed description. This is the beauty of natural scenery, jumping on paper with joy, buying the same, majestic and elegant.

(2) the composition of landscape painting:

The composition of landscape painting includes: mountains, water, rocks, trees, houses, houses, terraces, boats, bridges, wind, rain, cloudy, sunny, snow, sun, clouds, fog and the climatic characteristics of spring, summer, autumn and winter.

3. Flower and bird painting

(1) Introduction to flower-and-bird painting;

China's flower-and-bird paintings are colorful and fascinating. It ranks alongside landscape painting and figure painting as a special subject of painting art in China. Flower-and-bird painting in a broad sense should include flowers and birds, animals, insects, fish and so on.

(2) The painting method and theme of flower-and-bird painting:

Flower-and-bird painting can be roughly divided into two categories:

(1) meticulous flower and bird;

(2) freehand brushwork of flowers and birds;

Insects can also be divided into work and writing. The expression methods are: line drawing (also known as double hook), sketching, filling, deboning, splashing ink and so on. Like mountains and rivers, he has a long history. The learning steps of flower-and-bird painting are nothing more than copying, sketching and creating. Themes are: bamboo, orchid, plum, chrysanthemum, peony, lotus and so on. Birds are: chicken, goose, duck, crane, cuckoo, kingfisher, magpie and eagle; Insects include parrots, butterflies, phoenixes, dragonflies and cicadas, while miscellaneous insects include slugs, crickets, ants, snails and spiders.

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Chinese painting has a long history and rich heritage. It has a history of more than 2000 years since the unique silk paintings of the Warring States were known. If you look at the original rock paintings in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Shandong, Xinjiang and Northeast China and the original ground paintings discovered in Dadiwan, Qin 'an, Gansu in 1986, it has a history of more than 5,000 years.

Chinese painting, referred to as "Chinese painting" for short, originally refers to China's painting, which is a concept different from the western painting introduced to China in the late Ming Dynasty. Before liberation, Chinese painting was called "Chinese painting", Chinese medicine was called "national medicine", China martial arts was called "national martial arts", Beijing opera was called "national drama" and Guangdong music was called "national music". These names with the word "Guo" were all changed after liberation, and only Chinese paintings still retain the name "Chinese painting" (/kloc-0 was renamed "color ink painting" in the 1950s).

China figure painting

Since Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, China's figure painting has been divided into two systems: meticulous painting and freehand brushwork, forming a painting style of "fine, beautiful and beautiful" represented by Gu He. The shape is accurate and fine, and the color is bright and rich, which is called "dense body"; The concise and generalized painting style represented by Zhang Sengyou, with concise characters and simple colors, is called "sparse style". In the Tang Dynasty, Wu Daozi broke through the general painting style of meticulous painting and heavy color accumulation, and created a new form of ink and wash light color stick figure. When Wu Daozi painted, he "put pen to paper to create wind", and pursued majestic and elegant beauty on the online, that is, the so-called "Wu Dynasty was the wind". As far as color is concerned, he is "slightly stained with scorched ink and naturally surpasses his achievements", that is, the so-called "martial arts"

The figure painting in the Song Dynasty was quite developed, and many outstanding figure painters appeared, with a wider range of subjects than in the past. After Yuan Dynasty, figure painting declined because the mainstream turned to landscapes, flowers and birds. In Ming and Qing Dynasties and modern times, many outstanding figure painters appeared, especially Ren Bonian, who inherited the pen and ink of literati painting and boldly absorbed the techniques of western painting. He not only has a profound traditional foundation, but also is good at absorbing the advantages of foreign art, thus creating a style that appeals to both refined and popular tastes, broadening the creative ways of figure painting and having a great influence on the development of modern figure painting. From around the May 4th Movement to the founding of New China, artists such as Li Shutong, Xu Beihong and Liu Haisu introduced western painting into China to meet the requirements of the new era, which promoted the reform of traditional painting in China. A large number of outstanding works worthy of the times have been created, which has brought China's traditional figure painting to a new level and rushed out of the country to the world.

China landscape painting

China's landscape painting, as an independent kind of painting, is unanimously considered by art historians as: "It began in Tang Dynasty, became in Song Dynasty and changed in Yuan Dynasty." Although the landscape trees have appeared in Gu Kaizhi's "Luo Shen Fu Tu Juan" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, as the background of the characters, it has a strong decorative atmosphere, and now the earliest landscape paintings can be seen. It's You Chuntu by Zhan Ziqian in Sui Dynasty (probably a copy of Tang Dynasty, close to the original). Its basic painting method is that there is a hook without a drum, and it attaches great importance to color. The lakes and mountains depicted are beautiful in spring. In the Tang Dynasty, a group of green landscape painters represented by Li Sixun and Li Zhaotong inherited and developed this tradition. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Wu Daozi further developed a concise and realistic landscape painting method. Wang Wei, Zhang Zao and painters in the middle and late Tang Dynasty created ink and wash landscape paintings, which means that landscape paintings "began in the Tang Dynasty". During the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, landscape painting developed rapidly and reached a peak. During this period, many famous artists appeared, such as Hao Jing, Guan Tong, Dong Yuan, Ju Ran, Li Cheng, Fan Kuan, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui. The works of famous landscape painters have had a far-reaching impact on later generations, that is, "Cheng Yu Song". The Yuan Dynasty began in Zhao Mengfu and became (Huang, Wang Meng, Zhen Wu). It got rid of the institutional painting style of Song people, attached importance to subjective expression, and pursued simple, elegant and profound artistic interest. They are used to wipe the pen container instead of wet pen stains, and gradually use paper instead of silk, which is called "dry element"

The painting schools in Ming and Qing Dynasties rose one after another, with diverse styles and richer techniques. However, there are two tendencies in the creation of landscape paintings in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. One is to respect the old and conservative, emphasize imitation, emphasize pen and ink skills, and be divorced from real life. Dong Qichang in Ming Dynasty is the representative of this tendency. Another tendency is to break the old rules, be brave in innovation, and create life-rich landscape paintings. The "four monks" in the early Qing Dynasty are the representatives of this tendency.

After the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China and the founding of New China, Huang, Fu Baoshi, Li Keran,? They are all masters of landscape painting with high knowledge and skills. In the past ten years, landscape painting has made unprecedented development, and there have been many new talents who are diligent and eager to learn. Few conservative ideas, good at absorbing nutrition in many ways, and brave in exploration and innovation make the styles and techniques of landscape painting increasingly diverse, and new landscape paintings with the spirit of the times are constantly coming out. New landscape paintings with new contents, new forms and different styles compete for novelty and make new contributions to the development and innovation of Chinese painting.

China flower-and-bird painting

China's flower-and-bird paintings have a wide range of subjects, including flowers, feathers, animals, insects, scales, fruits and vegetables, trees and stones, utensils, ponds, ponds, Lin Mang and grasslands. Except people, almost everything in nature belongs to the category of flower and bird painting. Flowers and birds in life have natural beauty that people feel together. They can cultivate sentiment and make people feel relaxed and happy, such as the richness of peony, the elegance of daffodils, the stiffness of pine and bamboo, the luxuriant vines, the extraordinary cranes, the eagle's ambition thousands of miles away, and the beautiful peacocks ... all of them can give people a beautiful enjoyment and resonate with beauty.

China's flower-and-bird paintings not only show the beauty of flowers and birds, but also express people's thoughts and feelings by depicting flowers and birds. The flower-and-bird painters of past dynasties in China skillfully used metaphors and comparisons to express their experience and understanding of society and life at that time through emotional flower-and-bird images. In Qing Dynasty, Zheng Banqiao often used bamboo to express his thoughts. For example, he wrote a poem in Zhu Mo: "I insist that the green hills are not relaxed, rooted in rocks, and still strong after thousands of turns, and the surrounding areas are crazy." With the indomitable spirit of bamboo and not afraid of "a thousand turns", he poured out his ups and downs, repeated blows and upright and stubborn character. When Jin Nong was injured, he tried to compare himself with Mei Lan to show his resistance to reality. He wrote a sentence on a China orchid: "If you are tempted by the spring breeze, take it to the street with onions and garlic." From this, we can know his resentment towards the society at that time. Modern flower-and-bird painting inherits the tradition in technique, boldly innovates, endows new spirit of the times in ideological connotation, and praises and praises the prosperous and beautiful life of the socialist motherland with new flower-and-bird painting.