Over the past 20 years of reform and opening up, Foshan has made remarkable achievements in the construction of famous historical and cultural cities, the protection of cultural relics and the development of cultural tourism. While strengthening protection, it has initially revitalized historical and cultural resources and transformed a considerable part of resource advantages into industrial advantages. In 2002, Foshan's total tourism revenue was 73.31billion yuan, earning 2 1 1 billion dollars, accounting for more than 6% of the city's GDP. Cultural tourism has become a new economic growth point in Foshan. However, from the perspective of development, the protection and development of Foshan's historical and cultural resources still need to be improved. Problems such as lack of planning, scattered resources, lack of brands and insufficient packaging and publicity still exist, and the relationship between development and protection, industry and career has not been completely straightened out. Therefore, we must coordinate the relationship between historical and cultural protection and tourism development, closely combine them, take the road of "protection, development and better protection", make great efforts to grasp planning, integration, brand and innovation, and make Foshan's urban cultural image and comprehensive competitiveness bigger and stronger while maintaining the style of a famous historical and cultural city and deepening the traditional cultural heritage.
First, overall protection and comprehensive development. For historical and cultural cities, the protection and development should adhere to the principles of integrity and comprehensiveness. Article 1 of the International Charter for the Protection and Restoration of Monuments states: "The concept of historical monuments includes not only a single building, but also the urban or rural environment from which unique civilization, meaningful development or historical events can be found." A famous historical city is an organic whole, including the traditional features and original pattern of the city and its ancient blocks, not just a few isolated historical sites. The protection and development of cultural relics in Foshan should change the past mode of local protection and decentralized development, and incorporate the protection and development of famous cities into the overall construction plan of modern cities, with unified management and rational layout. The landscape environment around the scenic spots should be coordinated with it, and the original historical appearance should be restored as much as possible, and efforts should be made to build a protection and development system that combines "points" (cultural relics), "lines" (ancient streets, ancient buildings, old landscape environment) and "faces" (historical and cultural blocks and ancient villages in ancient towns), so that the architectural style, landscape features and functional settings in the protected areas are consistent with cultural relics. At present, Foshan has demarcated the historical and cultural block of ancestral temple, covering an area of 310.5 million square meters, and is attracting private capital and foreign capital to participate in the operation, trying to build a cultural and commercial scenic spot integrating tourism and shopping on the basis of restoring the style of the old city of Foshan. In the future, according to the distribution characteristics of cultural relics and historical sites and the requirements of urban and rural planning, a number of historical and cultural protection areas will be developed and built to form a cultural highlight of a famous city with large scale, distinctive features and effective results.
Second, integrate resources and build a brand. Generally speaking, there are many cultural relics and historic sites in Foshan, but many of them are scattered, and the resources are scattered, so it is difficult to form scale effect. Moreover, the lack of tourism cultural brands with distinctive themes, great influence and good benefits is not conducive to making the tourism industry bigger and stronger. Therefore, it is imperative to integrate and process scattered historical and cultural resources through appropriate market mechanisms and administrative means to maximize the overall efficiency of resources. We should take historical resources as the link, dig and refine cultural themes as the breakthrough point, integrate cultural resources with strong themes and obvious local characteristics in series, and create a number of tourist routes with ceramic culture, Cantonese opera culture, Buddhist culture, garden culture and martial arts culture as the themes, so as to enrich the connotation of tourism culture, upgrade the quality of tourism products, strengthen packaging and promotion, and build Foshan cultural tourism brand.
Third, the combination of wind and things, highlighting the characteristics. Foshan not only has many cultural relics, but also retains rich and colorful folk customs, traditional skills and folk arts. From heather, gone with the wind, Cantonese opera and martial arts to pottery, sculpture, plastic binding, wide embroidery and paper-cutting, both folk festivals and handicrafts are very ornamental. Compared with the static material cultural heritage, folk customs and skills are dynamic and vivid traditional cultural resources. The organic combination of the two can not only better maintain the unique charm of a famous historical and cultural city, but also enliven the tourism form and enrich the tourism content. Therefore, we can combine visiting scenic spots and historical sites with appreciating folk customs, and combine visiting cultural sites with appreciating folk crafts to develop unique cultural tourism projects, such as "autumn fragrance", "ancient kiln-pottery", "martial arts school-martial arts" and "ancestral hall Wanfutai-Cantonese opera performance". On the one hand, it can protect and continue soft traditional cultural resources such as folk customs, traditional skills and folk arts, on the other hand, it can attract tourists and open up business opportunities, and finally achieve a win-win situation for cultural protection and industrial development.
The protection and development of famous historical and cultural cities is a complex systematic project, involving a wide range, demanding and difficult. In this regard, Foshan has made a lot of achievements and accumulated a lot of experience. In the new century and new stage, we should further emancipate our minds, renew our concepts, innovate mechanisms, closely combine the protection of historical culture with the development of tourism, unswervingly take the road of "protection, development and better protection", and make rich historical and cultural resources make new contributions to the construction of Foshan as a famous cultural city.
Shaping Culture and Building Foshan into a Strong Cultural City
Foshan is a national historical and cultural city, and it was one of the "four famous towns" in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is known as the hometown of martial arts, Cantonese opera and pottery. Today, in the process of building Foshan, the Municipal Party Committee proposes to adapt to the modernization requirements of cultural construction on the basis of inheriting the historical context and strive to enhance the characteristics of Foshan's historical and cultural city. Looking back and looking at the present, we are full of confidence in this goal.
Historical and cultural accumulation is profound.
After thousands of years of development, Foshan has accumulated valuable historical and cultural heritage, such as martial arts and Cantonese opera. The emergence of a number of historical and cultural celebrities such as Chen Qiyuan and Kang Youwei has laid a solid foundation for Foshan to become a famous historical and cultural city.
Since the reform and opening up, citizens' awareness of civilization and scientific and cultural quality have been further improved: 12 advanced work units and demonstration sites for spiritual civilization construction have emerged throughout the country; 200 1, Foshan was also rated as "the advanced unit of building a civilized city in Guangdong Province".
Cultural undertakings are flourishing: in the past five years, 97 professional and amateur literary and artistic works have won national awards, and 12 1 has won provincial awards. Cultural infrastructure has been further improved, with 6 municipal and district public libraries and 59 town (street) libraries; There are 46 cultural squares at the municipal and district levels.
According to the preliminary plan of Foshan's cultural construction, Foshan will continue to work hard on cultural undertakings and cultural industries in the future. The Ninth Party Congress of the city also proposed that the tourism culture with modern ideas should show its historical and cultural functions and take the road of "protection, development and better protection". The municipal cultural department has been working hard in this direction, and the opening of Foshan Cantonese Opera Museum and the start of supporting shops in Huang Feihong Memorial Hall are the best manifestations. Recently, the cultural department and the construction department jointly submitted a report to the municipal government, demanding the protection of10.5 million square meters of the core historical block of Chancheng. This historical and cultural block has more than 30 municipal, provincial and national key cultural relics protection units, as well as more than 60 unique ancient residential buildings. Its development will undoubtedly promote the development of other blocks and will become an important step in integrating Foshan's historical and cultural resources.
Modern education is developing vigorously.
Developed national education is an important embodiment of modern urban civilization. In view of the new situation, Foshan is focusing on the new goal of education development: by 2005, Foshan will basically build a lifelong education system marked by "learning city" and comprehensively improve the overall quality of all members of society.
As early as 1983, Foshan took the lead in popularizing primary education in the province, and basically popularized high school education in 2000. Last year, there were 938,400 students of all kinds in the city, and remarkable achievements were made in popularizing basic education. On this basis, the integration of educational resources and the development of quality education have achieved good results.
In recent years, Foshan has built a number of grade schools with high education quality by integrating educational resources, which has promoted the overall education quality. Taking the college entrance examination as an example, the number of online students and the internal structure are increasing and optimizing every year. This year, Foshan college entrance examination reached the third batch of B-line online rate of nearly 86%. The number of online users at undergraduate level increased by 25 17 compared with last year. In the future, Foshan will speed up the layout adjustment of junior high schools and primary schools in the city, and plan to merge 35 1 primary and secondary schools by 2005, and at the same time build 12 national ordinary demonstration high schools.
Accelerating the "Digital Education Project" is another direction of Foshan education. At present, there are 66 174 computers in primary and secondary schools in Foshan, and the man-machine ratio is 12∶ 1, and an educational information network at the city and district levels has been established. In the future, the comprehensive promotion of the city's information technology education project will be an important part of the education reform project. Initially, it is planned to invest 2 1 100 million yuan to connect the education information network between the whole city and all districts, and fully realize school-to-school communication. The man-machine ratio of primary and secondary schools will reach 10: 1.
It is particularly worth mentioning that in the past five years, Foshan has gradually realized the popularization of higher education. In addition to Foshan Institute of Science and Technology, Foshan Vocational and Technical College, Shunde Vocational and Technical College, Nanhai College of China Normal University and Neusoft Institute of Information Technology have also settled in Foshan. In the future, Foshan plans to build a university park with local characteristics, attract famous universities inside and outside the province and overseas, and strive to basically popularize higher education by 20 10.
Radio, film and television publishing industry further developed.
Radio, television, newspapers and other news organizations shoulder the heavy responsibility of building modernization and spreading modern civilization in Foshan.
At present, there are 5 radio stations and 5 TV stations in the city; The coverage rate of broadcast population is 98%; The population coverage of wireless TV has reached 97%. On May 28th this year, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television approved "Foshan, as the first pilot city of cable digital TV in China, to establish a cable digital TV demonstration network." This is the only prefecture-level city that has become a pilot city for cable digital TV. At present, the project has been launched in an all-round way, and it is expected that the cable TV network in Foshan will all transition to digitalization in 2005.
With the development of radio and television in full swing, the strength of Foshan news publishing industry has also been significantly enhanced. At present, there are 14 newspapers in China, which provide more than 80 million newspapers to the public every year.
Among the top ten construction projects in Foshan, the preparation of the municipal news center has been put on the agenda. On June 30th, Party A and Party B of this project signed the letter of good faith responsibility, which marked the official launch of the news center project and also indicated that Foshan journalism was developing forward. Reporter Wang Xinying
Develop cultural industry and enhance the radiation power of modern big cities
* * * Dr. Zhou Jianping, Director of Literature and Art Department of Propaganda Department of Guangdong Provincial Party Committee.
Culture is the spiritual character of a city and a group and socialized personality. Economic development has decisive significance in the process of urban modernization, while cultural development has ultimate significance in the process of urban modernization. With the rapid development of economy, the body of the city has developed rapidly, while the convergence and accumulation of culture has been much slower and heavier, but it is precisely because of it that the city has been endowed with the soul. In today's world, culture, economy and politics blend with each other and play an increasingly prominent role in the competition of comprehensive national strength. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that "all Party comrades should deeply understand the strategic significance of cultural construction" and "actively develop cultural undertakings and cultural industries". Strengthening urban cultural construction and developing cultural industries are the strategic needs of practicing Theory of Three Represents, building Guangdong into a cultural province, building Foshan into a modern metropolis and accelerating the process of basic modernization.
Cultural industry is a sunrise industry recognized by international economic circles. In many developed countries and regions, cultural industry has become an important economic growth point and a pillar industry of the national economy. With the gradual establishment of the socialist market economic system and the arrival of the information age, the cultural industry is becoming an important industry and a new economic growth point in China's social economy, and will increasingly show its important role in people's spiritual and cultural life. From the international experience, when the per capita GDP of a country or region exceeds 3,000 US dollars and the people's living standard moves towards a well-off stage, the social demand for culture will increase rapidly. At this time, it will get twice the result with half the effort to introduce corresponding policies and measures and develop culture as an emerging industry. At present, Foshan is in the transitional stage from a well-off society to a well-off society, which is a golden period to accelerate the development of cultural industries. In 2002, Foshan's GDP reached11686.6 billion yuan? The per capita GDP is 34,636 yuan, equivalent to more than 4,000 US dollars, and the Engel coefficient has dropped below 40%. This shows that the people's life in the city has reached the stage of initial prosperity, the proportion of consumption expenditure in culture and other aspects is increasing, the demand for people's cultural life is growing rapidly, and a very broad cultural consumption market is taking shape. Foshan has entered the threshold of cultural consumption in terms of economic aggregate scale and people's living standards. This is a major new development opportunity for Foshan. If we can act according to the economic laws and make full use of this historical opportunity in time, we will stand out from the competition with many other big cities in China, seize the development opportunity and share the new cross-century supermarket of cultural consumption. The report of the Ninth Party Congress in Foshan pointed out that it is necessary to inherit the historical context, adapt to the modernization requirements of cultural construction, and strive to enhance the characteristics of Foshan's historical and cultural city. This fully embodies the strategic vision of Foshan Municipal Committee to assess the situation and seize opportunities.
Judging from the development law of urban culture, the development of cultural industry is conducive to maintaining the vitality and sustainable development of the city and giving full play to its cultural radiation function. In other words, the cultural industry makes the cohesion of the city more active, prominent and effective in the modernization transformation through its own rolling aggregation effect. Economic prosperity provides material support for cultural development, and the high development of culture and cultural industries in turn provides an important carrier for the gathering, diffusion, demonstration and service functions of economic centers. Economic development and cultural construction realize benign interaction and complement each other. Vigorously developing cultural industries is a key link in building a modern metropolis, and it is also a breakthrough point and breakthrough point with the significance of stimulating the development of the whole city. We should seize the opportunity of accelerating the integration of economy and culture, further emancipate our minds, broaden our thinking, let go of our hands and feet, and accelerate the development of Foshan's cultural industry. Make it a new bright spot of urban cultural construction, and then become a new growth point of economic development, promote the adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure, improve the comprehensive strength of the city, and enhance the urban agglomeration and radiation effect.
According to statistics, in 2002, the number of cultural industry units in Foshan was 3,078, with employees of1.51.96 and operating income of 1.7465 1.09 million yuan, ranking fifth in the province. On the one hand, statistics show that Foshan's cultural industry has a good foundation and great potential. On the other hand, Foshan's cultural industry is insufficient. The operating income of Foshan's cultural industry is not only far lower than that of Guangzhou and Shenzhen, but also lower than that of Dongguan and Huizhou, which is not commensurate with Foshan's economic status in the province. The main problems are that Foshan's awareness of cultural industry is not strong enough, its organizational awareness is lagging behind, and there is a serious shortage of talents. The structure of cultural industry is unreasonable; There is a big gap between the output, industrial scale and brand of cultural products and advanced cities. Foshan, the birthplace of China Cantonese Opera, is a famous hometown of martial arts, art, ceramics and food in China, with many places of interest and rich resources. However, these valuable cultural resources and industrial functions have not been fully expanded. Cantonese Opera Museum, Huang Feihong Memorial Hall, Foshan Daily, Foshan Literature and Art, Foshan Radio Station, Foshan TV Station, Foshan University Park, etc. have actively explored industrialization. However, there are some shortcomings in industrial scale, scientific and technological content, operating mechanism and brand strategy.
To build a modern metropolis, Foshan must have a strong cultural industry foundation and perfect cultural market functions. In the long run, by 20 10, Foshan will be built into one of the regional cultural industry bases with multi-categories, scale and grade, advanced infrastructure and software, and able to radiate domestic and foreign cultural markets. In the near future, Foshan will build a pillar cultural industry and a number of large-scale cultural enterprise groups within five years, and strive to occupy a larger share in the total cultural production of the province and even the whole country, and be in line with international standards. We should set the goal of developing cultural industry, base ourselves on promoting the construction of two civilizations in Foshan, and focus on improving the function of a modern metropolis. Therefore, it is suggested that the goal of Foshan's cultural industry development is to highlight the characteristics of Foshan's historical and cultural city, combine tradition with modernity, and form a diversified industrial development pattern supported by modern science and technology, which will become an important pillar to enhance the functions of modern big cities and a powerful driving force to promote the construction of civilized cities.
Specifically, the first is to transform government functions and optimize and adjust the structure of cultural industries. The competent government departments should change from "managing culture" to "managing culture", adjust the market through various economic and legal administrative means, and guide the production and business activities of cultural enterprises. Second, we must adhere to the unity of social and economic benefits. Cultural industry units must maximize production efficiency and economic benefits to ensure the realization of social benefits. Guided by the needs of people's cultural life, give play to the positive role of market mechanism. The third is to deepen the reform of industrial system and build a "big culture" pattern. Considering Foshan's regional advantages, cultural resources and technical foundation, humanistic tradition and market demand, as well as the existing foundation, we can establish press and publication, radio and television, cultural tourism and traditional folk crafts as the pillar industries with priority development, form a "leading" industrial pattern, and promote art training, advertising, art production, leisure and fitness, sports industry and convention and exhibition industry; Vigorously develop ancestral halls, Huang Feihong Memorial Hall, Cantonese Opera Museum, Nanfeng Ancient Stove and other projects, adapt to the laws of market economy, adopt a series of reform measures, and attach preferential policies in land use, finance and taxation, so as to make a breakthrough in the cultural industry in a relatively short period of time and promote the overall development. The fourth is to adjust the layout and improve the industrial structure. With careful planning, leading enterprises can take the lead in implementing cross-industry and cross-regional scale expansion, give full play to Foshan's human and geographical advantages, and create a modern Foshan tourism culture with unique creativity and excellent service. Fifth, actively develop cultural intermediary service institutions. Based on the existing institutions and associations in Foshan, we should gradually change their functions that are not suitable for the market economy, intensify the transformation of trade associations and intermediary institutions, and on this basis, focus on supporting and running a number of cultural intermediary companies. Encourage all kinds of economic forms and ownership to participate in the cultural intermediary and broker market, and form a cultural intermediary system in which various ownership systems coexist and compete with each other. Sixth, accelerate the reform of the literary and artistic system. The purpose of the reform should be closely related to the economic operation, highlight the integration function and derivative power of management, and make the literary and art groups have certain sensitivity and adaptability to economic changes. Actively face the market and the public and take the road of industrialization development. For social organizations, enterprises and institutions to organize and take over literary and art groups, policies should be formulated to give active support, including exemption from investment income tax.
Evolution of administrative divisions in Foshan since 1949
Foshan was founded on1October 29th. 1949? County level, belonging to the Pearl River region.
1950 65438+1October 12 With the approval of the State Council, the Central People's Government, Foshan was upgraded to a prefecture-level city? Guangdong Provincial People's Government and Pearl River Delta institutions implement dual leadership.
1On July 20th, 950, Foshan was once again placed under the jurisdiction of Nanhai County, and was called Foshan Town of Nanhai County.
195 1 year 1 month 12 With the approval of the Administration Bureau of the Central People's Government, Foshan changed its town into a city? May? Set up Foshan city? Prefecture level? Belongs to the Pearl River region.
June 1954 Residents of Guangdong Central Administrative Region moved from Jiangmen to Foshan.
Foshan Special Zone was established in February 1956? Jurisdiction over Nanhai, Shunde, Sanshui, Heshan, Kaiping, Enping, Huaxian, Panyu, Zhongshan, Xinhui, Gaoming, Taishan, Zhuhai, 13, Shi Qi, Foshan and Jiangmen.
Foshan Jiangmen 1958 changed to county-level city? Led by Foshan District.
Foshan 1966 was promoted to a prefecture-level city? It is under the dual leadership of Guangdong Province and Foshan.
1970 Foshan was renamed Foshan, and Foshan and Jiangmen were changed to county-level cities.
July 1974 Foshan and Jiangmen were promoted to prefecture-level cities. Foshan governs Nanhai, Shunde, Sanshui, Gaohe, Kaiping, Enping, Panyu, Zhongshan, Xinhui, Taishan and Zhuhai.
Doumen 12 County, Foshan and Jiangmen.
In June 1983, 1, the former Foshan area and Foshan city merged into Foshan city? Jurisdiction over Zhongshan, Nanhai, Shunde, Gaoming and Sanshui counties.
June 1984 Foshan Municipality in charge of Fenjiang River? 1986 was renamed as urban area, Shiwan, Nanhai, Shunde, Sanshui and Gaoming 2 districts and 4 counties, which were under the management of Zhongshan city. 1988
Be promoted to a prefecture-level city.
From 1992 to 1994, Shunde, Nanhai, Sanshui and Gaoming successively withdrew from counties to set up cities. County level, sponsored by Foshan.
From June 5438 to February 2002, with the approval of the State Council, the urban area, Shiwan District and county-level Nanhai City, Shunde City, Sanshui City and Gaoming City under the jurisdiction of Foshan were abolished, and five districts of Foshan City were established, namely Chancheng District, Nanhai District, Shunde District, Sanshui District and Gaoming District.