One day in the 9th year of Tang Tianbao (750), Chang 'an was a special post station for foreign envoys. The Siyi Pavilion welcomed another group of travel-stained envoys, namely Sabodagan, the envoy of Bibin Kingdom (present-day Kashmir), and Sheriyomo, a monk mage. The open and powerful Datang attracts neighboring small countries, and the ambassadors of the guest countries came to join Shengtang with the king's will. Tang Xuanzong personally received envoys from Buddhist holy places, appointed eunuch Zhang Taoguang as the official ambassador, and Che Fengchao as the left-back of the military attache, and organized a huge mission of 40 people to escort the envoys of the guest country back to China, thus completing the diplomatic mission of good transportation.
Che Fengchao is also called? Wukong? , for the name given by Tang Dezong later. "Wukong enters Zhu Ji" contains: The teacher is also from Yunyang, Jingzhao. The township name is Qinglong, and the township name is Xiangyi. The common name is Che, and the word Feng Chao. ? Jingyang County Records also said that he was born in Xiang Yili, Qinglong Township, Jingyang County in Jingzhao (now Yunyang Town, Cuoshan County, Shaanxi Province) in 73 1 year. His mother is a descendant of Tuoba, a royal aristocrat of Xianbei in the Northern Wei Dynasty. He takes his mother's surname Che. He is gifted and has been practicing martial arts since childhood. Just when he was in his early twenties, history gave him a chance to realize his ambition. In 75 1 year, he went to the western regions as a member of the mission.
The mission of the Tang Dynasty was to start from Chang 'an, cross the Hexi Corridor and walk along the northern line of the Silk Road, which was basically the same as Xuanzang's westbound route. Take Anxi Road, the second Shule country, the second Onion Mountain, to Yangxingling and Bomi River, five feet of Guo Ni (also a cloud-type Tibetan country), the second secret protector country, the second latitude detention country, the second Grameen country, the second Lanpo country, the second Niehe country, the second Ukrainian country (also a cloud-long black country), and Gaotou City, the second Modan country. Anxi Road refers to the route starting from Turpan and Yanchao today, passing through Kuqa (Anxi) and Kashgar (Shule) and crossing the Pamirs (Congling) westbound; Sowing honey in Sichuan, which is today's Vaughan Valley; The five naked countries are located in Badakhshan area in present-day northeast Afghanistan: the secret country is located in the west of Vaughan Valley; The river of faith is now the Indus River.
The mission of the Tang Dynasty crossed the vast desert Gobi, trudged through the uninhabited swamp Shui Bo, climbed the mountain covered with snow all year round, and passed through more than a dozen small countries in the western regions. Che Fengchao is responsible for the safety of the mission and the management and protection of horses, and always beware of the harassment of horse thieves and robbers. Whenever a strong thief strikes, he takes it easy and takes the lead. He once beat a 36-pound cooked iron bar invincible, just like the one commonly used by the Monkey King in Journey to the West? Ruyi golden hoop? Wherever the iron bars went, the robbers fled in haste. No matter what difficulties you encounter, as long as Che Fengchao comes forward, everything can get the best. Later generations speculated that Che Fengchao was the prototype of the Monkey King in The Journey to the West.
After more than two years' arduous journey, the mission of the Tang Dynasty finally arrived at the capital of Dongke Kingdom? Gandhara's Wukong enters Zhu Ji introduces that Gandhara is the winter palace of the king of Northern Tianzhu: the king lives here in winter and is a guest in summer. ? And recorded its geography and orientation:? The country is surrounded by mountains on all sides, so it always opens three roads to set up customs defense, connecting Tubo in the east, Bolu in the north and Gandhara in the west. Don't have a road that is always forbidden, so if Tianjun is lucky, it can only be opened temporarily. ? Here? Tubo? Tibet, then Wang Xuance came to North Tianzhu and entered from Tubo. ? Bob. It is an ancient country in the upper reaches of the Indus Valley in northern Kashmir. He had contacts with the Tang Dynasty and was defeated by Gao Xianzhi. ? Gandhara? It is an ancient country in North India and enjoys a high reputation in the history of ancient art and architecture.
In 754, when the mission returned, Che Fengchao was seriously ill and could not return to the Central Plains as scheduled, and stayed in Gandhara for illness. When you are sick, make a wish and become a monk. At that time, Binbin Buddhism prevailed and monks gathered. After recovering from his illness, Che Fengchao went to Sakyamuni Buddha and learned from the Buddhist monk relic of Gandhara, giving him a dharma name. In the following four years, Che Fengchao studied Sanskrit with the relic and traveled to Kebin, Tianzhu and other countries with the relic. Looking for holy places everywhere? Learn Buddhism. At that time, there were many traces of Buddhism in northern Tianzhu. Fa Xian in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Song Yun in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Tang Xuanzang and Hui Chao before Che Fengchao all came here to seek dharma and left records.
What impressed Che Fengchao most was also the numerous Buddhist temples and Buddha statues in Lingta, which recorded Amitabha Temple and Ananyi Temple. Jicen Temple, Nuyeluo Temple, Yogyakarta Temple, Jiangjun Temple, YeRitler Temple, Keton Temple, etc. There are more than 300 Galand in this country. ? In the next two years, Che Feng went south to Tianzhu, China, and visited eight pagodas, namely, the Buddha's Birth Pagoda in Zhang Jiancheng, the Pagoda where Bodhi Dojo became a Buddha for the second time, the Pagoda where Luokuyang, a fairy in Bolognes, passed by Fahua in Mi Feng Mountain, the magical Pagoda in Yan Guangcheng, the pagodas where mud fell from the sky in many cities, and the city of Silava, which died in many forests. After that, I studied in Nalanduo Temple for three years (the Xuan Prize was studied here for five years), and then I went to the country where the martial arts exhibition was held to find gifts. These records introduce the Buddhist relics of ancient India in the 8th century A.D. in great detail, and compare them with Xuanzang's "Records of the Western Regions of Datang", which is an important clue to investigate Buddhist culture and Indian history today.
Many years later, Che Fengchao missed his homeland and asked to return to China. At first, the relics of his teacher Yue Mo were rejected, and Che Fengchao repeatedly begged. When Master saw anxious to return, he finally gave permission and gave him Sanskrit, such as Shili Sutra, Shi Di Sutra, Hui Lun Sutra, Buddha Tooth Relic and so on.
Che Fengchao followed the caravan back along the original road, and after three years, he climbed mountains and climbed mountains and struggled forward. If you visit Romania, there is a city with several bones, and there is one outside the city. Xiaohai? When I arrived here, the weather suddenly changed. At that time, the storm was raging, the thunder was loud, the earth shook, and the dragon god in the sky seemed to be angry, which surprised all the business travelers accompanying him. In order to return to the East smoothly, Wukong sat here and prayed for God's forgiveness. From sunrise to Shenshi (3 pm to 5 pm), the wind and rain stopped and the weather returned to normal. After a short stay in Shule (now Kashgar, Xinjiang) and Yuwen (now weak Hotan), I went north and arrived in Qiuci (now Kuche County, Xinjiang). King Qiuci prevented Che Fengchao from spreading Buddhism and translating Buddhist scriptures in Qiuci, the capital of Anxi in Tang Dynasty. He spent a year in Qiuci Lotus Temple, and together with Buti rhinoceros (Tang Yun Lotus Exquisite) and other monks, he translated Buddhist scriptures such as Ten Prescriptions, Ten Forces, and Guilun Sutra. Later, I went to the North Yard (now Jimsar) and asked the monk's body, Luo Damo, to translate the Ten Land Classics and the Huanlun Classics into Chinese.
In September of the fifth year of Zhenyuan (789), the envoy of the Tang Dynasty and the Northern Dynasties came to the Northern Dynasties, and Che Fengchao followed him into the DPRK. At that time? He Long was trapped in Tubo. If he crossed Anxi and Beiting, he had to take the Uighur road. ("New Tang Book"? Li Deyu biography) Tang envoys can only take the Uighur road. Uighur road is also called? Towering Khan said? There are 68 post stations in the whole journey, which go from the Uighur tooth account to Chang 'an, and become the channel for the northern grassland tribes to hire envoys to pay tribute. Che Fengchao was afraid that Khan didn't believe in Buddhism and didn't dare to bring it back to Brahma, so he left the scriptures in longxing temple, the northern court, and came back with the translated Chinese scriptures.
The following year, 60-year-old Che Fengchao returned to Chang 'an, but things have changed. Visiting my second cousin, the grave tree has been arched, and no one is at home. It is rare to hear the alienation of the house. Everyone has been going back and forth for forty years. ? Tang Dezong missed his motherland for 40 years, and Wan Li returned with all his heart, translating scriptures, preaching and offering sacrifices to Buddhist relics. Take Fan Qiang's efforts into account and encourage the whole class to think beyond the distance. ? Save Zhangjing Temple and name it Wukong. 1994 March, One Piece? Buddha tooth relic? It was discovered in the former site of the Prince Soul Tower of Baoxiang Temple in Hanshang County, Shandong Province. It was when Master Wukong brought it back from Xitu that it was recognized by many experts and Buddhist monks? Buddha tooth relic? The relic was collected by famous ministers such as Shen Kuo and Wang Anshi in the Northern Song Dynasty, sealed in the tower in the Song Dynasty, reappeared in the world nearly a thousand years later, and was cited as a beautiful talk by the Buddhist community.
Wukongta
After more than 20 years, Wukong became a generation of monks by traveling, perfecting the translation of Confucian classics and traveling around to give lectures. In the 15th year of Zhenyuan (799), when Yuan Zhao, a monk, compiled Buddhist Records of the Tang Dynasty, he collected three kinds of Buddhist scriptures brought back by Wukong, and personally visited Wukong to learn about the source and translation of Buddhist scriptures and Wukong's seeking dharma in the western regions, and wrote Wukong's Entering Zhulu, which was attached to the Buddhist scriptures. So Wukong's experiences in India and the Western Regions were recorded in the history books. Zanning in Song Dynasty is based on the information in Wukong Entering Zhu Ji, and supplemented in Biography of Song Monks. Translate classics? Officially made a biography of Wukong 3.
Wukong is another monk who introduced Buddhism to the East after Xuanzang and Huichao in the Tang Dynasty. Due to illness, he was ordered to worship Buddha and vowed to return to his hometown, regardless of difficulties and obstacles. His enterprising spirit deserves to be remembered by future generations.