In the second Qin Dynasty, Zhao Gao, the prime minister, held the power of state affairs. He came up with an idea because he was afraid that some of his ministers would not obey. One day in the court, he took a sika deer and said to II, "Your Majesty, this is my famous horse. It can walk 1000 miles a day and 800 miles a night. " Junior laughed and said, "Shengsheng is obviously a deer, but you say it's a horse. Too wrong! " Zhao Gao said, "This is indeed a horse. How can your majesty say it is a deer? " The second doubt is for officials to judge. Everyone thinks that telling the truth will offend Cheng Xiang, and telling lies is afraid of deceiving your majesty, so they keep silent. At this time, Zhao Gao glared at the ministers, pointed to the deer and asked loudly, "Look, what round body, thin legs, thick ears and thick tail is this?" Everyone is afraid of Zhao Gao's influence. They don't say no, they just say it's a horse. Zhao Gao is very proud. The second is confusion. It's obviously a deer. Why does everyone say it's a horse? He thought he was crazy, and he became more and more confused. Everything in politics was completely manipulated by Zhao Gaolai.

Zhao Gao secretly killed the person who told the truth, and sent someone to kill II, which occupied the whole court and eventually led to the demise of the Qin Dynasty.

Smell the chicken dancing.

Zu Ti in Jin Dynasty was an open-minded and ambitious person. But he was a naughty boy when he was a child and didn't like reading. When he entered his youth, he realized his lack of knowledge and felt that he could not serve his country without studying, so he began to study hard. He read widely and studied history carefully, so he began to study hard. He read widely and studied history carefully, from which he learned a wealth of knowledge and made great progress. He has been in and out of Luoyang, Kyoto for many times, and people who have contacted him say that Zu Ti is a talented person who can assist the emperor in governing the country. When Zu Ti was 24 years old, he was recommended as a lawyer, but he didn't agree. He still studies tirelessly. Later, Zu Ti and his childhood friend Liu Kunyi became the main book of Sizhou. He and Liu Kun have deep feelings. They not only share the same bed, but also have a common lofty ideal: to make contributions, revitalize the state of Jin and become a pillar of the country.

Once, in the middle of the night, Zu Ti heard the cock crow in his sleep. He kicked Liu Kun awake and said to him, "Everyone else thinks it's unlucky to hear a rooster crow in the middle of the night. I don't think so. How about we get up and practice swords when we hear chickens crow in the future? " Liu Kun readily agreed. So every day after the rooster crows, he gets up to practice his sword, and the light of the sword flies and the sound of the sword is sonorous. Spring goes to winter, cold goes to summer, and it never stops. Many things happen. After long and arduous study and training, they finally became generalists who can write good articles and lead troops to win the battle. Zu Ti was named General Zhenxi, realizing his desire to serve the country. Liu Kun became the commander-in-chief in charge of military affairs in Hebei and Youzhou, and also gave full play to his literary talent and military talent.

3 Death of lips and cold teeth

Cold lips and cold teeth is a story. This story tells that the State of Jin borrowed a road from Yu to attack the State of Guo. Yu Wang coveted the jade horse given by the King of Jin and promised to lend the road to the State of Jin. The minister of the state of Yu advised the king of Yu with the principle of "cold lips and cold teeth", but he did not listen and let the state of Jin go through the state of Yu to destroy the state of Guo. As a result, when the state of Jin destroyed Guo, it was destroyed conveniently.

Every grass and tree is a soldier.

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Fu Jian, the former king of Qin in the north, wanted to conquer the Central Plains and unify the world.

In 383 AD, 900,000 troops were mobilized to March into the Huaihe River and attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

The weak Eastern Jin Dynasty calmly dealt with the enemy. General Xie Shi and Xie Xuan led the troops to fight in Huaihe River.

Fu Jian, the former king of Qin, felt that he had millions of Qiang Bing and a mountain of grain and grass. It is easy to beat a weak Jin Dynasty. He should win the first battle and capture Shouyang in one fell swoop. Fu Jian was convinced that he would win, so he sent Zhu Xu, commander-in-chief of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, to Xie Ying to persuade him to surrender. However, when Zhu Xu arrived there, he told Xie Shi instead of persuading him to surrender: "Although Qin Jun boasted that there were millions of Qiang Bing, most people were still on the road. If Qin Jun doesn't arrive today, you can quickly fight and attack its pioneer, and the sound of the army will be weak. " So he immediately sent his subordinate Liu Jianjun to lead 50,000 chosen men to spend the night and surprise Qin Jun. As a result, Fu Jian's army was defeated.

Fu Jian flew into a rage when he was defeated. He boarded the tower and looked at the Jin army on the south bank of Feishui. He couldn't help shivering. Fu Jian saw from a distance that the Jin troops were neat and morale was high. Look again, the trees and grass on Bagong Mountain are swaying in the wind. He thought it was a soldier, and he was uneasy. He said to himself, "There are plenty of Jin soldiers."

Later, Qin Jun's morale was extremely low, and Fu Jian's command was weak. As a result, Qin Jun collapsed across the board, and Fu Jian fled back to Luoyang with an arrow, which made him "jittery and nervous" all the way. Since then, the former Qin dynasty has gradually disintegrated.

5 looking at plums to quench thirst,

This idiom comes from the Southern Dynasties? Liu Song Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu? Fake (jué).

One summer, Cao Cao led troops to fight. The soldiers walked for a long time without water and were very thirsty, but there was no water around. What shall we do? Cao Cao mused, thinking, this can't be done. So he stood in a very high place and said loudly to the soldiers, "I took this road." Not far ahead, there is a large area of merlin, with many big plums. Let's go there to eat plums. " In fact, there is no such thing at all, but after hearing what Cao Cao said, everyone immediately thought of the sour taste of plums, and everyone felt that saliva was flowing out of their mouths. Everyone stopped feeling thirsty at once and went forward actively, hoping to eat plums soon. Finally, everyone finally walked out of this wasteland and reached their destination.

This is the origin of the idiom "looking at plums to quench your thirst", which is used to describe that a certain wish cannot be realized and you can only comfort yourself with fantasy or big talk. Similar idioms include painting cakes to satisfy hunger.

Every bush and every tree seems to be enemies-in a state of extreme panic.

This idiom comes from the Book of Jin. Fu Jian's notes show that soldiers are elite when they climb the city and look at Julian Waghann. Looking north, the vegetation on Bagong Mountain is all human.

In 383 AD, Fu Jian, the former Qin emperor in the north, was basically unified and led 900,000 soldiers and horses to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The Eastern Jin Dynasty appointed Xie Shi as the general, Xie Xuan as the pioneer, and led 80,000 soldiers to war.

After Qin Jun striker Fu Rong captured Shouyang (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), Fu Shu personally led 8,000 cavalry into the city. He listened to Fu Rong's judgment and thought that the nomads from the army were vulnerable. As long as his follow-up troops arrive, they will surely win a great victory. So he sent a man named Zhu Xu to surrender to Xie Shi.

Zhu Xu was an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After seeing Xie Shi, he reported the protection of Qin Jun, and suggested that 8 Jin Army attack Luo Jian (now Dongluo River in Huainan, Anhui) before the follow-up troops of the former Qin Dynasty arrived. Xie Shi took his advice and sent troops to attack Qin Jun's camp. The result was a great victory. Jin Jin occupied Shouyang.

Fu Jian learned that Luo Jian was defeated, and the Jin army was heading for Shouyang. In utter amazement, he immediately boarded Shouyang Chengtou with Fu Rong and personally observed the movement of 8 Jin J across the water. It was the middle of winter and the weather was gloomy. Seen from a distance, the sky above the water is gray. A closer look shows that there are many masts and warships, and the nomads from the army are armed with swords and halberds. The lineup is very neat. He couldn't help secretly praising the nomads from being well-protected and well-trained.

Then, Fu Jian looked north again. Opposite is Bagong Mountain, where there are eight rolling peaks. The terrain is very dangerous. Nomads from the base camp is stationed at the foot of Bagong Mountain. A northwest wind roared by, and the swaying vegetation on the mountain was like countless soldiers moving. Fu Jian suddenly turned pale and said to Fu Rong in horror, "Nomads from the Golden Army are formidable enemies. How can it be said that it is a weak soldier? "

Soon, Fu Jian was tricked by Xie Xuan and ordered the army to retreat a little, so that the nomads from the army could survive the battle at the water. As a result, when Qin Jun retreated, he trampled on himself, fled and was defeated.

This war is a famous underwater battle in history. It is a famous war example in history.

live and work in peace and contentment

Source "Lao Zi"

Sweet food, beautiful clothes, live a peaceful life and enjoy its customs.

Interpretation is a happy and stable life.

In the Spring and Autumn Period of the story, there was a famous philosopher and thinker. His surname is Li and his name is Er. It is said that when he was born, his hair was already white. A little old man with a white beard; So people call him "Lao Zi"; He also said that he was born under a plum tree, so his surname is Li; Because his ears are big, they are called "ears". In fact, Lao Tzu is a respectful name for him. He has always been dissatisfied with the reality at that time, opposed the wave of social innovation at that time, and wanted to go back. He misses the ancient primitive society and thinks that material progress and cultural development have destroyed people's simplicity and brought people pain, so he longs for an ideal society of "small country and few people". He always describes his "small country with few people" society like this: the country is small and the population is sparse. Even if there are many appliances, don't use them. Don't let people risk their lives and don't move far away. Even if there is a car and a boat, no one rides it. Even with weapons and equipment, there is no place to use it. It is necessary for people to re-use the ancient knotting method to record, eat sweetly, dress comfortably and live comfortably, and be satisfied with the original customs. Neighboring countries can see each other. Crows and dogs can hear each other, but people will not communicate with each other until they die of old age.

Keep fighting despite repeated setbacks.

Qiao Xuan, an official of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was dignified and detested evil. On one occasion, a group of robbers tied up his 10-year-old son and brought him into his house, demanding that Qiao Xuan, who was sick, immediately take money to redeem him, which was angered by George. Soon, the officers and men surrounded the Qiao family, afraid that the robbers would kill George's son and did not dare to do it. At this time, Qiao Xuan shouted angrily: "Can I let these bad guys go because of my son's life?" Urge the officers and men to start work quickly. As a result, Qiao Xuan's son was killed by a robber. People praised Qiao Xuan as "indomitable" and always kept moral integrity.

insist on

In the autumn of the third year of the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there was a sudden rumor in the capital Chang 'an that there would be a flood and Chang 'an would be swallowed up by water. During the braking time, all the people in Chang 'an were alarmed, and everyone helped the old and the young and rushed to escape.

When the news reached the palace, Emperor Han Chengdi immediately summoned officials from civil and military departments to the palace to discuss countermeasures. Cheng Di's uncle and General Wang Feng also panicked and advised Cheng Di and the Empress Dowager to hide in the boat and prepare to evacuate. Ministers also echoed Wang Feng's views. Only Prime Minister Sun resolutely opposed it. He thinks that the flood can't come suddenly, and it must be a rumor. It will only make people more flustered if they can't leave easily at this critical moment. Emperor Cheng adopted the advice of the king. After a period of time, there was no flood in the city, and the rumors broke down, and the order in the city slowly recovered. After investigation, it is true that the rumors are untrue. Emperor Cheng appreciated the king's ability to promote public opinion. However, Wang Feng thought it was the king who kept him from stepping down, so he was not satisfied.

Wang Feng has a relative named Yang Gui, who is the prefect of Langya. The king wants to punish him because of the poor management of the place under his jurisdiction. Wang Feng personally ran to the king to intercede for Yang Gui and excused him. Wang Shang insisted on the principle and removed Yang from his office. Wang Feng bears a grudge and tries every means to get revenge. So he and his accomplices conspired to frame the king. Emperor Han Chengdi finally listened to the rumors and removed the post of Prime Minister from the throne.

However, there is a public opinion about right and wrong. Ban Gu, the author of Hanshu, commented on Wang when he wrote a biography: he was honest, fair and unyielding. Such comments are very objective and fair.

Last stand-Fight a life-and-death battle.

Han Xin was born in Huaiyin (now southwest of Qingjiang River in Jiangsu Province). He is a general under Hanwang Liu Bang. In order to defeat Xiang Yu and seize the world, he made a plan for Liu Bang, first capturing Guanzhong, then crossing the Yellow River eastward, defeating and capturing Wei who betrayed Liu Bang and surrendered to Xiang Yu, and then eastward attacking Zhao Wangxie.

Han Xin's troops will pass through a narrow mountain pass called Jingxingkou. Li Zuojun, the counselor of the Prince of Zhao, advocated sending troops to cut corners while blocking the mouth of Jingxing to cut off the supplies of the Han army. Without backup, Han Xin's expeditionary force will surely fail. But General Chen Yu refused to listen, relying on his military superiority, and insisted on fighting the Han army head-on.

Han Xin was very happy when he learned that. He ordered the troops to camp 30 miles away from Jingxing, and in the middle of the night, let the soldiers have some snacks and let them eat after winning the battle. Later, he sent 2,000 Qingqi to sneak forward from the path and let them rush into Zhao's camp quickly after Zhao left the camp and hang the Han flag. Another 10,000 soldiers were sent to deliberately turn their backs on the river to lure Zhao.

At dawn, Han Xin led the army to attack, and the two sides fought fiercely. Soon, the Han army defeated the backwater position for a pretence, and all Zhao troops left the camp and came to pursue. At this time, Han Xin ordered the main attack, and the soldiers who had no retreat turned around and pounced on the enemy. Zhao can't win and is going back to camp. Suddenly, the flag of the Han army was planted in the camp, and he fled everywhere. The Han army pursued the victory and won a total victory.

When celebrating the victory, the generals asked Han Xin, "According to the art of war, this array can carry mountains on its back and face the water. Now you've asked us to line up in last stand, and you've said that you're going to give Zhao a full meal. We didn't believe it at the time, but we really won. What kind of strategy is this? "

Han Xin smiled and said, "This is something in the art of war, but you didn't notice it. Didn't Sun Tzu's Art of War say,' You will be born when you are trapped, and then you will live'? If there is a retreat, the soldiers have fled, how can they be desperate! "

This story evolved from the idiom "the last battle", which is mostly used in military actions and can also be used in actions with the nature of "decisive battle".

Despise a journey of a thousand miles.

Source: "Mencius? On Liang, Mencius saw Liang. The king said, "Support! Is it good for our country to come all this way? "

Interpretation: "not far away" is also called "not far away", which means that you have not come to a place thousands of miles away, which means that you are not afraid of the long journey.

Story: When Liang met Mencius, he enthusiastically said, "Sir, you didn't come all the way to Wei. You must have brought benefits to our country."

Mencius replied, "Your Majesty, why do you always talk about profit?"? It is good to have benevolence and righteousness. If the king says how to benefit my country, the doctor says how to benefit my fief, and the scholars and people say how to benefit themselves, then it will be dangerous to pursue self-interest from top to bottom. " Then Mencius said: "A country that can dispatch 10,000 personnel carriers must be a doctor's family that can dispatch 1000 personnel carriers to murder their monarch;" In a second-class country that can dispatch 1000 personnel carriers, the killer of their monarch must be a doctor's family that can dispatch1000 personnel carriers. Doctors in big countries can get thousands of personnel carriers from countries with thousands of personnel carriers, and doctors in second-class countries can get hundreds of personnel carriers from countries with thousands of personnel carriers. These doctors can't say too much about their profession, but they will never be satisfied. So we can't preach egoism. "

Liang was very moved and asked anxiously, "What does that gentleman think should be done?" Mencius said: "People who never talk about benevolence and righteousness will abandon their parents, and those who don't give alms will disrespect the monarch. Therefore, your majesty only needs handouts, how can he talk about profit? "

An old hand is a good guide

Source: Han Feizi. In the forest, Guan Zhong and Ji ()' s friends cut the solitary bamboo from Huan Gong and returned to winter from spring, confused and lost their way. Guan Zhong said, "You can use the wisdom of an old horse." Is to let the old horse go and get the way.

Interpretation: "Tao" Tao. The old horse knows the way. It means that experienced people are familiar with the situation and can play a guiding role in a certain aspect.

Story: In 663 BC, at the request of Yan State, Qi Huangong sent troops to attack Shanrong, which invaded Yan State. The Prime Minister Guan Zhong and the doctor Peng Ji accompanied him. The Qi army went to war in spring, and it was already winter when they returned home in triumph, and everything changed. The army wandered around in a valley with high mountains and mountains, and finally lost its way and could never find its way back; Although many scouts were sent to explore the road, they still couldn't figure out where to get out of the valley. With the passage of time, the supply of troops became difficult. The situation is very critical. If we can't find a way out, the army will be trapped here. Guan Zhong thought for a long time and came up with an idea: since dogs can find their way home far from home, horses in the army, especially old horses, will also have the ability to find their way. So he said to Qi Huangong, "Your Majesty, I think the old horse has the ability to find his way. You can use it to lead the way ahead and lead the army out of the valley. " Qi Huangong agreed to give it a try. Guan Zhong immediately picked several old horses, untied the reins and let them walk freely in front of the army. Strangely, these old horses are heading in the same direction without hesitation. The army ran around with them, and finally got out of the valley and found the way back to Qi.

Cock crow and practice sword-diligence and self-discipline

Zu Ti in Jin Dynasty was an open-minded and ambitious person. But he was a naughty boy when he was a child and didn't like reading. Enter youth

At that time, he realized his lack of knowledge and felt that he could not serve his country without studying, so he began to study hard. He read a lot of books,

Seriously study history, so I began to study hard. I have learned a wealth of knowledge from it and made great progress in my study. He has been in and out of Luoyang, Kyoto several times.

People who came into contact with him said that Zu Ti was a talented person who could assist the emperor in governing the country. When Zu Ti was 24 years old, he was recommended to be a lawyer.

He didn't promise, but he studied tirelessly.

Later, Zu Ti and his childhood friend Liu Kun served as the main book of Sizhou. He and Liu Kun have deep feelings, not only sharing the same bed, but also sleeping together.

But also have a common lofty ideal: make contributions, revitalize the state of Jin and become a pillar of the country.

Once, in the middle of the night, Zu Ti heard the cock crow in his sleep. He kicked Liu Kun awake and said to him, "Everyone thought he heard him in the middle of the night."

It's unlucky to crow. I don't think so. How about we get up and practice swords when we hear chickens crow in the future? "Liu Kun readily agreed. So they are here every day.

After the cock crowed, I got up to practice my sword. The light of the sword is flying and the sound of the sword is sonorous. Spring goes to winter, cold goes to summer, and it never stops. Everything comes to him who waits, and it takes a long time.

After years of hard study and training, they have finally become generalists who can write good articles and lead troops to win the battle. Zu Ti quilt

Being named General Zhenxi realized his wish to serve his country. Liu Kun became the viceroy, in charge of the military affairs of Hebei and Youzhou, and also played a great role.

He is gifted in literature and martial arts.

The story is from the Book of Jin? Biography of Zu Ti. The idiom "smell the chicken and dance" describes energetic and promising, and also means that people with lofty ideals should cheer up in time.

The wolf has a winning game when the shepherds quarrel.

The king of Wu insisted on attacking the state of Chu and said to the ministers around him, "Whoever dares to remonstrate will die!" Ministers dare not protest.

A courtier wanted to remonstrate with the King of Wu, but he was afraid to go. He walks around the back garden with a slingshot every day, letting the dew in the garden wet his clothes. After three days, the king of Wu saw him and asked, "How did your clothes get wet by dew?" He replied, "There is a tree in the garden. There is a cicada in the tree. Cicada sings at the top of the tree and drinks dew. I didn't know there was a mantis behind it. Mantis bent down and hid behind cicada, trying to catch cicada, but I didn't know a yellowbird was approaching it, and when yellowbird stretched out its neck to eat mantis, I didn't find my slingshot aiming at it below. Cicada, mantis and yellowbird all focus on immediate interests and ignore the hidden dangers behind them. 」

Only when the prince of Wu heard this did he know that he was like a cicada, a mantis and a yellowbird. He only cared about small profits, regardless of the disaster, so he stopped his plan to attack Chu.

The story is from Zuo Zhuan? Xi gong twenty-two years. The idiom "give up three houses" means not arguing with others or giving in voluntarily.

The story comes from Mandarin? Wu Yu. The idiom "in full swing" describes the large lineup and momentum of a group of people or things.

Can this story be found in Zi Tong Zhi Jian? Two years after the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. The idiom "please go to the urn" means to punish yourself with someone.

The story is from the Book of Jin? Wen Yuan? Zuo Si Chuan. The idiom "Luoyang paper is expensive" praises the popularity of excellent works.

The story is from Shi Shuo Xin Yu? Fake. " The idiom "looking at plum to quench thirst" is to comfort yourself or others with fantasy.

The story comes from Liezi? Tang asked. The idiom "high mountains and flowing water" is a metaphor for bosom friends and wonderful music.

The story comes from historical records? Biography of Meng Changjun. The idiom "a chicken calls a dog to steal" refers to a humble skill or a person with this skill.

The story is from the Book of Jin? Fu Jian? Record ". The idiom "all plants are soldiers" describes the nervous and paranoid panic.

This story can be found in Zhuangzi Lieyukou. The idiom "seeking pearls" means that writing an article can stick to the theme and grasp the main points.

The story comes from Su Shi's Notes on Yu Wenke yún dāng Gu Yan in the Northern Song Dynasty. "Have a plan" means that you are fully prepared before doing things and are very sure of the success of things; It also means calm, very calm.

The story is from the Book of Jin? Du Yuchuan. The idiom "like a broken bamboo" describes that the victory of the battle has not stopped.

The story comes from Yang Shen's "Yilin Felling Mountain" in the Ming Dynasty. The idiom "act according to the picture" means to do things mechanically in the old way and not know how to adapt; It is also a metaphor to look for things according to certain clues.

The story is in Zhuangzi? Autumn water. The idiom "sighing at the ocean" means that when you don't have enough strength to do something, you will feel helpless.

The story is from Zuo Zhuan? Five years of jealousy. The idiom "the lips are dead and the teeth are cold" means that the two sides are closely related and interdependent.

This story comes from the Biography of Zu Ti in the Book of Jin. ? "Waiting for a Pill" is from Liu Kun's "Friends and Relatives", which vividly shows Liu Kun's determination to kill the enemy and serve the country at any time. Later, it was used as an idiom to describe always being alert to the enemy and preparing for battle.

The story comes from historical records? Zheng Zhengchuan. The "coming from behind" of idioms often means that the latter can surpass the former. And Ji An said the original intention, very different.

The story comes from Lv Chunqiu? Self-knowledge is said to be a cover-up for stupidity and self-deception.

The story is from the Book of Jin? Biography of Zu Ti. The idiom "smell the chicken and dance" describes energetic and promising, and also means that people with lofty ideals should cheer up in time.

The story comes from historical records? Wei. The idiom "carrying firewood to put out the fire" means destroying evil in the wrong way, but the result is that evil is magnified.

The story comes from Zhuangzi? Autumn water. The idiom "Handan toddler" means to imitate others mechanically. Instead of learning from others' strengths, you will lose your own strengths and skills.

The story comes from historical records? Biography of Qin Shihuang. The idiom "refer to a deer as a horse" refers to deliberately reversing right and wrong and confusing black and white.

The idiom "waiting for a rabbit" is a metaphor for getting something for nothing, or sticking to a narrow experience and not knowing how to change it.

This idiom comes from Historical Records. Biography of General Li is a metaphor for being sincere and strict with oneself, which will naturally move others and be admired.

During the Warring States Period, Qi Weiwang succeeded to the throne for three years, but he drank and had fun all day and was indifferent to state affairs.

Minister Chunyu Kun came up with a way to motivate Qi Weiwang. He said, "Your Majesty, I heard that there is a big bird in the State of Qi, which has not flown or barked for three years ..." He deliberately paused and tentatively asked, "Does your Majesty know what kind of bird this is?" When Qi Weiwang knew that Chunyu Kun was alluding to himself, he couldn't help laughing. After laughing for a while, he said, "This bird can fly without flying, and it will soar in the sky;" If you don't sing, it will be a blockbuster! "

Since then, Qi Weiwang has visited many places. When you see a competent doctor, you will be rewarded; For a doctor who sabotaged production, he was thrown into the oil pan and executed. Then, he strictly reorganized the army and defeated the invading Wei Jun.

Qi Weiwang's "blockbuster" shocked monarchs all over the world.

The idiom "blockbuster" means to be unknown at ordinary times and suddenly make an amazing move.