More than 2 million years ago, human activities began in Sichuan, and civilization began to appear 25,000 years ago, forming a highly developed ancient Shu civilization represented by Sanxingdui civilization. After the Qin Dynasty ruled Sichuan, Sichuan gradually merged into the Central Plains culture and occupied an important position in the history of China. According to archaeological findings, the ancient Shu civilization began to have human activities in Sichuan in the early Paleolithic period more than 2 million years ago. There are four named paleolithic cultural sites in Sichuan. Seven or eight thousand years ago, Sichuan gradually entered the Neolithic Age. Neolithic sites are widely distributed. At present, more than 200 sites have been discovered, the most representative of which are Sanxingdui site in Guanghan, Yingpanliang site in Guangyuan and Lizhou site in Xichang. About 4~5 thousand years ago, Sichuan entered the ancient legend period, which was similar to the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties in the Central Plains. At this time, the content of ancient history legends is mainly about the lineage and activities of the ancient Shu kings, among which Dayu Daojiang and Du Yuhua Juan are the most famous. Although there is no historical record, archaeological excavations and oral legends of Sanxingdui, Jinsha and Shiqiao prove that Chengdu Plain has entered the slave society at the latest in Shang Dynasty. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the slave regime established by Shu in Chengdu Plain may be related to the "three kings of Shu" in ancient legends-Can Cong, Guan Bai and Yu Fan. About Xia and Shang Dynasties, Shu tribes migrated from this area to Chengdu Plain. After the "three generations of Shu kings", it is equivalent to the establishment of Du Yu Dynasty in the Western Zhou Dynasty in the Central Plains. During this period, the capital of Shu moved to Yi Yun (now Pixian County), and Tu Yuchao adopted a hereditary monarchy, which was powerful and covered the whole Sichuan Basin. About equivalent to the early Spring and Autumn Period, Du Yu's Zen was located in Guiling of Shu, which made great contributions to water control, and Guiling established an enlightened dynasty. From the Warring States to the Three Kingdoms, the enlightened dynasty made its capital in Guangdu (now Shuangliu). At first, its national strength was very strong. Around the 4th century BC, Ming Kai IX began to imitate the ritual and music system of China, and moved the capital from Guangdu to Chengdu, which resulted in the legend of Hong Hong Bi Hua. In the ninth year of Qin Huiwen's reign (3 16 BC), the State of Qin attacked Shu from the road and prepared to unify the world. After Qin captured Shu, Shu and Hanzhong counties were established. Sichuan gradually implemented the Qin system and began to enter the feudal society. During the period from Qin Xiang to Qin Zhuang Wang Xiang (from 227 to 247 years ago), Li Bing served as the magistrate of Shu County and took many important measures to develop Shu State, such as building Dujiangyan and dredging two rivers (now Nanhe and Jinjiang), which made Chengdu Plain increasingly rich and provided important material guarantee for Qin Shihuang to unify China. After the Western Han Dynasty, Sichuan's society, economy and culture developed rapidly, and its prosperity surpassed that of Guanzhong area, so it was called "Land of Abundance", and its reputation continues to this day. During the reign of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, Wen Weng became the magistrate of Shu County, and founded the first official school in China, Wen Weng Poetry History. Since then, the style of study in central Sichuan has flourished, which can be compared with Qilu area. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Gongsun Shu occupied Yizhou, with the title of "married" and its capital in Chengdu. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yizhou was divided between Ada and Liu Zhang (189 ~2 14). Later, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, known as "Shu Han" in history (22 1 ~263). The territory of Shu and Han includes most of Chongqing, Sichuan and Yunnan, all of Guizhou and a small part of Shaanxi and Gansu. Form a situation in which Wei, Shu and Wu are divided into three parts. Zhuge Liang, the prime minister, ruled the country and greatly developed the social economy of Shu. From the Jin Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Shu was destroyed by Wei in the first year of Yan Xing (263). Soon, Sima Yan established the Jin Dynasty. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, in the third year of Yongxing (306), Li Xiong proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, with the title of "Dacheng". In the fourth year of Xiankang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (338), Li Xiong's nephew, Li Shou, changed his name to "Han" and was called "Cheng Han" in history. Han Cheng is the earliest established country among the sixteen countries, and its territory covered the Sichuan Basin and some surrounding areas in its heyday. From the third year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (347 years) to the first year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (58 1 year), Sichuan was incorporated into the territory of Sui Dynasty, and was ruled by eight regimes: Eastern Jin Dynasty, former Qin Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Southern Qi Liang Dynasty, Western Wei Dynasty and Northern Zhou Dynasty. Due to political turmoil and frequent wars, the social economy is basically at a standstill. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Sichuan's society was stable and its economy entered its heyday. There was a saying that "Yang (now in the south of the Yangtze River) benefited from one thing and two things". During the Anshi Rebellion, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty took refuge in Shu. Later, many emperors in the Tang Dynasty took refuge in Shu, such as Tang Dezong, who fled from Zhu Qi's rebellion, and Tang Xizong, who fled from Huang Chao. In the fourth year of Tang Tianyou (907), when the Tang Dynasty perished, Wang Jian and Meng Zhixiang successively established the pre-Shu regime and the post-Shu regime in Sichuan, which lasted 18 years and 3 1 year respectively. Both pre-Shu and post-Shu adopted the policy of recuperation, and Sichuan was once the most prosperous area in China because it was not involved in the Central Plains struggle. In the third year of Gande in the Northern Song Dynasty (965), Song Jun destroyed Houshu. From Song and Yuan Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were many large-scale peasant uprisings in Sichuan, such as Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun Uprising. Nevertheless, compared with other parts of the country, Sichuan is relatively stable, which makes the social economy develop continuously and becomes the rear area of resisting gold and Mongolia in Song Dynasty. The half-century-long war in Sichuan at the beginning of Yuan Dynasty caused huge economic losses. In the fourth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (137 1), the Ming Dynasty sent troops to bring Sichuan into the territory of the Ming Dynasty. In addition to Sichuan and Chongqing, the jurisdiction also includes Zunyi, northeastern Yunnan and northwestern Guizhou. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang, a soldier of the peasant uprising, established the "Daxi" regime in Sichuan (1644 ~ 1646), taking Chengdu as Xijing, then the Eight Banners of the Qing army slaughtered Sichuan, and Huguang filled Sichuan in the 24th year of Kangxi. For more than 30 years in the early Qing Dynasty, Sichuan was in a state of war until the twentieth year of Kangxi (168 1). In the first year of Jiaqing (1796), Bailian religion broke out in Sichuan, Chushan and Shaanxi, and it took the Qing court nine years to quell it. From the end of Song Dynasty to the beginning of Qing Dynasty, under the unprecedented war, the population of Sichuan dropped sharply and the economy was depressed. As a result, the imperial court carried out two large-scale immigration movements in the early Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, which was called "Huguang filling Sichuan". The two migration movements have enabled Sichuan, which is sparsely populated, to acquire a large number of laborers, and its social economy has been rapidly restored. In modern times, from 65438 to 0840, the Raven War opened the curtain of China's modern history, but it was not until 65438 to 0895 that Li Hongzhang and Ito Bowen, a representative of the Japanese government, signed the treaty of shimonoseki, stipulating that Chongqing, the gateway of Sichuan, was opened as a trading port, that it really entered modern times. Sichuan social natural economy gradually collapsed and semi-colonized, and national capitalism began to sprout in Sichuan. In the 65438+60s of 2009, Shi Dakai entered Sichuan, followed by the Chengdu Religious Plan and the Boxer Uprising. The movement of protecting roads broke out in Sichuan became the beginning of the Revolution of 1911. 19 1 1 year, Chengdu established a military government independently; In the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), the first-level organizational system was abolished and changed to provincial capital, state, Ministry and county. 19 13, Yuan attempted to restore the imperial system, implemented "military and civilian division", abandoned the province and diverted the road, and divided Sichuan into seven roads, namely, West Sichuan, Upper South Sichuan, Lower South Sichuan, North Sichuan, East Sichuan, East Sichuan and West Sichuan, and later changed the river basins to five roads, namely, Xichuan, Jianchang, Yongning, Jialing and Dongchuan. At the same time, the government, state and hall were abolished and the county was changed into the Tao. 19 14, the eastern and western boundaries were cut off, and 30 counties west of Kangding county were designated as special areas along the Sichuan River (including Changdu area west of Jinsha River), which was controlled by Sichuan Province. During the Republic of China, warlords in Sichuan fought in melee, with more than 480 wars from 19 12 to 1933. The warlords in Sichuan, big and small, go their own way. 1935, the army entered Sichuan. In order to "suppress" and closely monitor local revolutionary activities, Sichuan was divided into 18 administrative supervision area and Xikang administrative supervision area (formerly Chuanbian Special Zone). In 1939, Chengdu (1928) and Chongqing (1928) implemented the new county system and formed Jiabao. In the same year, the former Xikang Administrative Supervision District merged with the 17th and 18th Administrative Supervision Districts in Sichuan, and Xikang Province was established, and Sichuan and Kang were divided and ruled. In the same year, Zigong City was added. During the Second Revolutionary Civil War, the first, second and fourth armies of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants successively marched into Sichuan. 1February 1932 to1April 1935, the Red Fourth Front Army established the Sichuan-Shaanxi revolutionary base area in the northeast of Sichuan and the border area with Shaanxi, covering an area of more than 42,000 square kilometers and a population of 7 million. This was the second largest revolutionary base in China at that time. With the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, various industrial and mining enterprises, universities and cultural groups along the coast of China have also moved to Sichuan, and Sichuan has once again become the rear area of China. At the same time, 3 million Sichuan troops went out of Sichuan to fight Japanese aggression and made outstanding contributions to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. 1949 12 10, Jiang and his son flew from Chengdu to Taiwan Province province, and then Sichuan and Xikang successively changed dynasties. Hyundai1949 65438+February, Sichuan Liberation. 1950 65438+ 10, the central government designated Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Tibet as the southwest region, and established the Southwest Bureau, Southwest Military and Political Committee and Southwest Military Region in Chongqing, with Comrade Deng Xiaoping as the secretary of the Southwest Bureau, Comrade Liu Bocheng as the chairman of the Military and Political Committee, and Comrade He Long as the commander of the military region to lead the work of the southwest region in a unified way. At the same time, Sichuan is divided into four administrative offices: western Sichuan, eastern Sichuan, northern Sichuan and southern Sichuan, and Chongqing and Xikang provinces, all of which are directly led by the regions. Four administrative offices and Xikang Province * * * govern 2 1 special zone, 6 cities and 19 1 county. 1952 1 In September, the central government decided to abolish the Southwest Military and Political Commission and four administrative regions, restore the organizational system of Sichuan Province, establish the Sichuan Provincial People's Government, and change Chongqing from a municipality directly under the central government to a provincial city. In the same year, in June 5438+10, the "regional administrative supervision department" was renamed as the "regional Commissioner's department". 1February, 954, the Central Southwest Bureau was cancelled. 1955 1, and the Sichuan Provincial People's Government changed its name to "Sichuan Provincial People's Committee". In May of the same year, the "District Commissioner's Office" was renamed as "Commissioner's Office". In June+10, 5438, Xikang Province was abolished, and the counties east of Jinsha River were merged into Sichuan Province, and the Qamdo area west of it was transferred to Xizang Autonomous Region. In order to strengthen the construction of minority areas in the western Sichuan Plateau, according to the spirit of regional ethnic autonomy, a number of autonomous prefectures and counties such as Xikang have been established. In order to strengthen the construction of the third line, 1965 established Dukou City with Panzhihua mining area as the center. 1March 199714th, the fifth session of the Eighth National People's Congress approved the establishment of Chongqing. It governs the original administrative regions of Chongqing, Wanxian, Fuling and Qianjiang, including 43 counties (cities), with a total area of 82,000 square kilometers and a total population of 30.02 million. After the partition of Sichuan and Chongqing, the number of prefecture-level administrative districts in Sichuan Province dropped to 19, and the number of counties, county-level cities and districts was 179, still ranking first in the country. It covers an area of 485,000 square kilometers, accounting for 5. 1% of the whole country, ranking fifth; The population is 83.565 million, accounting for 6.8% of the country, ranking third after Henan and Shandong. You will know all the great events that happened in 2008.